Maninder Singh Sidhu

Central giant cell granuloma of jaws: review of 19 cases

19 cases of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) were reviewed after screening the records of the past four years of the Dental out patient department of AIIMS Hospital, New Delhi. It was found that CGCG usually occurs in the 2nd and 3rd decades and is more common in females. The mandible is more frequently involved than the maxilla and lesions occur more commonly on the right than left side.

Cephalometric Analysis of Changes Produced by a Modified Herbst Appliance in the Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion

This study investigated treatment changes produced by the Herbst appliance in a sample of severe Class II division 1 cases, over a period of 8 months. The sample consisted of 16 girls, of whom eight were treated by the Herbst appliance, whilst eight served as controls. All cases were matched with respect to age, sex, skeletofacial morphology, and length of treatment/observation period. Twenty-two skeletal and 19 dental parameters were recorded on pre- and post-treatment cephalograms. The net treatment effect of Herbst therapy was evaluated, taking into account the growth that occurred in the control sample. The study revealed that during 8 months of Herbst therapy there was a significant increase in mandibular length, along with sagittal repositioning. The skeletal changes in the mandible were mainly responsible for overjet and molar relation correction. A slight, favourable forward rotation of the mandible was identified. Dentoalveolar features included flaring of lower incisors and distalization of upper molars. The appliance did not have any retrusive effect on the maxilla. The modified splint design differed from the original and was cemented rather than bonded.

Evaluation of stress changes in the mandible with a fixed functional appliance: a finite element study.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a fixed functional appliance (Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) on the mandible with 3-dimensional finite element stress analysis. METHODS A 3-dimensional finite element model of the mandible was constructed from the images generated by cone-beam computed tomography of a patient undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. The changes were studied with the finite element method, in the form of highest von Mises stress and maximum principal stress regions. RESULTS More areas of stress were seen in the model of the mandible with the Forsus compared with the model of the mandible in the resting stage. CONCLUSIONS This fixed functional appliance studied by finite element model analysis caused increases in the maximum principal stress and the von Mises stress in both the cortical bone and the condylar region of the mandible by more than 2 times.

Three-dimensional evaluation of pharyngeal airway in complete unilateral cleft individuals and normally growing individuals using cone beam computed tomography.

Aims The aim of the present study was to evaluate pharyngeal airway in cleft individuals and normally growing individuals using cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods Cone beam computed tomography scans of 22 individuals were obtained from the Department of Orthodontics and divided in two groups. Group 1 includes 11 cases with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (mean age, 12 years) and group 2 includes 11 noncleft cases (mean age, 14 years). The oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and oronasal pharyngeal airway was evaluated between the two groups. Results In the cleft group, the volume of the nasopharyngeal airway was found to be 3.66 cm3; of the oropharyngeal airway, 9.28 cm3; and of the oronasal pharyngeal airway, 12.67 cm3. The volume of the nasopharyngeal airway was found to be significantly reduced in the cleft palate group when compared with the noncleft group. Conclusion The nasopharyngeal airway was found to be significantly smaller among the children with cleft palate than among those in the control group.

Evaluation of fluoride varnish and its comparison with pumice prophylaxis using self-etching primer in orthodontic bonding—an in vivo study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of fluoride varnish as a prophylaxis method with self etching primer (SEP) and its comparison with pumice before orthodontic bonding. Thirty seven orthodontic patients participated in a prospective clinical trial. A split mouth technique was used in each patient, one quadrant was assigned to fluoride varnish and the contralateral quadrant to pumice prophylaxis. A total of 684 teeth were bonded with SEP (Transbond plus; 3M Unitek) and monitored for 6 months for bond failures. A total of 42 (6.1%) failures were recorded, 9 (2.6%) in the pumice group and 33 (9.6%) in the fluoride varnish group. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the number of bracket failures between the pumice and fluoride varnish groups and the number of patients in each group experiencing at least one bond failure. Statistically significant differences were found both in total number of bond failures (P < 0.001) and in the number of patients with bond failures (P < 0.05) between both groups. A significantly lower and clinically acceptable bond failure rate was observed with Transbond Plus self etching primer after pumice prophylaxis.

Three-dimensional evaluation of pharyngeal airway in individuals with varying growth patterns using cone beam computed tomography

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharyngeal airway volume in individuals with different vertical growth patterns. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography scans were evaluated of 40 subjects with the age range from 14 to 25 years and were divided into three groups. Horizontal growers consisted of 13 subjects, normal growers consisted of 14 subjects, and the vertical growers consisted of 13 subjects. The pharyngeal airway volume was measured using In Vivo Dental 5.1 software (Anatomage, Anatomy Imaging Software, San Jose, CA, USA). Results: The results obtained were analyzed statistically. The statistical test used for the analysis of the result was Student′s t-test. The independent t-test was done to compare the mean of the pharyngeal airway between the normal growers and horizontal growers and between the normal growers and the vertical growers. No statistically significant difference between the three groups was found in the volumetric measurements of the various sections of airway. Conclusions: Pharyngeal airway volume does not differ significantly in different vertical jaw relationships. It was possible to evaluate the pharyngeal airway volume three dimensionally.

Effects of two adhesion boosters on depth of penetration of orthodontic adhesive on fluorosed and normal enamel: A confocal microscopic study

Objectives: This study has been conducted to unveil adhesion promoters underlying microscopic mechanism using confocal microscope. Materials and Methods: Fifty maxillary first premolars (25 fluorosed and 25 nonfluorosed) were selected. The teeth were divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth each based on the adhesion booster applied and two control groups of 5 fluorosed and 5 nonfluorosed teeth without adhesion booster. Two different adhesion boosters, All-Bond 3 (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA) and Enhance LC (Reliance, Itasca, IL, USA), were mixed with Rhodamine B fluorescent dye and applied on the tooth to facilitate the detection of resin tags in the confocal microscope. The teeth were sliced to a cross-section of 800 μm by hard tissue microtome. Each cross section was scanned in confocal microscope till three distinct resin tags were seen, and this image was stored and quantified. The depth of penetration of adhesive resin tag was chosen as a measure of micromechanical bonding. Data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: The maximum depth of penetration was recorded in fluorosed/All-Bond 3 group of 75.57 μm and a minimum depth of penetration was in fluorosed and conventional primer group of 26.46 μm. Conclusions: This shows that micromechanical bonding is compromised in fluorosed teeth. Both the adhesion boosters, All-Bond 3 and Enhance LC, enhanced the depth of resin penetration in fluorosed as well as nonfluorosed teeth while conventional primer did not prove to be very useful. Thus, adhesion boosters have been beneficial to increase the micromechanical bonding in cases where bonding is compromised, thus providing a good solution to effective orthodontic bonding.

Skeletal Class II correction and neuromuscular adaptation with twin-block: A cephalometric and electromyography study in adults

Introduction: It is believed that significant changes in electromyography (EMG) activity are observed at the end of the treatment, which are concomitant with a clinical improvement seen in sagittal jaw relationship during skeletal Class II correction by functional appliances. It is thought that similar interaction occurs between bone shape and muscle activity in the maxillofacial complex this study aims at evaluating the effects of twin-block on correction of skeletal Class II by lateral cephalogram and neuromuscular adaptation by EMG in adult patients. Materials and Methodology: The lateral cephalogram were taken with teeth in occlusion, and neuromuscular adaptation was observed on the basis of EMG recording of the anterior fiber of temporalis and masseter muscles using bipolar electrodes in rest and maximum clenching. All records were collected at pretreatment and after completion of 9 months of the active phase. Results: The amount of skeletal changes contributing to overjet reduction was 33.7%, and dental changes contributing to overjet reduction was 66.3%. Conclusion: The correction of Class II malocclusion for skeletal changes contributing to overjet reduction was 33.7%, and dental changes contributing to overjet reduction was 66.3%.

Comparative evaluation of efficiency of serum IGF-1, hand-wrist radiographs, and cervical vertebrae as skeletal maturity indicator

Introduction: Accurate determination of skeletal maturity and remaining growth is crucial to identify optimal timing for the treatment of a series of dentoskeletal disharmonies in all three planes of space. Currently, cervical vertebral stages and hand-wrist radiographs are used to identify peak mandibular bone growth. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to compare and correlate insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels to skeletal maturation stages obtained by the cervical vertebral maturation method and skeletal maturational indicators obtained by the hand-wrist maturation method. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum IGF-1 level was measured for 53 healthy, North Indian subjects (26 female, 27 male), who were either about to begin orthodontic treatment, were undergoing treatment, or were in posttreatment follow-up between the ages of 9 and 20 years. For each subject, hand-wrist radiographs and lateral cephalograms were also obtained and staged. Results: The mean serum IGF-1 levels were the highest at the skeletal stages that were previously associated with the greatest amount of mandibular growth. Serum IGF-1 levels were low in the prepubertal skeletal stages, rise sharply to their peak in late puberty, and decline to approach prepubertal levels after puberty. Conclusion: Serum IGF-1 could be used as a skeletal maturity indicator and might be useful in detecting residual mandibular growth in young adults.