Manju Chhugani

HIV/AIDS and Respectful Maternity Care (RMC)

With an estimate of 36.7 million people living with HIV at the end of 2016 and 1.8 million people becoming newly infected in 2016 globally, HIV continues to be a major global public health issue. Despite the virus only being identified in 1984, more than 35 million people have died of HIV or AIDS, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in history. Today, scientific advances have been made in HIV treatment, there are laws to protect people living with HIV and we know so much more about the condition. Despite this, there are several facts which are not known and the stigma and discrimination remain a reality for many people living with the condition.

Skill Building in Nursing Students during Pre-service Training

The important aspect of nursing education is to impart clinical skills to student nurses to ensure patient safety. It is a challenge for the nursing educators/teachers to develop innovative methods for teaching clinical skills to student nurses in order to ensure competency at the bedside. Clinical environment remains an important aspect in the development of students’ competence, confidence and contentment of their expected learning outcomes.The major challenge in nursing education is to equip the students in performing the procedures skilfully with confidence. Healthcare is always changing, hence nursing teachers have a great role to update themselves with the current nursing practices and impart the same in a comprehensive manner to the students. In order to effectively teach student nurses, teachers must have command over the current clinical facets and must master their teaching methodology. There are various ways to develop skills, out of which demonstration and return demonstration holds a key place.

Nursing Care: Making a Big Difference in Stage 3 Bed Sore

Efficient nursing care with regular assessment, positioning, exercises and the prescribed treatment improved the condition of the patient and it took 4 months for healing of bed sores. This case report concerns a 78-year-old bed-ridden elderly woman, diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis and stageIII bed sore. The patient was admitted to the special ward of Hakeem Abdul Hakeem Centenary Hospital (HAHC), New Delhi, with the chief complaints of poor intake of food, pain in legs and back, fatigability since one month and a sore in the buttock and the right iliac spine region as she was bed ridden. During physical examination, the patient was conscious and oriented but the slurring of speech was present, tremors were there, lead pipe rigidity was present, gait could not be assessed, the GCS score was 15/15. She had stage 3 bed sore [6 cm*8 cm]. Contractures in elbow, wrist hand, and knee were present. After all the investigation, she was diagnosed with malnourishment with Parkinson and rheumatoid arthritis and stage 3 bed sores in right iliac region and sacrum region.

Trataka Exercise – Improving Vision and Memory

Trataka is a method of meditation that involves staring at a single point such as a small object, black dot or candle flame. It is said to bring energy to the “third eye” and promote various psychic abilities. Trataka is of two kinds: internal and external. Internal trataka is called dharana or concentration because in this practice the eyes are closed and the mind concentrated upon some subtle element within. External trataka means fixing the eyes on some object outside. The word trataka means to gaze steadily. Trataka is gazing without blinking at an object placed directly in front of the eyes. At the time of practicing trataka, the eyeballs should remain steady and the eyelids should not flicker. No object except the one on which trataka is to be performed should be seen, and the mind should not wander hither and thither but be merged in observation of the object. The sadhana of trataka will help a great deal in understanding the mind and making its unseen powers active, so as to prepare for self-realization

Development and Validation of Mobile App among Student Nurses

The rapid growth of mobile technologies has been made but with some limitations. The present “Nchemoapp” is developed for student nurses on chemotherapy, focusing in the South Asian context. There is a need for mHealth apps in oncology nursing for student nurses as well as staff nurses. Training should be given about chemotherapy efficacy in order to improve the attitude about chemotherapy among the student nurses as well as staff nurses.

Breast Massage: A Reliever for Mild Breast Engorgement

Breast engorgement is a painful distention and congestion of the breasts which makes the mother illand difficult for the baby to latch on to the mother’s breast. It is the condition in which there is painful swelling of the breasts with sudden increase in milk volume, vascular congestion, and oedema during the first two weeks of postnatal period. 1 Many researches are being done to check the effectiveness of breast massage on mild breast engorgement. Breast massage is helpful in reducing mild breast engorgement. The precipitating factors of breast engorgement include the poor attachment, delayed initiation of breastfeeds, decrease the duration of breastfeeding, missing baby feed, giving formula feed to the baby.

A Quasi-experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Chilled Cabbage Leaves on Breast Engorgement among Postnatal Mothers Admitted in a Selected Hospital of Delhi

A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of chilled cabbage leaves on breast engorgement among the postnatal mothers admitted in a selected hospital of Delhi. A Time series non-equivalent control group design with multiple institutions of the treatments was used. The study was conducted on 60 postnatal mothers, 30 in each group, admitted in Swami Dayanand Hospital, Shadara. A structured interview schedule was used to assess the selected sample characteristics and Storr scale was used to assess the breast engorgement and data were analyzed using SPSS IBM Version 20. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control group with regard to pre-treatment scores of breast engorgement (p=0.2880). Comparison was done between pre-treatment and posttreatment breast engorgement scores within both the groups. There was no significant difference in the posttest breast engorgement scores between both the groups (p=0.204). Both the treatments, i.e., chilled cabbage leaves and routine care, i.e., warm compress were effective in decreasing breast engorgement in postnatal mothers (p=0.05 and p=0.001). Routine care, i.e., warm compress was found to be more effective than chilled cabbage leaves in reducing breast engorgement (p=0.001) in postnatal mothers. Chilled cabbage leaves as well as routine care, i.e., warm compress, both can be used in the treatment of breast engorgement.

A Study to Develop and Evaluate the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Emergency Contraception in Terms of Knowledge of Undergraduate College Girls and to Seek its Relationship with Selected Factors in a Selected College of Kashmir

The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is substantially high in India. One of the major reasons for MMR is unsafe abortion. The people are not well aware about the emergency contraception especially the college girls. They usually get married at an age of 18 to 20 years and continue their education at in-laws house. There is a real need to impart information on emergency contraception among college girls so that they can decide when to have a child and how to plan pregnancy. The objectives of the study were to develop an information booklet on emergency contraception for under graduate college girls, to asses the knowledge of college girls before and after the administration of information booklet, to seek relationship between post test knowledge scores of college girls and selected variables like subject, background subjects, educational status of parents and previous exposure to any educational program and to determine the utility and acceptability of the information booklet by the college girls. An evaluative research approach with one group pretest and post test design was used in the study. The population comprised of under graduate college girls studying at Govt. Degree College Handwara, Kashmir University. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 100 under graduate college girls.The findings of the study revealed that Mean post-test knowledge scores (38.58) of college girls were found to be significantly higher than their mean pre-test knowledge scores (14.1).The information booklet was found to be effective in enhancing the knowledge of college girls on emergency contraception.The information booklet had high acceptability and utility among college girls.

Assessment of the Knowledge of Women regarding Prevention and Management of Complications of Cu-T insertion and Decision making Rural Families in Choosing Family Planning Methods in Kashmir Valley

To study the prevalence of Cu-T complications among women and their knowledge regarding prevention and management of complications of Cu-T insertion and to determine the relationship between knowledge and the selected factors (age. religion. educational qualification, occupation. type of family, income, number of children, duration of copper-t insertion) and to identify the decision makers in the family in choosing family planning methods 100 rural women attending PHCs of Kashmir were investigated in the present study. It was found that majority of women (90%) were Muslims, most of the of the study subjects (78%) were house wives, more than half (54%) were in the age group of 31-40 years, (45%) belonged to nuclear family, (40%) of women were having two children, (39%) women were in the monthly income group between Rs 10001-15000. (29%) were having 1-2 years of Cu-T insertion, (35%) women had primary education, maximum number of women with Cu- T insertion complications (12%), were having excessive vaginal discharge and minimum number of women (2%), reported nausea and vomiting and only (1%) of womens husband got hurt during sexual intercourse. Maximum subjects (70%) had inadequate knowledge regarding prevention and management of complications of Cu-T insertion. The mean of knowledge score was 20.8 (maximum score 34) and Standard deviation was found to be 6.96 depicting heterogeneity in the knowledge score of study subjects. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and educational but there was no significant relationship between knowledge and factors like age, religion, occupation, type of family, income, number of children, duration of Cu-T insertion at 0.05 levels. Regarding the decision makers in the family in choosing family planning methods, most of women, (45%) were dominated by husbands. The study findings indicate that there is lack of knowledge among women regarding prevention and management of complications of Cu- insertion and hence there is need to educate and to give information to women regarding prevention and management of complications of Cu- insertion.