Manjusha Choudhary

Medicinal plants with potential anti-arthritic activity.

Ethno Pharmacological Relevance: Traditional medicinal plants are practiced worldwide for treatment of arthritis especially in developing countries where resources are meager. This review presents the plants profiles inhabiting throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for treatment of arthritis. Materials and Methods: Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six decades. Plants/their parts/extracts/polyherbal formulations, toxicity studies for arthritis have been included in the review article. The profiles presented also include information about the scientific name, family, dose, methodology along with mechanism of action and toxicity profile. Research status of 20 potential plant species has been discussed. Further, geographical distribution of research, plants distribution according to families has been given in graphical form. Results: 485 plant species belonging to 100 families, traditionally used in arthritis are used. Among 100 plant families, malvaceae constitute 16, leguminasae 7, fabaceae 13, euphorbiaceae 7, compositae 20, araceae 7, solanaceae 12, liliaceae 9, apocynaceae, lauraceae, and rubiaceae 10, and remaining in lesser proportion. It was observed in our study that majority of researches are carried mainly in developing countries like India, China, Korea and Nigeria. Conclusion: This review clearly indicates that list of medicinal plants presented in this review might be useful to researchers as well as practioners. This review can be useful for preliminary screening of potential anti-arthritis plants. Further toxicity profile given in the review can be useful for the researchers for finding the safe dose.

Gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Plumeria alba Linn. leaves in rats.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Plumeria alba Linn. METHODS Antiulcer assays were performed using the protocols of ulcer induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ethanol and pylorus ligation. The hydroalcoholic extract (HAPA), and various fractions of HAPA like, n-hexane extract (HPA), ethyl acetate extract (EAPA) and n-butanol extract (BPA) were administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for HAPA and 100 and 200 mg/kg for fractions of extracts. Parameters of gastric secretion (volume, pH, total protein, and free and total acidity) were determined by the pylorus ligation model. Parameters like aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also determined in ethanol-induced ulcer model. To determine the mechanism of action, role of nitric oxide was also evaluated. RESULTS EAPA and BPA (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed gastric ulcer-healing effect in indomethacin-induced ulcer model, while HAPA (200 mg/kg) and HPA showed no significant antiulcer effect. Both EAPA and BPA showed gastric cytoprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. CONCLUSION The results of the present study show that some hydroalcoholic extract of Plumeria alba L. displays antiulcer activity, as demonstrated by the significant inhibition of ulcer formation induced by different models, which is consistent with the literature report in folk medicine.

Antifertility potential of the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn. leaves

Abstract Objective To assess the antifertility activity of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn ( C. pulcherrima ) leaves in albino female mice. Methods Acute toxicity study of the extract was carried out in adult albino mice. The antifertility activity of the extract at dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg, orally) was evaluated in two experimental animal models i.e. antiimplantation and esterogenic/antiestrogenic activity in female mice by observing no. of implants, estrus cycle, vaginal cornification, uertus weight and cholesterol content. Results The extract was found to be safe up to a dose of 4 000 mg/kg body weight when administered orally. A good antiimplantation (66.66 %) activity in female mice was observed at the tested dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg, orally). The extract further showed more significant ( P Conclusions The results suggest that ethanolic extract of C. pulcherrima leaves possess significant antifertility activity, therefore, justifying the traditional use of this plant in fertility regulation.

Effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of Sesbania sesban (Linn) Merr. root on glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Aim: The present study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Sesbania sesban (SS) (Merr.) roots, which is widely used in inflammation, fever, ulcers, leucoderma and diabetes in various parts of India. Materials and Methods: SS extracts were administered orally at doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) to normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced Type-2 diabetic mice. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), biochemical parameters in serum viz., blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, urea, creatinine and total protein, change in body weight, internal organs weight, food intake, water intake and glycogen level in liver were performed for the evaluation of hypoglycemic effects. Results: Both doses of aqueous and ethanolic SS extracts caused a marked decrease of FBG in STZ induced Type-2 diabetic mice. Both extracts decreased the cholesterol, TG, urea, creatinine level and increased the insulin, HDL cholesterol and total protein level. Decrease in body weight and glycogen level induced by STZ was restored. Increase in water and food intake induced by STZ was decreased. Conclusions: The results suggest that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of SS may have hypoglycemic potential for the Type-2 diabetes and support the traditional use of the roots of plant as a hypoglycemic agent.

Investigation of Antiarthritic Potential of Plumeria alba L. Leaves in Acute and Chronic Models of Arthritis

Aim. The present investigation was designed to evaluate antiarthritic potential of fractions of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of P. alba. Materials and Methods. Plumeria alba L. leaves were extracted with hydroalcohol (30 : 70) to obtain hydroalcoholic extract of P. alba. This extract was further fractionated with solvents ethyl acetate and n-butanol to obtain EAPA and BPA, respectively. These fractions were tested against formaldehyde and Freunds complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis. Arthritis assessment, paw volume, body weight, motor incoordination, and nociceptive threshold were measured. On day 21, the animals were sacrificed and histopathology was done. Results. The 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of EAPA and BPA caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05–0.01) reduction in paw swelling in both models. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and spleen weight decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in arthritic rats treated with extracts. There was significant (P < 0.05) improvement in thymus weight in EAPA treated rats whereas significant (P < 0.01) improvement was also seen in haemoglobin level (Hb) in diclofenac treated group. Motor incoordination and nociceptive threshold were also significantly (P ≤ 0.05–0.01) improved. Conclusion. The present study suggests that Plumeria alba L. has protective activity against arthritis and supports the traditional use of P. alba for rheumatism and other inflammatory diseases.

REGULATIONS OF REGISTRATION AND IMPORT OF MEDICAL DEVICE IN INDIA

India is a huge market for medical devices and is increasing constantly for the last few years. The registration certificate and import license is mandatory for a manufacturer of India who wishes to import any medical device in India. If a company which wants to imports its medical devices in India does not have a registered office in India it needs Indian agent authorized by CDSCO, to do so. Duly filled form-10 is required to be submitted for import license, while form-44 duly filled is required to be submitted for marketing authorization of a new medical device or its re-registration. The review focuses on regulation concerned to the registration procedures import of a new medical device in India with latest amendments in the regulation concerned.

CHITOSAN LOADED MICROSPHERES OF TROPICAMIDE AS CONTROLLED RELEASE OF DRUG FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

CHITOSAN LOADED MICROSPHERES OF TROPICAMIDE AS CONTROLLED RELEASE OF DRUG FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Shweta Saini , Sandeep Kumar , Manjusha Choudhary , Nitesh , Vikaas Budhwar * Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. D. University, Rohtak, India Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India Faculty of Pharmacy, RP Educational Trust Group of Institutions, Karnal, India *Corresponding Author Email: vikaasbudhwar@yahoo.com

A COMPARISON OF NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT WITH DRUGS AND COSMETICS ACT: SALIENT DIFFERENCES

This article assesses the comparison of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS Act) with the Drug and Cosmetic Act (D & C Act) and also point out the salient features of NDPS Act. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 is a life-saving statue. It was enacted with an objective to regulate the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs and cosmetics without licensing. Domestic legislation for regulating narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in India has come in the form of NDPS Act, 1985, with an objective to limit the use of these substances and to prevent the abuse of these drugs. Both the aforesaid acts regulate narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances but the NDPS Act is special and strictest legislation for these substances. Stringent provisions of this act are examined in depth like minimum mandatory sentence of ten years and fine of one lakh rupees, offences are cognizable and non-bailable, consumption of drugs is also punishable offence, death sentence for certain repeat offences, attempt to commit an offence would be punishable with similar sentence as provided for that offence, power to tender immunity from prosecution, etc. In this article the authors provides some necessary recommendations in D & C Act on the basis of NDPS Act and also highlights some lacunas in both acts which need to be overcome.

Hypoglycaemic and Hypolipidemic Activity of Cassia occidentalis Linn. Stem Bark Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

 Collection of T.bellerica fruits in Jan-Feb 2015 (Voucher LWG 98572).  Fruits were grilled at 150 deg cent, extracted with 50% ethanol and the extract was partitioned into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions.  Phytochemical studies: 1. Estimation of phenols, flavonoids and tannins. 2. Non-targeted metabolic profile of ethyl acetate fraction (GC-MS) of dried (DF) & grilled fruits (GF). 3. HPTLC profile (gallic and ellagic acid).  In-vitro studies 1. DPPH free radical scavenging 2. Antilipid peroxidation assay 3. Antibacterial activity (E.coli).  In-vivo studies 1. Anti-diarrheal activity (castor oil induced diarrhea). 2. Antiulcer activity: aspirin induced, pylorus ligation induced and ethanol induced ulcer models. 3. Estimation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. (a) Inhibition of DPPH free radical; (b) IC50 of 50% ethanolic extract and successive fractions of dried and grilled fruits of T. bellerica a b Anti-lipid peroxidation using goat liver homogenate. Estimation of phenols, flavonoids and tannins

FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE TROPICAMIDE LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY

The present research work deals with the formulation and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles containing Tropicamide drug. The goal of present work is to enhance the residence time of drug in eye, enhancing bioavailability and reducing dosing frequency. The nanoparticles were formulated by ionic gelation method using chitosan as polymer and sodium TPP as cross-polymer. Nanoparticles were optimized using (2 2 ) factorial design and characterized by their particle size analysis, drug entrapment efficiency and percentage yield. In-vitro drug release studies were performed with Modified Franz Diffusion Cell. The nanoparticles formed were spherical in shape and size ranged between 402.4 nm to 604.5 nm. Drug entrapment efficiency, percentage drug release of optimized formulation was found to be 54.9% and 30.44% respectively. The drug release pattern of nanoparticles revealed its sustained release properties. The results of present work reveal that nanoparticles are promising drug delivery for enhancing the residence time by mucoadhesion which leads to enhancement of bioavailability of the tropicamide drug.