Manoj Duhan

Evaluation of correlation properties of Orthogonal spreading codes for CDMA wireless mobile communication

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is the predominant multiple access technology for future generation wireless systems. The performance of CDMA based wireless systems is largely based on the characteristics of user specific spreading codes. The objective of this paper is to highlight the various factors affecting the choice of these spreading codes and present a comparative evaluation of correlation properties of Orthogonal Gold codes, Orthogonal Golay complementary sequences and Walsh-Hadamard codes for application to next generation CDMA based wireless mobile systems.

Enhancing LZW Algorithm to Increase Overall Performance

We are proposing enhancements in one of the most popular data compression algorithm named LZW algorithm to increase overall performance of the algorithm. We have achieved this by applying three modification schemes to LZW algorithm. First two enhancement schemes eliminate the frequent flushing of dictionary, thus lowering processing time and third enhancement improves the compression ratio by reducing number of bits transferred over the communication channel

Applications of recent metaheuristics optimisation algorithms in biomedical engineering: a review

With the increasing complexity of real-world optimisation problems, researchers from various domains of engineering sciences are constantly looking for accurate, fast and robust optimisers. Over the past few decades, studies on Metaheuristic Optimisation Algorithms (MOA) have shown that these methods can be efficiently used to eliminate most of the difficulties of classical methods. These algorithms have inherent capability to explore a large region of the solution space, are computationally robust and efficient, and can avoid premature convergence. This paper reviews some of the applications of three new algorithms, i.e. biogeography-based optimisation, cuckoo search and bat algorithm, in various domains of biomedical engineering, namely clinical diagnosis, biomedical instrumentation, artificial neural networks, biomedical image processing, bioelectronics, biological control system and biomechanics, and show how these fields have benefitted from the use of these recently introduced MOA based on evolution...

Study of signal processing techniques for EMG analysis

Digital signal processing (DSP) can be used for biomedical signal processing applications like EMG, EEG and ECG, etc. With the help of biomedical instruments, the signal acquired from the body of human beings require advanced methodology for detection, decomposition, processing and classification of all biomedical signal. The EMG signal is stochastic in nature and it becomes difficult to quantify and interpret the processed signal. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the various methodologies of DSP for EMG signal processing to provide efficient and effective ways of understanding the signal and its nature.

Comparative study of mobile phone emitted EM waves on human brain at different charging levels

Vast advances in communication technology have made mobile phone an important gadget of the 21st century. Nowadays, mobile phone is a necessary evil. Now teenagers start using mobile phones at the school level and it shows mobile phone playing a vital role in everyday life. This increased popularity and demand of mobile phone has raised concern about possible interaction between the Electromagnetic (EM) field radiation and human being. This has been found that EM radiations emitted by mobile phones can cause genetic damage, tumours, memory loss, increased blood pressure and weakening of the immune system, headache, increased heart attack rate, skin cancer, sleep disorder, etc. This paper discusses the experimental findings conducted to study the effect of EM radiations emitted from the mobile phone (GSM GT S7392) at different battery level towards human brain. This experiment was conducted to examine whether there is any difference in radiation pattern emitted from a mobile handset at different battery levels, namely at high and low battery levels. Electroencephalogram machine is used to monitor and capture the brain signals at different stimuli. The experimental findings show that the effect of mobile phone emitted EM radiations is more intense at low battery level; especially during ringing mode, P3-O1 and T5-O1 channels are more affected and when call is ongoing, P4-O2 and T6-O2 channels are severely affected.

Reduction of electromagnetic radiation from GSM mobile phone on human brain by the use of Bluetooth headset and earphone

Technology is considered to be the mount to climb up and attain the desired degree of development in a society. Man has been trying to facilitate his life through inventions and innovation. He invaded telecommunication system which leads to invention of mobile phones. In recent years, usage of mobile phone increased drastically. Since the mobile phone comes close to the head, concern about adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on the nervous system increased and this badly affects the human brain. This paper discussed on the analysis done to study the reduced effect of electromagnetic radiation on human brain from mobile phone when we used Bluetooth headset and earphone. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using five volunteers. The mobile phone used is consist of GSM 2G technology. The period of operation is 10 minutes as talking time on the phone. Electroencephalogram is method which is used to monitor and capture the brain signals during the experimental analysis for 10 minutes interval. The result shows that the effects of electromagnetic radiations are reduced more for earphone use than the Bluetooth headset.

Impact of communication technology on human brain activity: mobile phone vs. landline phone

The trend towards wireless replacement of wired service is unmistakable. With the decline in the relative cost of wireless technology and rapidly changing telecommunication infrastructure, customers will shift usage to a more convenient wireless access. Hence, mobile phone communication (wireless) is replacing traditional wired landline phones. With current high demand and anticipated further increase in usage of mobile phones, has led to renewed interest and considerable research effort to study the interaction between electromagnetic (EM) radiations emitted from mobile handsets and the human body. This paper discusses experimental findings conducted to study the effect of EM radiation from currently used wireless (GSM and CDMA) and wired technologies on human brain activity. The results show that GSM operated mobile phones effect the temporal and occipital regions of the brain most. It was found that human brain activity increases by a factor of 8 when compared with CDMA phones and this effect is 50 times greater when compared with landline phone.