Manop Sriuttha

Heavy metal accumulation in aquatic animals around the gold mine area of Loei province, Thailand

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to assess the water quality and the contamination of heavy metals in water, sediment, fish, and frogs, as well as bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in fish and frogs around the gold mine area. The water samples were analyzed for water quality (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen). The samples were analyzed for heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The water quality was within the standard. The concentrations of heavy metals, including As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu, in water and sediment samples were measured. Three species of fish were collected: Rasbora tornieri, Brachydanio albolineata, and Systomus rubripinnis. The mean heavy metal concentrations of fish were as follows: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cr>Ni>Cu>As>Pb>Cd. The As, Cr, and Pb concentrations in all the fish species exceeded the standard levels. Five species of frogs were collected: Kaloula pulchra, Microhyla heymonsi, Fejervarya limnocharis, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and Microhyla pulchra. The mean heavy metal concentrations of frog were as follows: Fe>Cu>Mn>Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd>As. The Cr, Cd, and Cu concentrations exceeded the standard levels. The BAFs in fish were in order of Cr>Zn>Ni>Cu>Pb>Fe>Cd>As. The BAFs in frogs were Cr>Zn>Ni>Cu>Fe>Pb>Cd>As. The accumulation of heavy metals was higher in the sediment than in the water. Many aquatic organisms take up heavy metals directly from the environment around the gold mine.

Bioaccumulation of arsenic in aquatic plants and animals near a municipal landfill

Abstract This study was conducted to assess the water quality and arsenic (As) concentrations in water, sediment, aquatic plants and animals near a municipal landfill. The As concentration in the samples was analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Thirty-six aquatic plants of four species were collected. The highest As concentration was found in Limnocharis flava (0.78 ± 0.31 mg/kg). The aquatic animals included 31 fish of four species and 27 freshwater snails of three species. The highest As concentrations in the fish and freshwater snails were found in Oreochromis niloticus (0.16 ± 0.16 mg/kg) and Filopaludina sumatrensis (0.18 ± 0.06 mg/kg), respectively. The highest bioaccumulation factor of As in the aquatic plants, fish and freshwater snails were found in L. flava (131.30 ± 15.35), O. niloticus (228.21 ± 26.99) and F. sumatrensis (33.04 ± 10.58), respectively. Since the accumulation of As was higher in the sediment than in the water, aquatic plants and animals took up As directly from the environment, resulting in As accumulation in the aquatic food web.

Cadmium, chromium, and lead accumulation in aquatic plants and animals near a municipal landfill

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to assess the contamination of heavy metals in the water, sediment, aquatic plants and animals around a municipal landfill. The heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in water and sediment were Not detected (ND), 0.05 ± 0.98, and 0.02 ± 0.01 mg/L; and 0.47 ± 0.23, 18.65 ± 11.39, and 5.36 ± 2.08 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 24 aquatic plants from 4 species were collected from the municipal landfill. Cd concentrations in all plant species were within the standard, while Cr and Pb exceeded the standard. Forty-four fish from 4 species, 29 freshwater snails from 3 species, 10 freshwater prawns from 1 species, and 9 freshwater crabs from 1 species were collected. Cd and Cr concentrations in 2 species of fish samples exceeded the standard and Pb concentration in all fish species exceeded the standard. Cd and Pb concentrations in all freshwater snails were within the standard, except Cr. Meanwhile, Cd and Pb in freshwater prawns and snails were within the standard, except Cr. Five species of frogs were collected. Cd and Cr concentrations in 2 species exceeded the standard. Pb concentrations in all frog species exceeded the standard. The pattern of metal accumulation was fish > frogs > freshwater snails > freshwater prawns = freshwater crab (Cd), freshwater prawn > frogs > freshwater crab = freshwater snail > fish (Cr), and freshwater prawn > fish > frogs > freshwater snail > freshwater crab (Pb).

Cytotoxic assessment of flying barb fish (Esomus metallicus) from a gold mine area with heavy metal contamination

Abstract This study aimed to investigate contamination by heavy metals including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) and to conduct a cytotoxic assessment of Esomus metallicus from a gold mine area compared with that from the non-affected area. The E. metallicus samples were collected downstream of a gold mine area. The heavy metal concentrations were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The average amounts of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Mn in water and E. metallicus samples from the gold mine area were 0.368 ± 0.009, 0.008 ± 0.006, 0.009 ± 0.001, 0.006 ± 0.002, 1.438 ± 0.058 mg/L, 0.65 ± 0.25, 0.03 ± 0.03, 2.12 ± 0.05, 0.25 ± 0.07 and 18.28 ± 6.82 mg/kg, respectively. The difference of As, Cr and Mn concentrations in E. metallicus samples between gold mine and non-affected areas was statistically significant (p < 0.05) except for Cd and Pb. The diploid chromosome number of E. metallicus from both areas was 2n = 50. There are six types of chromosomal aberrations including centric fragmentation (CF), centric gap (CG), single chromatid gap (SCG), fragmentation (F), deletion (D) and polyploidy (P). The most common chromosomal aberration type in the samples from the gold mine area was CG, and the difference in chromosomal aberration and the number of cells with chromosomal aberrations in E. metallicus between the study areas was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The percentages of chromosomal aberrations in the E. metallicus samples from gold mine and non-affected areas were 14.66 and 3.00, respectively.