Manuel García Ramírez

Social support and locus of control as predictors of psychological well-being in Moroccan and Peruvian immigrant women in Spain

Abstract The effects of social support and locus of control on the psychological well-being in a sample of 160 women were analyzed: two groups of immigrants—Moroccan ( n =50) and Peruvian ( n =55)—and a comparison group of Spanish women ( n =55). Two regression analyses were carried out using five social support variables, two demographic variables and locus of control as predictors. The best predictors of psychological well-being were the number of Spaniards in the support network and their perception of personal control. Two analyses of covariance were used to determine the modulating character of nationality and marital status in the relation between social and personal resources and well-being, with an interactive effect being observed between nationality and marital status. Among Moroccan women, married women were perceived as less well-being than single women, the opposite of that found in the other two groups.

UNA TIPOLOGÍA ANALÍTICA DE LAS REDES DE APOYO SOCIAL EN INMIGRANTES AFRICANOS EN ANDALUCÍA

Se elabora una clasificacion de las redes de apoyo social de inmigrantes africanos en Andalucia. Para ello se empleo un analisis de conglomerados con varias variables: el tamano, la composicion, la disponibilidad, la utilizacion y la capacidad de la red de apoyo social. Con un grupo de 600 inmigrantes africanos, se obtuvieron cuatro categorias: pequenas redes de compatriotas amigos; redes insuficientes; redes de tamano medio compuestas por espanoles y compatriotas amigos; redes de tamano medio de familiares. La tipologia sirve para distinguir niveles de bienestar psicologico, tipos de utilizacion de servicios y otras caracteristicas sociales, demograficas y psicologicas.

La perspectiva psicosocial en la conceptualización del apoyo social

ResumenLa importante evidencia empirica a favor de una relacion positiva entre el apoyo social y la salud y el bienestar de los individuos no oculta, sin embargo, la existencia de problemas conceptuales, teoricos y metodologicos en torno a este importante topica de la Psicologia Social. En el presente trabajo se analizan algunos de esos problemas y se aborda la naturaleza del apoyo social desde una perspectiva integradora que tiene en cuenta una triple dimension: la estructural, que contempla los aspectos morfologicos; la contextual, en la que se examina el denominado Sistema de Apoyo Social; y por ultimo la dimension procesal en la que se analiza la conducta misma de apoyo.

Percepción y experiencias en el acceso y el uso de los servicios sanitarios en población inmigrante

Objective: To identify and describe the needs and problems of the immigrant population related to access and utilization of health services. Method: A descriptive, qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted using focus groups. The study area was the county of Campo de Gibraltar (Spain), which represents the gateway to Europe for immigration from Africa. The final sample size (51 immigrants from 11 countries) was determined by theoretical saturation. A narrative analysis was conducted with QSR NVivo9 software. Results: Immigrants’ discourse showed four categories of analysis: response to a health problem, system access, knowledge of social and health resources, and health literacy needs. Responses to health problems and the route of access to the health care system differed according to some sociodemographic characteristics (nationality/culture of origin, length of residence, and economic status). In general, immigrants primarily used emergency services, hampering health promotion and prevention. The health literacy needs identified concerned language proficiency and the functioning of the health system. Conclusions: There is a need to promote interventions to enhance health literacy among immigrants. These interventions should take into account diversity and length of residence, and should be based on an action-participation methodology.