Manuel Garza-León

Toxoplasmosis in pediatric patients.

Uveitis in childhood is less common than in adults, with reported frequencies in the literature varying between 2% and 30% of all uveitis patients. The annual prevalence of uveitis among children has been estimated to be 4.3 to 6.8 per 100,000 population in North America and 27.9 per 100,000 population in Europe. Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is caused by infection with the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii is found all around the world, however its prevalence differs in different countries. In France, 90% of pregnant women have a history of contact with the parasite; in some states of Brazil, nearly 90% of the population has been exposed. In the United States, seropositivity is close to 25% and in Mexico between 19.5% and 32% of the population has IgG antibodies directed against T. gondii. OT is the most common cause of posterior uveitis in many countries. Toxoplasmosis represents 85% of the posterior uveitis cases in southern Brazil and 25% of posterior uveitis cases in the United States. In the United States, OT was found in 3.3% of pediatric uveitis cases, whereas in a report from Israel 8.05% of children with uveitis had toxoplasmosis, and in Tunisia toxoplasmosis was the most frequent cause of infectious childhood uveitis in a referral center with a rate of 14.1%.

Prevalence of ocular surface disease symptoms and risk factors in group of university students in Monterrey, Mexico.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms of ocular surface disease and its relationship with associated risk factors in students from the University of Monterrey using Ocular Surface Disease (OSDI) questionnaire.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and December 2014 to assess the prevalence and risk factors for ocular surface disease in a group of students from Universidad de Monterrey in Monterrey, Mexico. The severity of the disease was measured via the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire.ResultsThe OSDI average value was 26.85 ± 20.79 points, with 70.4% of students (579) had OSDI score higher than 12 points. Women had ocular surface disease 1.63 times more than men (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13,1.48). Students who used ophthalmic drops have an OR 2.00 (95% CI 1.65,2.40), and students who smoke have an OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.06,1.46). Use of contact lenses, hours in front of computer or history of refractive surgery has low-estimated effect on the probability of presenting an ocular disease.ConclusionsUniversity students have a prevalence of 70.4% of ocular surface disease (OSD). OSD was associated with gender (women have a higher prevalence), smoking and the use of eye drops. A program to modify these risk factors to reduce the prevalence is needed.

Refractive changes in patients with autoimmune scleritis

IntroductionScleritis is a severe inflammatory disease characterized byedema and inflammatory cell infiltration of the sclera [1, 2].Without treatment, the condition may be progressivelydestructive, leading sometimes to loss of vision or loss ofthe eye [1, 2].About 30–50% of all scleritis patients have an associatedsystemic disease [1]. Most common associations are:rheumatoid arthritis (50–60%) and primary systemic vas-culitis like Wegener’s granulomatosis (20%) followed byinflammatory bowel disease (15%) [1].Complications have been reported in almost 60% ofscleritis patients [1, 2]. In their series, Jabs et al. founddecreased visual acuity in 15.9% of patients during theinactive phase of the disease [1]. Sainz de la Maza et al.described this complication in 37% of their patients [2].Some authors have reported transient myopia during theacute phase of anterior diffuse [3] and necrotizing scleritis[4]. In one report transient myopia developed after cataractsurgery in a patient with necrotizing scleritis [5]. Secondaryastigmatism in patients with necrotizing scleritis has alsobeen found. The authors associated this finding to scleralthinning [6].To the best of our knowledge, no attempt to systemat-ically characterize the refractive changes associated toscleritis has been done. Our purpose was to determine theclinical characteristic, scleral rigidity, and refractivechanges in a cohort of scleritis patients who were followedup since admittance until resolution of inflammation.Material and methodsThis protocol was reviewed and approval by the hospitalethics committee and has been performed in accordancewith the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declara-tion of Helsinki. All the patients gave their informedconsent prior to their inclusion in the study.We included patients of the Inflammatory Eye DiseasesClinic of the “Dr. Luis Sanchez Bulnes” Hospital, with adiagnosis of noninfectious active anterior scleritis with orwithout associated systemic disease. Immunosuppressivetreatment was prescribed according to the associateddisease. All patients signed an informed consent form tobe included in the study. Demographic data of patients wereobtained. Type and location of scleral inflammation andassociated systemic disease were also recorded. Bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical and cylindricalerror, intraocular pressure (IOP), and scleral rigidity weremeasured. Initially, an auto-refraction was made (TopconRM-A2300) followed by a mono-ocular subjective refrac-tion with Snellen chart, spherical power was determining bythe red–green test, and the cylinder by the cross cylindertechnique. Because all the patients were adult, cycloplegicrefraction was not realized. The scleral rigidity coefficientwas determinate according to Friedenwald’s nomogramusing a Schiotz tonometer [7]. Briefly, after 15 min onsupine decubitus and previous application of topical

The first 120 years of the Mexican Journal of Ophtalmology

Correspondencia: *Manuel A. Garza-León Miguel Hidalgo, 2425 Col. Obispado C.P. 64060, Monterrey, N.L., México E-mail: dr.manuel.garza@gmail.com Disponible en internet: 05-09-2018 Rev Mex Oftalmol. 2018;92(2):225-226 www.rmo.com.mx Fecha de recepción: 18-07-2018 Fecha de aceptación: 25-07-2018 DOI: 10.24875/RMO.M18000046 0187-4519/© 2018 Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología. Publicado por Permanyer México. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). «Todos los grandes logros requieren tiempo»

Los primeros 120 años de la Revista Mexicana de Oftalmología

Correspondence: *Manuel A. Garza-León Miguel Hidalgo, 2425 Col. Obispado C.P. 64060, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico E-mail: dr.manuel.garza@gmail.com Available online: 17-09-2018 Rev Mex Oftalmol (Eng). 2018;92(5):194-195 www.rmo.com.mx Date of reception: 18-07-2018 Date of acceptance: 25-07-2018 DOI: 10.24875/RMOE.M18000025 2604-1731/© 2018 Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología. Published by Permanyer México SA de CV. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). “All great achievements require time” Maya Angelou

Corneal ectasia secondary to peripheral endotheliopathy in a patient with classic pars planitis

PurposeTo report a case of corneal ectasia secondary to pars planitis corneal endotheliopathyMethodsClinical case description and proposed hypothesis regarding development of corneal ectasiaResultsEight-year-old male presented with 360° peripheral corneal endotheliopathy and edema, granulomatous keratic precipitates, and mild iritis OD. A progressive corneal ectasia then developed. Twenty months later, OS presented similarly and anterior chamber inflammatory cells, vitreous snowballs, and retinal vasculitis were observed OU. Classic pars planitis was diagnosedConclusionThis is the first case of endotheliopathy as the first manifestation of pars planitis and as a cause of a secondary central cornea ectasia developed