Manuel Izquierdo

CD38 ligation results in activation of the Raf-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase and the CD3-zeta/zeta-associated protein-70 signaling pathways in Jurkat T lymphocytes.

The effect of thermal annealing of charoite silicate K5 Ca8 (Si6O15) (Si2O7) (Si4O9) (OH)·3H2O have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and thermoluminescence (TL). The chemical composition, analysed under electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), indicates significant amounts of Na, Ba, Fe and F and the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) results show impurities of unusual minerals such as tinaksite and aegirine. The cell parameters of both natural and preheated charoite, determined by XRD, are (i) a=[A] 19.786(2); b=[A] 32.003(3); c=[A] 7.8565(9); α=90o; β=97.159o; γ=90o with a Snyder FOM of 7.1932 for the non-annealed sample and (ii) a=[A] 19.567(2); b=[A] 31.821(3); c=[A] 7.1171(7); α=90o; β=94.000o(2); γ=90o; Snyders FOM 6.2637 for the preheated charoite. The thermal effect supposes an axes shortening, of Δa=0.219[A](2); Δb=0.182 [A]; Δc=0.7394 [A] and the β angle tilts only 3.159o. The DTA-TG and TL emission suggest: (i) a thermal gap of 80oC-290oC explained by charoite dehydration of different types of waters, i.e. hydrogen-Este trabajo esta financiado por un proyecto MAT2000-1361-C04- 01 del CICYT. O. Garcia y C. Gomez desean agradecer a la Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid (CAM) la financiacion de su beca postdoctoral.An accurate and precise morphometric modelling can be extended to past eruptions after a careful paleogeomorphological reconstruction of volcanic landforms in a setting of oceanic island. This reconstruction was used to create contour maps to derive the pre-, post-eruption and present-day digital elevation models (DEM). The right pixel size, interpolation method and quality of these DEMs were discussed. The process in a GIS framework of the geological information of cone, lava flow and tephra fall deposits together and the before-mentioned DEMs allowed determining the main morphological features of these volcanic landforms and their derivatives (e.g., eruption volume and pre-eruption slopes). The criteria needed to obtain accurate and precise measurements of the currently used morphometric parameters were defined. The calibration and validation of the morphometric modelling was performed on simulated volcanic landforms. The verification of the procedures was carried out on El Lentiscal volcano, a typical monogenetic basaltic eruption at Gran Canaria Island (Spain), the erosional history of which is in the first step of degradation. The proposed morphometric modelling is of general interest due to it is applicable to other geotectonic settings in the Earth and in the other inner planets of the Solar System.El presente trabajo ha sido realizado dentro de los proyectos CICYT MAT-97-0679-CO2-01 y MAT-97-0694-CO2-01.+. Albite sodium feldspar is studied by thermoluminescent methods using the blue region of the spectra (circa 400nm) and the possible uses as a dosimeter are explored. The light emission of the spectra bands of natural and irradiated albite under X and gamma rays are determined using automated RISO thermoluminescence equipment. Albite is a potential material to be used as retrospective dosimeter due to its good blue thermoluminescence characteristics in good agreement with the dosimetric requirements. It is sensitive to radiation, possesses a good linearity (0.06-8Gy), shows an acceptable stability in time, it is highly reproducible and can detect low levels of dose (60mGy). The TL glow curves emission exhibit a very complex structure associated to a continuous trap distribution. This behaviour could be explained as a consequence of a dynamic creation-annihilation of a [AlO 4 /alkali] + and [AlO 4 ] o centres.This work was supported by the “Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia” (CICYT-EU Spanish Government) under project AGL2010-15494/ALI, partially financed by European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) and Junta de Andalucia through financial support to group AGR-125. We also thank Elena Nogales Hernandez for technical assistance2 Pags. Trabajo originalmente presentado por los autores, en forma de Poster, en el VII Congreso de Mejora Genetica de Plantas (Zaragoza. 16-18 de septiembre de 2014)El presente trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por la Caja General de Ahorros de Canarias (Caja Canarias) y por el proyecto CGL2005-00239/BTE de la CICYT.A pesar de las similitudes cristaloquimicas entre los iones de cobre y los de plata, no existe ningun oxido mixto de cobre y plata ni natural ni sintetico. En este trabajo se presenta la sintesis a bajas temperaturas del primer oxido mixto de cobre y plata, de formula Ag2Cu2O3 (tetragonal, a=5.8857(3)A, c=10.6868(7)A, grupo espacial I41/amd, Z=4). Este oxido posee una estabilidad termica superior a los correspondientes oxidos de cobre y de plata. Contiene cadenas de iones Cu(II) cuadrado-planos que alternan con cadenas en zig-zag de Ag(I) con coordinacion lineal.Trabajo presentado en el KAAB International Symposium: Frontiers in Plant Science and Biotechnology, organizado por Kariwa Village Agro-Biotechnological Research Center, Niigata University y celebrado en dicha universidad el 29 de septiembre de 2014Plant transformation with tobamovirus replicase gene sequences is one of a number of available strategies for the potential control of tobamovirus disease. In most cases, a complete, near immunity type of resistance can be induced in plants transformed with fragments or modified forms of the viral replicase gene and the strong resistance is exhibited against high concentrations of both virus and viral RNA inoculum. However, the transgenic plant exhibits a relatively narrow resistance spectrum, manifested only against the virus from which the transgene is derived or against very closely related virus strains. A more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in replicasemediated transgenic resistance against tobamoviruses is needed, in order to increase its efficacy and reduce or eliminate the biosafety concerns related to its use in agriculture as a biotechnological tool for crop protection.Retention of the substituted urea herbicide thiazafluron (1, 3-dimethyl-1-(5-trifluoromethyl1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yllureal by surface horizons of 6 soils of Southern Spain has been investigated. Soil retention has been expressed as the soil/water distribution coefficient Kd, calculated at 2 different thiazafluron solution concentration: Ci 0.05 and Ci = 0.5 m). Distribution coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 4.39 (Ci = 0.05 mM) and from 0.38 to 3.39 (Ci 0.5 mM) mmole adsorbed IKg soil/mmole dissolved/L solution. Soil clay content, and specially soil iHite content, appeared to be the most important single factors affecting thiazafluron adsorption by soils.4 paginas, 5 figuras, 4 tablas.-- Comunicacion oral presentada al Kautschuk-Herbst-Kolloquium (KHK) celebrado en Hannover (Alemania/2004).Trabajo presentado al IX Congreso Nacional de Investigacion Enologica (GIENOL) celebrado en Badajoz del 29 de mayo al 1 de junio de 2007.espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue optimizar el angulo de posicionamiento del sensor Kinect para la reconstruccion de la estructura tridimensional de Xanthium strumarium L., Datura stramonium L. y Chenopodium album L., utilizando para ello algoritmos que permiten la captura y combinacion de imagenes de profundidad y RGB. Se han comparado diferentes angulos, fijando en cada uno de ellos el sensor Kinect de forma estatica respecto de la planta objetivo. Los resultados han confirmado la correlacion entre la biomasa de malas hierbas y el area estimada con el sensor. La estimacion de la altura de las plantas tambien fue adecuada, con una media de 2cm de error dependiendo de la posicion del sensor. Sin embargo, aunque el sensor ha mostrado su capacidad para la creacion de modelos tridimensionales, el adecuado posicionamiento del sensor es fundamental para la correcta reconstruccion de plantas. La posicion ideal del sensor debe ser elegida de acuerdo a la especie a medir y su estado fenologico. Estos resultados sugieren que Kinect es una herramienta util para caracterizar de forma rapida y fiable las malas hierbas, con importantes ventajas sobre otros sensores debido a su bajo coste, bajo requerimiento energetico y alta frecuencia de transmision de imagenes EnglishThe objective of this study was to optimize the positioning angle of a Kinect sensor for reconstructing the three dimensional structure of weeds, using Kinect fusion algorithms to generate a 3D point cloud from the depth video stream. The sensor was mounted in different positions facing the plant in order to obtain depth (RGB-D) images from different angles. The results confirmed the correlation between ground truth (e. g. weed biomass) and the measured area with Kinect. In addition, plant height was accurately estimated with a few centimeters error. However, although the Kinect sensor has shown its ability for plant reconstruction, proper positioning of the sensor is critical for correct reconstruction of plants. The best position of the sensor must be chosen according to the species to be measured and their growth stage. These results suggest that Kinect is a promising tool for a rapid and reliable weed characterization, with several important advantages such as low cost, low power requirement and a high frame rate.289 paginas.-- Mencion Internacional titulo de Doctor-- Tutor: Fernandez Boy, E. Dra. profesora titular de la Universidad de SevillaPlan Nacional de I+D+I 2004-2007 proyectos ref. HUM 2004-04861-C02 y C03), y HUM2004-03121/HISTEste trabajo ha sido realizado dentro de un proyecto financiado por la Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Espana (CICYT, Proyecto Ref. MAT2002-03891).Utilizado la informacion suministrada por el diagrama de equilibrio de fases Al2O3-MgO-CaO se ha disenado y obtenido un material de Al2O3-MgAl2O4-CaAl12O19-Ca2Mg2Al28O46 mediante sinterizacion reactiva de una mezcla de Al2O3 y CaMg(CO3)2. Las reacciones que tienen lugar en la mezcla durante el proceso se han estudiado usando tecnicas de analisis termico diferencial, termogravimetrico y dilatometria. Muestras reaccionadas a temperaturas seleccionadas se han estudiado por difraccion de rayos X y microscopia electronica de barrido con microanalisis mediante dispersion de energias. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la reaccion entre las materias primas tiene lugar en varias etapas con formacion de fases transitorias, dando lugar a una microestructura final con granos aciculares de CaAl12O19 y particulas de la fase ternaria Ca2Mg2Al28O46 formadas en aquellos puntos en los que entran en contacto las fases de MgAl2O4 y CaAl12O19.53 paginas.-- Memoria presentada al XXXIV Curso Internacional de Edafologia y Biologia VegetalResumen del trabajo presentado a la IX Reunion de la Red Espanola de Levaduras celebrada en El Escorial (Madrid) en 2013.Lead zirconate titanate ceramic powders have been surface modified by using phosphor esther 0.3% in volume. The phosphorous modification gave higher densities at lower temperatures associated with a reduction of the weight losses during the densification process. From the relationships between ceramic processing and microstructure, it was established that the phosphorous surface modification allows the effective grain growth control as well a higher homogeneity in the grain size distribution.Ceramic materials based on BaTiO 3 modified with small amounts of antimony show interesting electric properties which make them valuable for electronic industry. These properties depend on the microstructure of the material, which is controlled by both the dopant concentration and the doping process. The aim of the present work is to study the microstructure development of Sb-doped BaTiO 3 materials for concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.6 mol%. Doping was carried out following two different methods, the traditional mixing of oxides and surface doping starting from Sb(O(CH) 3 CH 3 ) 3 . Materials sintered between 1300-1400°C show quite different microstructure. For surface doped materials, a Sb 2 O 3 concentration of 0.05 mol% leads to well densified materials with homogeneous fine-grained microstructure. On the other hand, the traditional oxide doped materials show exaggerated grain growth.Comunicacion oral dada en la XXIII Reunion de la Sociedad Espanola de Arcillas que tuvo lugar en Toledo (Espana) del 10 al 12 de septiembre de 2014.En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto que tienen las condiciones de tratamiento termico (entre 1350 y 1650oC) en la reaccion de formacion Al2TiO5, a partir de la mezcla equimolar de polvos finos (diametro promedio < 0.5�Em) de alumina y titania de elevada pureza. Se ha determinado la influencia de las condiciones de tratamiento termico en el grado de reaccion de formacion del Al2TiO5, el tamano de las celdas de Al2TiO5 formadas y en la eficiencia de la posterior molienda de los materiales. Los compactos preparados a partir de la mezcla de los polvos, fueron prensados isostaticamente. Parte de los compactos fueron tratados termicamente utilizando isotermas en el margen de temperaturas de 1350 y 1650oC. Otros compactos fueron sometidos a un tratamiento termico en dos etapas, tratados entre 1350 y 1500oC y, a continuacion se procedio a su molienda, posterior prensado y tratamiento utilizando isotermas a 1600oC. La evolucion de la reaccion se estudio mediante las tecnicas de difraccion de rayos X, microscopia optica y microscopia electronica de barrido. El estudio de la eficiencia de molienda se llevo a cabo mediante un analizador de tamano de particulas laser. Los resultados obtenidos indican la evolucion de la reaccion desde una matriz no reaccionada en compactos tratados a 1350��C, hasta la reaccion practicamente completa, salvo la presencia de particulas aisladas de alumina dentro de la matriz de Al2TiO5, en compactos tratados a 1650��C. El tipo de microestructura del Al2TiO5 formado, determinada por el tratamiento termico, afecta al posterior proceso de molienda de los materiales de Al2TiO5Se ha analizado el comportamiento tribologico de materiales de Si3N4 y de compuestos Si3N4/SiC, desde temperatura ambiente hasta 700oC y en el rango de velocidades 0.5-2 m/s. Los materiales se han preparado mediante prensado en caliente a 1750oC en atmosfera de nitrogeno, variando el contenido en fase �?- Si3N4, el tamano medio de grano, y la morfologia de las particulas de SiC adicionadas. Los ensayos se han realizado en pares homologos utilizando un tribometro del tipo punta sobre disco, sin lubricacion y a una carga constante de 5 N. Las superficies de desgaste de las puntas y los discos se observaron en un microscopio electronico de barrido con capacidad analitica (MEB-EDX). Los residuos generados durante los ensayos se analizaron mediante MEB-EDX y difraccion de rayos X (DRX). Los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos daban valores de coeficiente de friccion, f, y de desgaste, K, superiores a 0.3 y 10-6 mm3N-1m-1, respectivamente. El mecanismo de desgaste predominante dependia de la microestructura y de las propiedades mecanicas del material ensayado.Abstract The role of integration host factor (IHF) in the regulation of the sigma 54-dependent promoter Pu of the TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida has been examined. We have selected in vivo insertions of intrinsically curved DNA that restore the responsiveness of an IHF-binding site deletion variant of Pu to the cognate activator of the system, XylR. We found five Pu derivatives which had inserted a core sequence with 6 phased [A]6 tracts, flanked by different lengths of DNA at the location of the former IHF site. They displayed 40-100% of the activity of Pu, were independent of IHF, and maintained the overall geometry of the wild-type promoter. The induction patterns of Pu, compared to those of hybrid promoters, were virtually indistinguishable. This supports the notion that, in native conditions, IHF co-regulates the system by providing a structural aid for promoter architecture and not by interacting directly with the RNA polymerase, as it has been suggested with other known IHF-dependent promoters.Distribution coefficients oftwo organic contaminants, Ibe anionie herbicide alloxydim and Ibe polar compound nitrophenol, showed Ibat organic elays are good sorbents from water, through combination ofbolb hydrophobic and polar interaclions between organic contaminants and interlayer alkylammonium. Primary alkylammonium showed better efficiency Iban quaternary one, suggesting H-bonds between -NH and polar contaminants.Trabajo presentado al IX Congreso Nacional de Investigacion Enologica (GIENOL) celebrado en Badajoz del 29 de mayo al 1 de junio de 2007.The nucleotide sequences of the hpaB and hpaC genes encoding the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase from Escherichia coli W ATCC 11105 have been determined. These genes appear to be part of an operon and encode two proteins of 58,781 and 18,679 Da, respectively, that are required for hydroxylase activity. This aromatic hydroxylase is NADH-dependent and uses FAD as the redox chromophore. The largest component (HpaB) has been purified by affinity chromatography in Cibacron blue. E. coli cells that express exclusively hpaB showed only a very low hydroxylase activity that was enhanced in the presence of extracts containing the smallest protein HpaC. This behavior resembles that of the coupling protein of the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida, and it might prevent the wasteful oxidation of NADH in the absence of substrate. Using a promoter-probe plasmid we have demonstrated that the hpaBC operon is expressed by a promoter inducible by 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. A gene, named hpaA, encoding a protein homologous to the XylS/AraC family of regulators, was identified upstream of the hydroxylase operon. The role played by HpaA in the regulation of the hpaBC operon remains to be elucidated. Since HpaB is not homologous to other aromatic hydroxylases, we suggest that the E. coli 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase is the first member of a new family of two-component aromatic hydroxylases sequenced so far.Poster presentado en el XIII Congresso Luso-Espanhol de Fisiologia Vegetal, celebrado en Lisboa del 24 al 28 de julio de 2013.6 paginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla, 19 referencias.-- XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on CLIMWATER 2010: Horticultural Use of Water in a Changing Climate. Lisboa, Portugal.In the present work, the theory of charge transport through active interfaces is used to study the electronic properties of ZnO-based varistors. It has been observed that for a certain range of sintering temperatures the microscopic electrical response of the material is constant, so that the macroscopic response is microstructure controlled. This allows controlling the functional response of the material with a high precision.1 .pdf copia del poster original (119 x 84 cm.) presentado por los autores. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).Alimentacion de la boga del Guadiana (Chondrostoma polylepis wi/lkommi, Stein. 1866) en la interfase rio-embalse de Sierra Boyera (Cordoba. Espana)Author wish to thank the financial support of this work to CICYT Project MAT2004-04843-C02-01.Desde finales de los anos sesenta, se ha despertado un gran interes por el uso de los materiales bioceramicos para aplicaciones biomedicas. En un trabajo previo, los autores hicieron una revision de los denominados materiales bioceramicos cristalinos en sentido estricto, es decir, de aquellos materiales, constituidos por compuestos inorganicos no metalicos, cristalinos y consolidados mediante tratamientos termicos a altas temperaturas. En el presente trabajo, los autores revisan el desarrollo de los vidrios bioactivos (biovidrios) y de las vitroceramicas bioactivas. Si bien todos ellos son obtenidos tambien por tratamiento termico a altas temperaturas, los primeros son amorfos y los segundos son obtenidos por desvitrificacion de un vidrio, si bien la fase vitrea normalmente predomina sobre las fases cristalinas. Despues de una introduccion al concepto de material bioactivo, se expone una breve revision historica del desarrollo de los vidrios bioactivos. A continuacion se describe su obtencion, reactividad en suero fisiologico artificial, mecanismo de union al tejido vivo y resistencia mecanica de la interfaz hueso-implante. Posteriormente, se expone el concepto de material vitroceramico y el proceso de su obtencion asi como tambien se describen los principales tipos de vidrios y vitroceramicos bioactivos (Bioglass®, Ceravital®, Cerabone®, Ilmaplant® and Bioverit®), sus composiciones, sus propiedades fisico-quimicas y sus comportamientos biologicos. Finalmente, se lleva a cabo tambien una corta revision de los recubrimientos con vidrios bioactivos y de los materiales compuestos (composites) bioactivos asi como de los usos mas comunes de los vidrios y vitroceramicos bioactivos.Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por la CICYT dentro del proyecto MAT-2000-0941. JMRM agradece al AECI la concesion de una beca.6 paginas, 4 tablas, 4 referencias.-- International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, celebrado del 23-27 de noviembre 1992, en Almeria, Espana.The following ceramic materials have been synthesized from the mixed oxides route: Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BIT), PbBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (PBIT), Pb 2 Bi 4 Ti 5 O 18 (P2BIT), Pb 3 Bi 4 Ti 6 O 21 (P3BIT). These materials belong to Aurivillius bismuth layers compounds family. In the present work the integration factor m has the values 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. These materials have been conventionally sintered between 1000 and 1150°C, and by hot forging between 850 and 1000°C in order to obtain textured samples. The temperature of maximum density increases with the lead content, and the grain size decreases. For these temperatures the density was higher than 93% of the theoretical density. The lattice parameters of these materials were calculated from XRD patterns, the results indicate lineal dependency among parameter c and m. The orientation degree of the crystallographic planes of the textured compounds were calculated by the Lotgering formula, values higher than 90% in the BIT, PBIT y P2BIT have been obtained, and only 52% for P3BIT.espanolEl moldeo por inyeccion ha recibido una importante atencion para la manufactura de piezas de formas complejas y precisas que no se podrian obtener por otros metodos. Sin embargo, esta tecnica implica el uso de vehiculos de transporte polime¬ricos que llevan asociados una serie de problemas que limitan su aplicacion, como son la elevada temperatura de trabajo (120o-200o C), la compleja y costosa maquinaria, la alta presion de inyeccion (7–150 MPa), el rapido desgaste de los moldes, los largos ciclos necesarios para la eliminacion del material organico, etc. Estas caracteristicas son las res¬ponsables del escaso auge industrial de este proceso, quedando solo al alcance de las grandes corporaciones. Una alternativa satisfactoria para reducir los costos y la complejidad del proceso es la Inyeccion a Baja Presion. Recientemente se ha comprobado la posibilidad de emplear esta tecnica haciendo uso de suspensiones acuosas, lo que facilita enormemente la manipulacion, simplifica la maquinaria y abarata significativamente los costos. Esta tecnica permite reducir el contenido de material polimerico hasta un 2-3 % vol., respecto al 20–50 % vol., tipicamente usado en la tecnica de alta presion, de manera que no se requiere un tratamiento especial para su eliminacion, disminuyendo considerablemente el nivel de rechazos. En este trabajo se describen las ventajas y limitaciones del proceso de moldeo por inyeccion a baja presion (LPIM) en agua y se analizan los parametros criticos, como son las propiedades reologicas de la suspension a la temperatura de inyeccion y la influencia del aditivo gelificante, para la obtencion de piezas de Al2O3. EnglishInjection moulding has received a significant attention for manufacturing of precise, complex shaped parts which could not be obtained by other methods. However, this technique implies the use of polimeric transport vehicles, associated to some problems that limit its use, such as the high working temperature (120°C-200°C), the complex and expensive machinery, the high injection pressures (7-150 MPa), the moulds corrosion, the long cycles for burning out, etc. These characteristics are the responsible for the low industrial use of this process, only available for big companies. An useful alternative to reduce costs and process complexity is the low pressure injection moulding. It has been stated that this technique can be used from aque¬ous suspensions, thus largely facilitating handling, machinery and reducing costs. This technique allows to decrease the con¬tent of polymeric materials down to 2-3 vol%, respect to 20-50 vol%, tipically employed in the high pressure technique, in such a way that it is not necessary a specific treatment for burning out, and then the number of rejected parts is lower. In this work, the advantages and limitations of the low pressure injection moulding (LPIM) process in water are descri¬bed focusing critical parameters for the obtention of alumina parts, such as the rheological properties of the suspension at the injection temperature and the influence of the gelling additive.x Pags. Tesis elaborada en la EEAD-CSIC y presentada en la Univ. Zaragoza, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra. Comprende ocho articulos cientificos.Una de las reacciones que tiene lugar durante la sinterizacion de varistores ceramicos basados en el sistema ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 es la formacion de la fase Zn7Sb2O12, de estructura tipo espinela, que ocurre en el intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre 900 y 1100oC, dependiendo de la composicion especifica del material. Esta fase es la responsable del control del crecimiento de grano y su distribucion en el seno del material como una segunda fase dispersa en la matriz mayoritaria de granos de ZnO determinara la cinetica del crecimiento de los granos. Sin embargo, el proceso de nucleacion y crecimiento de esta fase resulta dificil de controlar cuantitativamente, aspecto que se refleja en las caracteristicas finales del dispositivo varistor obtenido. En el presente trabajo se analiza el efecto de la incorporacion de la fase espinela previamente sintetizada a partir de los oxidos de zinc y antimonio. El analisis mediante Microscopia Electronica de Barrido (MEB) de la microestructura de muestras sinterizadas a diferentes temperaturas, revela un mayor control microestructural en los materiales en los que se ha incorporado la espinela sintetizada. La respuesta Intensidad-Voltaje de estos materiales es coherente con las caracteristicas microestructurales obtenidas, observandose una mayor reproducibilidad en el material.Trabajo presentado al IX Congreso Nacional de Investigacion Enologica (GIENOL) celebrado en Badajoz del 29 de mayo al 1 de junio de 2007.La industria del procesado del tomate tiene gran peso en la economia espanola debido a la alta produccion de tomates a nivel nacional; sin embargo, genera grandes cantidades de excedentes y residuos ricos en compuestos bioactivos, como el licopeno, poseedor de un gran potencial antioxidante que le confiere efectos beneficiosos para la salud. El aprovechamiento de dichos subproductos como fuente de ingredientes funcionales, supondria una importante reduccion en el gasto de las industrias procesadoras de tomate y evitaria graves problemas medioambientales. En los ultimos anos se estan realizando grandes esfuerzos destinados a mejorar los productos carnicos existentes y a lanzar al mercado otros nuevos en los que la composicion se haya modificado de alguna manera con el fin de que el producto resultante se cina mas a las nuevas orientaciones nutricionales. Una posible via para poder llevar a cabo esta demanda, seria enriquecer a los productos carnicos en compuestos bioactivos, convirtiendolos en alimentos funcionales...El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar en un amplio rango de temperaturas (1000-1450oC) y mediante difraccion de rayos-X (DRX) las posibles reacciones en estado solido que pueden tener lugar en las regiones interfaciales de sistemas constituidos por composites NiO-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (NiO-GDC) con un 50% en peso de NiO, y de Cermets Ni- Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (Ni-GDC) con un 39% en volumen Ni, y electrolitos basados en soluciones solidas Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC). Y asi mismo, estudiar la compatibilidad termoquimica y termomecanica entre los distintos materiales ceramicos que constituyen los sistemas electrolito/anodo.Se confirma mediante MEB y analisis EDAX que los sistemas cosinterizados entre 1350 y 1400oC durante 2h y constituidos por un electrolito basado en ceria (GDC) y un anodo basado en un cermet niquel-ceria (Ni-GDC), presentan una buena adherencia entre capas, sin la formacion de defectos y sin la presencia de interdifusion de especies a lo largo de la region interfacial. Es decir, se confirma que ambos materiales, Ni-GDC y GDC son compatibles termoquimica y termomecanicamente.The development of piezoelectric sensors for high frequency requires to work with very thin samples of material. At this thick nesses, the stress concentration produces strong perturbations in the materials, and the origin oF a non linear response, which depends field on working conditions. With the goal to advance in the knowledgement of this phenomenon, and by using Complex Impedance Spectroscopy, we have analysed the response of PZT ceramics with thickness of microns as a function of the applied and the amplitude of the analysis signal. These results allow to establish the base to the development of ultrasonic tunable sensors for high frequency.In this paper we investigate a propositional fuzzy logical system L? which contains the well-known Lukasiewicz, Product and Godel fuzzy logics as sublogics. We define the corresponding algebraic structures, called L?-algebras and prove the following completeness result: a formula f is provable in the L? logic iff it is a tautology for all linear L?-algebras. Moreover, linear L?-algebras are shown to be embeddable in linearly ordered abelian rings with a strong unit and cancellation law.Thermal diffusivity in ceramics by laser flash method Among the several techniques available to measure the thermal conductivity/ diffusivity, the laser flash method stands out for its low run time (less than 1 hour per temperature) and the reduced sample size required. Nevertheless, the laser flash technique is not very accurate for porous materials due to laser transmission problems and the underestimation of the total sample thickness. The attaching to the porous sample of two thin foils of an opaque and high diffusivity material (Cu) can solve these problems. This type of assembly was used to measure diffusivity in a porous alumina material. Data obtained are compared with theoretical models, wich predict effective thermal conductivity of the porous material from the thermal conductivity of the dense material, the amount of porosity and the type of microstructure.This work has been partially supported by CICYT in Project AMB93-81, and Junta de Andalucia through research group 4092.The alpine marmot occupies areas ranging in altitude from 1300 to 2800 m in the Pyrenees, although 67% of the colonies are found between 1800 and 2400 m. Greatest colony density and greater areal use than expected were found between these last limits. The lower edge of the altitudinal range normally coincides with current forest limit and the upper edge seems to be related to the availability of sufficient food as to accomplish its minimum annual cycle (maintenance, reproduction, and fat storage). There is a positive correlation between the number of colonies and the duration of the available food period above 1800 m. In a broad sense, the altitude range of the alpine marmot in the Pyrenees is similar to that in the Alps. Because the natural forest limit seems to be higher in the Pyrenees than in the Alps, the success of the introduction of the alpine marmot in the Pyrenees could be probably due to the existence of a wide supraforestal open area artificially created for pastoral use.Oral presentation given at the Euroclay 2015, held in Edinburgh (Scotland), on July 5-10th, 2015.El posible uso del nitruro de silicio en el ambito industrial se ve limitado por la dificultad y el coste que supone mecanizar geometrias complicadas. En el presente trabajo se estudia la posibilidad del uso de superaleaciones como interlamina de union entre piezas de este material. Se han seleccionado tres superaleaciones con base niquel-cromo debido a su interes tecnologico. Las uniones se han llevado a cabo por termocompresion en vacio, utilizando varias presiones y temperaturas. Se ha realizado un estudio comparativo de las intercaras de union en las tres aleaciones, analizando mediante microanalisis por energias dispersadas de Rayos X y microscopia electronica de barrido las reacciones que tienen lugar.Zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) is a mineral widely employed in the production of refractories, pigments, glazed tiles etc. The high radioactive content of this mineral stems from the presence of natural alpha emitters as U and Th. The radioactive activity of the 238 U, 235 U and 234 U, 228 Th, 230 Th and 232 Th radionuclides was measured by alpha spectrometry after isolation by radiochemical techniques. The alpha-emitters uranium and thorium irradiates internally the ceramic modifying the luminescence properties, this involves a potential use for dosimetric purposes. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve intensity of zircon is higher than the observed in other aluminosilicates measured under the same conditions. The TL maxima appearing at 280, 360 and 445°C are fairly well correlated with the differential thermal analysis (DTA). It suggests that this TL peaks could be linked to: (1) partial processes of local phase transitions and (2) alkali self-diffusion dehydroxylation phenomena when the sample is heated during the analytical measurement routine.Resumen del poster presentado a la I Reunion de Docencia y Difusion de la Microbiologia celebrada en Madrid del 12 al 13 de julio de 2012.El procesamiento coloidal de materiales ceramicos permite mejorar las propiedades finales de los productos, reduciendo el numero y tamano de los defectos, y aumentando la reproducibilidad del proceso. Esto exige, por una parte, el adecuado conocimiento de los parametros coloidequimicos y reologicos que rigen la estabilidad de la suspension y, por otra, el control de las variables especificas de cada proceso de conformado. La tecnica de colaje se ha utilizado tradicionalmente en la industria, dada su gran versatilidad, su bajo costo y la elevada uniformidad de las piezas asi obtenidas. Sin embargo, el desarrollo industrial impone la busqueda de nuevas tecnicas de conformado capaces de aunar las ventajas del colaje (como la posibilidad de obtener piezas de forma casi final, con el fin de reducir o eliminar la etapa de mecanizacion) con las propias de otros procesos (como los de prensado), como son la reduccion del ciclo de fabricacion y la automatizacion del proceso. Esto ha impulsado el desarrollo de nuevos procesos de conformado en los que la manipulacion de las propiedades coloidales de una suspension permiten obtener piezas de forma casi neta. En este trabajo se muestran las bases de dichas tecnicas y se discuten las tendencias actuales en el conformado coloidal de materiales ceramicos.Plenary lecture given at the 8th Mid-European Clay Conference, held in Kosice (Slovakia) on July 4-8th, 2016.Desde principios de este siglo, el cafe ha ocupado siempre el primer lugar en cuanto al valor de las exportaciones colombianas, y sus efectos sobre el resto del sistema economico y social han sido tan amplios que tradicionalmente se ha considerado como un sector esencial en la vida de Colombia no solo desde el punto de vista del crecimiento economico, sino, sobre todo, en funcion de lo que represento para la expansion de la frontera agricola y para la evolucion de la estructura social. Desde hace algun tiempo, sin embargo, hay otro producto, la cocaina, que ha venido a desplazar al cafe como primer producto de exportacion de Colombia. Y con ello, se abre el debate sobre si este ultimo producto ha jugado o no, en los ultimos anos, el papel que desempeno en otro tiempo el cafe como motor de transformaciones economicas y sociales.Tesis Doctoral para optar al Grado de Doctora en Quimica en la Universidad de Santiago (Departamento de Edafologia y Quimica Agricola).-- Composicion del Tribunal: Presidente: Ma Tarsy Carballas Fernandez; Vocal: Mercedes Casal Jimenez; Vocal: Carlota Garcia Paz; Vocal: Serafin Jesus Gonzalez Prieto; Secretario: Ma Teresa Barral Silva.-- Se adjunta tambien la imagen de la portadaEste trabajo ha sido financiado por la CICYT (proyecto BFM2002-00048). Los espectros de TL y RL se realizaron en la Univ. de Sussex (UK) con la ayuda del Prof. P.D. Townsend.La presente Tesis aborda el estudio de pretratamientos biologicos destinados a romper la barrera de lignina y mejorar la sacarificacion de los materiales lignocelulosicos utilizados en la obtencion de bioetanol de segunda generacion. Los pretratamientos estudiados en esta Tesis estan basados en el uso del sistema enzimatico lacasa-mediador y han demostrado ser eficaces en degradar/modificar la estructura del polimero de lignina que envuelve y protege a los carbohidratos. Las modificaciones en la estructura de la lignina permiten que los carbohidratos queden mas expuestos a las enzimas celulasas, lo que se traduce en una mejora significativa en la hidrolisis de los mismos. Por otro lado, esta Tesis tambien plantea el estudio de las interacciones que tienen lugar entre la lignina y las celulasas, y que afectan al proceso de hidrolisis de la celulosa. Estos estudios tienen como objetivo un aprovechamiento mas racional y eficaz de los materiales lignocelulosicos en la produccion de biocombustibles de segunda generacion (bioetanol). En esta Tesis se han evaluado dos sistemas lacasa-mediador. El primero esta constituido por una lacasa de alto potencial redox, obtenida del hongo basidiomiceto Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, y el mediador redox sintetico, 1-hidroxibenzotriazol (HBT). El segundo, incluye una lacasa comercial obtenida del hongo ascomiceto Myceliophthora thermophila y el mediador natural siringato de metilo (MeS). Los materiales lignocelulosicos utilizados en los pretratamientos enzimaticos con el sistema lacasa-mediador incluyeron: i) residuos agricolas de paja de trigo, el bagazo y la paja de la cana de azucar y ii) madera de paulownia (Paulownia fortunei). Para el estudio de las interacciones lignina-celulasa se utilizaron ligninas aisladas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus), paja de trigo y picea (Picea abies) . Los pretratamientos de materiales lignocelulosicos con lacasa de P. cinnabarinus en presencia/ausencia de HBT, se realizaron sobre dos materias primas, los residuos agricolas de paja de trigo y de cana de azucar, con el objeto de mejorar el rendimiento de sacarificacion enzimatica y obtencion de bioetanol de ambas materias. Primeramente se realizaron experimentos del tratamiento sobre la paja de trigo en una secuencia que incluia un solo ciclo enzimatico seguido de una extraccion alcalina con peroxido de hidrogeno. Tras la secuencia se determino el contenido en lignina (lignina Klason) y se evaluo el efecto que esta eliminacion/modificacion de lignina producia sobre la sacarificacion enzimatica (con celulasas). Este pretratamiento produjo un descenso en el contenido en lignina del 45% respecto a la materia prima y una mejora en la obtencion de glucosa del 60% tras 72 h de tratamiento con celulasas. Tambien se analizo la modificacion de la estructura de lignina con dichos tratamientos mediante resonancia magnetica nuclear bidimensional (2DRMN). Estos estudios revelaron un descenso en los enlaces β-O-4´y β-5´ asi como en las unidades de lignina p-hidroxifenilo (H), guayacilo (G) y siringilo (S), y una disminucion mas moderada de los acidos p-cumarico y ferulico, sin variacion sustancial en la unidad de tricina. Con el objeto de estudiar la eficacia del sistema lacasa-mediador sobre otras materias primas, se estudio la aplicacion del mismo sobre los residuos de la industria de la cana de azucar (bagazo y paja), en este caso utilizando una secuencia de 4 ciclos con dosis menores de enzima y mediador por ciclo. Con esta secuencia se obtuvo un descenso en el contenido en lignina del 27% y 31% para el bagazo y paja de cana de azucar respectivamente, y una mejora del 39% y 46% en el rendimiento de glucosa, en la materia pretratada de bagazo y paja, en comparacion con el control, tras las 72 h de tratamiento con celulasas. El analisis 2D-RMN revelo notables cambios en la estructura de la estructura de la lignina, observandose en ambos materiales un descenso significativo en el numero los enlaces y unidades de lignina. La eficacia del sistema lacasa-mediador volvio a quedar demostrada con el pretratamiento realizado sobre madera de paulownia con la lacasa de M. thermophila y MeS. Dicho pretratamiento consto de una secuencia de 4 ciclos (cada uno de ellos incluia un tratamiento enzimatico seguido de una extraccion alcalina). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con 50 U·g-1 de enzima y 3% de MeS, consiguiendo un descenso en lignina del 24% respecto al control y un aumento en la liberacion de glucosa del 40%. Los analisis de 2D-NMR de estos materiales revelaron un descenso en el numero de enlaces y un aumento de las unidades oxidadas de siringilo y guayacilo, tras el pretratamiento. Por ultimo, se analizaron los filtrados obtenidos durante los diferentes ciclos, encontrandose compuestos oxidados de lignina como vainillina, acido vanilico, siringaldehido y acido siringico, que corroboran la naturaleza oxidativa del pretratamiento y la consecuente deslignificacion de los materiales lignocelulosicos. Con el fin de demostrar el efecto negativo que tiene la presencia de lignina sobre las celulasas en la hidrolisis del material lignocelulosico, se aislaron las ligninas (milled wood lignin, MWL) de diferentes materias primas (eucalipto, paja de trigo y picea), y se estudio su efecto en la adsorcion y consecuente inhibicion de las celulasas (tanto sobre el coctel enzimatico, como sobre la enzima purificada) mediante microbalanza de cristal de cuarzo y resonancia de plasmon superficial. Los resultados al aplicar las celulasas sobre films recubiertos de dichas ligninas demostraron que la enzima purificada muestra menor afinidad a la adsorcion sobre el film con lignina y mayor reversibilidad de union. Tambien se observo que la afinidad mas alta en la adsorcion lignina-enzima se produce en la lignina de picea (99% unidades G) mientras que la adsorcion mas baja se produjo en la de eucalipto (70% unidades S).6 paginas, 1 tabla, 2 figuras.-- El trabajo se genera en el marco de las actividades de la Reunion del Grupo de Trabajo Ecologia, Ecofisiologia y Suelos Forestales en Actas de la II reunion sobre suelos forestales.-- Nuevas perspectivas en las relaciones suelo-arbol.-- Salamanca, 22-23 de octubre 2007. http://www.irnase.csic.es/users/lventura/C25-Acta09.pdfFuel cells convert the chemical energy of a reaction into electrical energy in a continuous and direct way. The modular construction, noise and vibration absences, operating flexibility, much lower pollutants production and higher conversion efficiency make these devices very attractive for the future of energy sector. Among the different ongoing fuel cells, planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are very promising, The operation temperature is in the region of 800°C and they are specially aimed for electricity generation in small decentralized units. However, their price is not competitive yet in comparison with conventional technology because of several problems related to materials optimization. One of the important challenges is referred to the attainment of a seal that ensures the gas-tightness of the SOFCs at the operating temperature. Classes or glass-ceramics are the most adecuated materials to fulfil the sealing requirements for this application. In the present paper a worldwide overview is given outlining the different glasses and glass-ceramics employed On the sealing of SOFC so far, as well as their properties, advantages and drawbacks and a brief description about the SOFC technology. Finally, preparation and characterization to glass-ceramics from the system SiO 2 -BaO-RO-Al 2 O 3 is put forward as possible candidates for sealing SOFC.The phase transition to perovskite-type structure, that occurs in some hexagonal manganites when foreign cations are incorporated into solid solution, has been studied. Several solid solution series belonging to the Y(Mn, Ni)O 3 , (Er, Ca)MnO 3 , (Y, Ca)MnO 3 , systems have been prepared by solid state reaction between the corresponding oxides. The crystalline structure of the different solid solutions has been established. The behaviour of the (Gd, Ca)MnO 3 system has been taken as a reference. The obtained results are discussed as a function of the tolerance factor and the Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ ratio. The transition to perovskite structure is governed by this Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ ratio rather than the increase of the tolerance factor.En los ultimos anos se ha popularizado el empleo de tecnicas reometricas tales como la medida en esfuerzo controlado o los ensayos de oscilacion. En este trabajo se revisan los conceptos basicos de reologia de suspensiones y se analizan las tecnicas reometricas mas recientes para su completa caracterizacion. A partir de una suspension previamente optimizada de porcelana sanitaria, con un contenido en solidos de 50 % en volumen, se describen y analizan distintos tipos de ensayos reologicos, los modelos de regresion mas frecuentes y sus limitaciones y las posibles formas de representar los datos de un reograma para conseguir una maxima informacion. Se discuten las posibles diferencias entre los parametros reologicos obtenidos mediante distintas determinaciones reometricas, centrando el interes en la determinacion de los puntos de fluidez, clave para distinguir un comportamiento plastico de uno pseudoplastico.The development of new coating processes has important limitations related to the films thickness and the geometry of the coating substrates. In this work, two colloidal forming processes are proposed for manufacturing ceramic and metallic coatings on the inner surface of a steel pipe. Ceramic coatings of CaCO 3 have been formed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Aqueous stable suspensions were prepared and a electrophoretic cell was designed, in which the steel tube to be coated acted simultaneously as container and working electrode. Nickel films were prepared by filling the pipe with the suspension and rotating to fully wet the steel surface. Nickel suspensions were formulated focusing an improved wettability and adherence to the steel surface by using binders. From these processes, ceramic and metallic coatings with 300-350 μm in thickness, homogeneous and strongly adhered to the inner surface of the steel pipe have been obtained.211 Pags.- Figs.- Tabls. Tesis elaborada en el Departamento de Genetica y Produccion Vegetal, de la EEAD-CSIC (abril 2015) y presentada en la Universidad de Lleida (2016).The following review summarizes the last advances in technology of ceramic membrane. In the last years these membranes and their modules compete with organic membranes in many applications due to their high thermal and chemical stability, long life and good defouling properties. The sol-gel process is considered one of the best methods for ceramic membranes synthesis, because of its ability to make thin membrane top layers of nanoscale pore diameter, with narrow pore size distribution. Characterization methods such as gas permeation, bubble point test, N 2 adsorption-desorption, Hg penetration and microscopy allow to know the structure of the membrane.Trabajo presentado a la International Seafood Conference on the ocassion of the 25th anniversary of the WEFTA, celebrada en Noordwijkerhout (Netherlands) del 13 al 16 de noviembre de 1995.Los autores hacen constar su agradecimiento a La Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, por las ayudas recibidas para la realizacion de este trabajo: ALI 91 0720, PTR 93 0061, ALI 94 0716 y ALI 95 0517.Las investigaciones sobre las epidemias de antracnosis en Andalucia han sido financiadas por los proyectos AGL96-1082 y AGL2000-1725 de la Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT).Las propiedades de un material ceramico estan intimamente relacionadas con el procesamiento seguido para su obtencion, dado que este determina en gran medida su microestructura. En este trabajo se ha disenado un material ceramico, obtenido a partir de materias primas alternativas (residuos industriales y urbanos), encaminado a retener metales pesados en aguas contaminadas, siguiendo tres procesos distintos: colaje en molde de escayola, prensado uniaxial y extrusion. Para establecer una comparativa entre ellos se han preparado, en los tres casos, en forma de anillos Raschig. Se ha procedido a la caracterizacion fisicoquimica de los materiales asi obtenidos, observandose su microestructura mediante microscopia electronica de barrido, superficie especifica (BET), medidas de densidad en mercurio y helio, absorcion de agua y porosidad. Asimismo se ha realizado un ensayo dinamico de retencion de metales pesados con estos anillos en aguas simuladas, llevando a cabo analisis quimicos mediante ICP-OES en las aguas depuradas.Se presenta la sintesis y caracterizacion de la serie de disolucion solida Ag5Pb2-xCuxO6, (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5). La sintesis se llevo a cabo mediante coprecipitacion de los nitratos de Ag(I), Pb(II) y Cu(II) en medio basico. La estructura de la serie es la del oxido Ag5Pb2O6, con el Cu(II) ocupando parcialmente los sitios octaedricos del Pb(IV). Esta sustitucion induce cambios interesantes en las propiedades de transporte electrico de los miembros de la serie, que van desde conductividad metalica a comportamiento semiconductor. El analisis Rietveld para el oxido Ag5Pb1.5Cu0.5O6, mostro un modelo estructural optimo en el que Pb y Cu comparten el sitio octaedrico en una distribucion desordenada (Pm1, a = 5.8306(9) A, c = 6.3430(6) A, V = 187.37 A3)La problematica de la inmigracion en Espana esta de plena actualidad. No hay dia en que uno abra un periodico y no encuentre noticias relacionadas, de un modo u otro, con la cuestion, aunque la poblacion extranjera no sea tan numerosa como para explicar este hecho. Lo cierto es que la situacio parece haber cogido por sorpresa al pais, que en su nueva condicion de receptor, cuando hasta hace poco sufria el proceso contrario, parece desconcertado. Este trabajo pretende ilustrar en cifras esa problematica, aspecto que creemos esencial para entender las dificultades de la sociedad para afrontar los retos que plantea la nueva situacion.Lead titanate has been prepared by a sol-gel method using titanium alkoxide and lead acetate. The addition of solid PbTiO 3 nanometer-size seeding particles (5wt%) into the precursor solution plays a crucial role during the crystallisation process. Comparing with the unseeded gels, the fraction of crystallised PbTiO 3 increases for the same temperatures of treatment. Besides, seeding reduce the presence of pyrochlore secondary phases, without using lead-rich compositions. These first results could indicate that the perovskite phase is formed directly from the amorphous phase.Paper presented at the Pure and Applied Chemistry International Conference (PACCON2014) held in Khon Kaen (Thailand) on January 8-10th 2014.En el presente trabajo se han obtenido carbonitruros de titanio TiCxN1-x de alta pureza y con caracter nanometrico, por molienda reactiva (MSR) de alta energia en un molino planetario, a partir de la mezcla de titanio con grafito o nanofibras de carbono (CNFs) en una atmosfera de nitrogeno. Una metodologia prometedora para el desarrollo de estos materiales consiste en el acoplamiento de la tecnica MSR con el sinterizado por SPS. El producto obtenido se ha sinterizado a 1400 oC y 1700 oC, obteniendose una ceramica monolitica totalmente densa (>99% d.t). En este trabajo se analizan las distintas microestructuras obtenidas en funcion del precursor de carbono y el tratamiento de SPS, evaluando las principales propiedades mecanicas de los materiales resultantes.We have investigated the frequency of replication origin usage in bacterial plasmids containing more than one potential origin. Escherichia coli recA- cells were selectively transformed with pBR322 monomers, dimers, or trimers. Plasmid DNA was isolated and digested with a restriction enzyme that cut the monomer only once, and the replicative intermediates (RIs) were analyzed by neutral/neutral two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. Evidence for initiation outside the linearized plasmid was found only for oligomers. Moreover, in dimers, the intensity of the signal indicative for external initiation was equivalent to that reflecting internal initiation, whereas it was approximately twice as strong in trimers. To determine whether initiation could occur simultaneously at two origins in a single plasmid, we studied the replication of a neodimer in which both units could be unambiguously distinguished. The results showed that although both origins were equally competent to initiate replication, only one was active per plasmid. These observations strongly suggest that in ColE1 plasmids, replication initiates at a single site even when there are several identical potential origins per plasmid. In addition to the conventional two-dimensional gel patterns, novel specific patterns were observed with intensities that varied from one DNA sample to another. These unique patterns were the result of breakage of the RIs at a replication fork. This type of breakage changes both the mass and shape of RIs. When the entire population of RIs is affected, a new population of molecules is formed that may generate a novel pattern in two-dimensional gels.Los vidrios de composicion molar 50SiO2?30BaO?20ZnO (Zn1.5-50), 55SiO2?27BaO?18ZnO (Zn1.5-55), y 55SiO2?27BaO?18MgO (Mg1.5-55) presentan buenas propiedades para su aplicacion en el sellado de pilas de combustible de oxido solido de configuracion plana y temperatura de operacion intermedia (850oC) (IT-SOFC). El sellado debe producirse a traves de la sinterizacion del polvo de vidrio, durante el arranque de la pila, a temperaturas entre 700 y 850oC. El tratamiento posterior a la temperatura de operacion da lugar a la cristalizacion de silicatos de bario con el consiguiente aumento de viscosidad y rigidez del sello. Este trabajo es un estudio del comportamiento de sinterizacion de estos vidrios utilizando diferentes velocidades de calentamiento y distribuciones de tamano de particula del polvo de vidrio, para la obtencion final de sellos densos y homogeneos. Los vidrios Zn1.5-55 y Mg1.5-55 con un tamano de particula <63 µm y tratados a 2oC/min alcanzan densidades finales superiores al 95%. Por otra parte, se ha demostrado el buen acuerdo entre las cineticas de densificacion obtenidas experimentalmente y las predichas por el modelo de sinterizacion de formacion de Clusters en ausencia de cristalizacion concurrente.A strong interest in the use of ceramics for biomedical engineering applications developed in the late 1960´s. Used initially as alternatives to metallic materials in order to increase the biocompatibility of implants, bioceramics have become a diverse class of biomaterials, presently including three basic types: relatively bioinert ceramics; bioactive or surface reactive bioceramics and bioresorbable ceramics. This review will only refer to bioceramics “sensus stricto”, it is to say, those ceramic materials constituted for nonmetallic inorganic compounds, crystallines and consolidated by thermal treatments of powders to high temperatures. Leaving bioglasses, glass-ceramics and biocements apart, since, although all of them are obtained by thermal treatments to high temperatures, the first are amorphous, the second are obtained by desvitrification of a glass and in them vitreous phase normally prevails on the crystalline phases and the third are consolidated by means of a hydraulic or chemical reaction to room temperature. A review of the composition, physiochemical properties and biological behaviour of the principal types of crystalline bioceramics is given, based on the literature data and on the own experience of the authors.  , tricalcium phosphate Materiales bioceramicos cristalinos A finales de los anos sesenta se desperto un gran interes por el uso de los materiales ceramicos para aplicaciones biomedicas. Inicialmente utilizados como una alternativa a los materiales metalicos, con el proposito de incrementar la biocompatibilidad de los implantes, las bioceramicas se han convertido en una clase diversa de biomateriales, incluyendo actualmente tres tipos: ceramicas cuasi inertes; ceramicas bioactivas o reactivas superficialmente y ceramicas reabsorbibles o biodegradables. En la presente revision se hace referencia a las bioceramicas en sentido estricto, es decir, a aquellos materiales constitutitos por compuestos inorganicos no metalicos, cristalinos y consolidados mediante tratamientos termicos a altas temperaturas. Dejando aparte los biovidrios, los vitroceramicos y los biocementos, puesto que, si bien todos ellos son obtenidos por tratamiento termicos a altas temperaturas, los primeros son amorfos, los segundos son obtenidos por desvitrificacion de un vidrio, prevaleciendo normalmente la fase vitrea sobre las fases cristalinas, y los terceros son consolidados mediante una reaccion quimica o hidraulica a temperatura ambiente. Asi pues, teniendo en cuenta la abundante bibliografia sobre el tema y la experiencia propia de los autores, se presenta una revision de la composicion, propiedades fisicoquimicas, aplicaciones y comportamiento biologico de los principales tipos de bioceramicas cristalinas. Palabras clave: alumina, zircona, alumina-circona, grafito, hidroxiapatito, silicatos bioactivos, bioeutecticos  , fosfato tricalcico.Studied the distribution and colonization process of Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota L.) in the Southern Pyrenees. Marmots became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene in the Pyrenees, and have been introduced since 1948 on the northern slope of the mountain range (France). More than 350 localizations have been recorded. Results show factors that have affected its expansion, such as: orographic barriers, mountain passes, habitat selection and human disturbance. Location is given in 2 × 2 km of the UTM squares, which indicates the existence of at least one colonyThe glass ionomer cements have been used successfully in dentistry for more than 20 years. A problem of these cements is the release of Al 3+ ions to the physiological medium, being able to cause irreversible health problems to the patients. With the purpose of avoiding this problem, cements, from the reaction between the polyacrylic acid and wollastonita (CaSiO 3 ) in a water solution of tartaric acid, have been obtained and characterized. The results have shown that these cements reach compression strength values similar to those of the conventional cements of vitreous polyalqueonate. Additionally, the obtained cements are biocompatibles and bioactives.Trabajo presentado en la XXIX Reunion de la Sociedad Espanola de la Ciencia del Suelo (SECS), celebrada en Mallorca (Espana), del 3 al 6 de septiembre de 2013Trabajo presentado en el X Congreso de la Sociedad Espanola de Malherbologia (SEMh), celebrado en Huelva (Espana), del 5 al 7 de octubre de 2005Trabajo presentado a las Jornadas sobre tecnicas de neutrones, celebradas en Deusto (Bilbao) en septiembre de 1990.SUMMARY The aim of this work was to explore the potential use of the hydrotalcite compound [Mg3Al(OH),1,C03.xH,O, (HT), and its calcined produet Mg3AlO.(OH), (HT500), as sorbents of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The amounts of TNP removed by HT depends on the pH, whereas those removed by HT500 depends on solid/solution ratio.Se ha estudiado la interdependencia entre la densidad en verde y el tamano de particula en la sinterizacion reactiva de mezclas de circon � dolomita. El tamano del polvo se ha determinado con un analizador de particula por laser y se ha controlado variando el tiempo de molienda en un molino de atricion. Se ha observado que para un mismo metodo de consolidacion la densidad de los compactos, en verde, esta relacionada con la distribucion de tamano de particula. La densidad en verde y el grado de aglomeracion influyen sobre la sinterizacion de la mezcla de polvos. Los datos experimentales indican que compactos con similar densidad en verde y menor numero de aglomerados presentan un mejor comportamiento durante la sinterizacion. Se ha probado que los parametros significativos en el proceso son el tamano de particula y/o aglomerado y caracteristicas de la mezcla tales como homogeneidad y grado de compactacion.Se presentan dos diferentes rutas de sintesis de nanopolvos de Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO): precipitacion de hidroxidos, a partir de soluciones de nitratos utilizando amonia como agente precipitante y formacion de complejos polimerizados etilene-glicol nitratos metalicos. Las caracteristicas de los polvos se determinaron por DRX, microscopia de transmision (TEM), superficie especifica por Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), y ensayos de ATD/ATG. El grado de aglomeracion de los nanopolvos y la uniformidad de los compactos en verde se ha observado por Microscopia electronica de barrido, (SEM). El tamano de poro de los compactos en verde se ha medido mediante porosimetria de Hg. El comportamiento a la sinterizacion se ha evaluado por dilatometria a velocidad de calentamiento constante y por sinterizacion isoterma a diferentes temperaturas. La evolucion microestructural se ha seguido por SEM.We study the determination of weights for two types of aggregation operators: the weighted mean and the OWA operator. We assume that there is at our disposal a set of examples for which the outcome of the aggregation operator is known. In the case of the OWA operator, we compare the results obtained by our method with another one in the literature. We show that the optimal weighting vector is reached with less cost.

Diacylglycerol kinase α regulates the formation and polarisation of mature multivesicular bodies involved in the secretion of Fas ligand-containing exosomes in T lymphocytes.

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are endocytic compartments that contain intraluminal vesicles formed by inward budding from the limiting membrane of endosomes. In T lymphocytes, these vesicles contain pro-apoptotic Fas ligand (FasL), which may be secreted as ‘lethal exosomes’ upon fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane. Diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) regulate the secretion of exosomes, but it is unclear how this control is mediated. T-lymphocyte activation increases the number of MVBs that contain FasL. DGKα is recruited to MVBs and to exosomes in which it has a double function. DGKα kinase activity exerts a negative role in the formation of mature MVBs, as we demonstrate by the use of an inhibitor. Downmodulation of DGKα protein resulted in inhibition of both the polarisation of MVBs towards immune synapse and exosome secretion. The subcellular location of DGKα together with its complex role in the formation and polarised traffic of MVBs support the notion that DGKα is a key regulator of the polarised secretion of exosomes.

Protein Kinase C Inhibits CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-Mediated Apoptosis by at Least Two Different Mechanisms in Jurkat T Cells

The effect of thermal annealing of charoite silicate K5 Ca8 (Si6O15) (Si2O7) (Si4O9) (OH)·3H2O have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and thermoluminescence (TL). The chemical composition, analysed under electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), indicates significant amounts of Na, Ba, Fe and F and the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) results show impurities of unusual minerals such as tinaksite and aegirine. The cell parameters of both natural and preheated charoite, determined by XRD, are (i) a=[A] 19.786(2); b=[A] 32.003(3); c=[A] 7.8565(9); α=90o; β=97.159o; γ=90o with a Snyder FOM of 7.1932 for the non-annealed sample and (ii) a=[A] 19.567(2); b=[A] 31.821(3); c=[A] 7.1171(7); α=90o; β=94.000o(2); γ=90o; Snyders FOM 6.2637 for the preheated charoite. The thermal effect supposes an axes shortening, of Δa=0.219[A](2); Δb=0.182 [A]; Δc=0.7394 [A] and the β angle tilts only 3.159o. The DTA-TG and TL emission suggest: (i) a thermal gap of 80oC-290oC explained by charoite dehydration of different types of waters, i.e. hydrogen-Este trabajo esta financiado por un proyecto MAT2000-1361-C04- 01 del CICYT. O. Garcia y C. Gomez desean agradecer a la Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid (CAM) la financiacion de su beca postdoctoral.An accurate and precise morphometric modelling can be extended to past eruptions after a careful paleogeomorphological reconstruction of volcanic landforms in a setting of oceanic island. This reconstruction was used to create contour maps to derive the pre-, post-eruption and present-day digital elevation models (DEM). The right pixel size, interpolation method and quality of these DEMs were discussed. The process in a GIS framework of the geological information of cone, lava flow and tephra fall deposits together and the before-mentioned DEMs allowed determining the main morphological features of these volcanic landforms and their derivatives (e.g., eruption volume and pre-eruption slopes). The criteria needed to obtain accurate and precise measurements of the currently used morphometric parameters were defined. The calibration and validation of the morphometric modelling was performed on simulated volcanic landforms. The verification of the procedures was carried out on El Lentiscal volcano, a typical monogenetic basaltic eruption at Gran Canaria Island (Spain), the erosional history of which is in the first step of degradation. The proposed morphometric modelling is of general interest due to it is applicable to other geotectonic settings in the Earth and in the other inner planets of the Solar System.El presente trabajo ha sido realizado dentro de los proyectos CICYT MAT-97-0679-CO2-01 y MAT-97-0694-CO2-01.+. Albite sodium feldspar is studied by thermoluminescent methods using the blue region of the spectra (circa 400nm) and the possible uses as a dosimeter are explored. The light emission of the spectra bands of natural and irradiated albite under X and gamma rays are determined using automated RISO thermoluminescence equipment. Albite is a potential material to be used as retrospective dosimeter due to its good blue thermoluminescence characteristics in good agreement with the dosimetric requirements. It is sensitive to radiation, possesses a good linearity (0.06-8Gy), shows an acceptable stability in time, it is highly reproducible and can detect low levels of dose (60mGy). The TL glow curves emission exhibit a very complex structure associated to a continuous trap distribution. This behaviour could be explained as a consequence of a dynamic creation-annihilation of a [AlO 4 /alkali] + and [AlO 4 ] o centres.This work was supported by the “Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia” (CICYT-EU Spanish Government) under project AGL2010-15494/ALI, partially financed by European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) and Junta de Andalucia through financial support to group AGR-125. We also thank Elena Nogales Hernandez for technical assistance2 Pags. Trabajo originalmente presentado por los autores, en forma de Poster, en el VII Congreso de Mejora Genetica de Plantas (Zaragoza. 16-18 de septiembre de 2014)El presente trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por la Caja General de Ahorros de Canarias (Caja Canarias) y por el proyecto CGL2005-00239/BTE de la CICYT.A pesar de las similitudes cristaloquimicas entre los iones de cobre y los de plata, no existe ningun oxido mixto de cobre y plata ni natural ni sintetico. En este trabajo se presenta la sintesis a bajas temperaturas del primer oxido mixto de cobre y plata, de formula Ag2Cu2O3 (tetragonal, a=5.8857(3)A, c=10.6868(7)A, grupo espacial I41/amd, Z=4). Este oxido posee una estabilidad termica superior a los correspondientes oxidos de cobre y de plata. Contiene cadenas de iones Cu(II) cuadrado-planos que alternan con cadenas en zig-zag de Ag(I) con coordinacion lineal.Trabajo presentado en el KAAB International Symposium: Frontiers in Plant Science and Biotechnology, organizado por Kariwa Village Agro-Biotechnological Research Center, Niigata University y celebrado en dicha universidad el 29 de septiembre de 2014Plant transformation with tobamovirus replicase gene sequences is one of a number of available strategies for the potential control of tobamovirus disease. In most cases, a complete, near immunity type of resistance can be induced in plants transformed with fragments or modified forms of the viral replicase gene and the strong resistance is exhibited against high concentrations of both virus and viral RNA inoculum. However, the transgenic plant exhibits a relatively narrow resistance spectrum, manifested only against the virus from which the transgene is derived or against very closely related virus strains. A more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in replicasemediated transgenic resistance against tobamoviruses is needed, in order to increase its efficacy and reduce or eliminate the biosafety concerns related to its use in agriculture as a biotechnological tool for crop protection.Retention of the substituted urea herbicide thiazafluron (1, 3-dimethyl-1-(5-trifluoromethyl1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yllureal by surface horizons of 6 soils of Southern Spain has been investigated. Soil retention has been expressed as the soil/water distribution coefficient Kd, calculated at 2 different thiazafluron solution concentration: Ci 0.05 and Ci = 0.5 m). Distribution coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 4.39 (Ci = 0.05 mM) and from 0.38 to 3.39 (Ci 0.5 mM) mmole adsorbed IKg soil/mmole dissolved/L solution. Soil clay content, and specially soil iHite content, appeared to be the most important single factors affecting thiazafluron adsorption by soils.4 paginas, 5 figuras, 4 tablas.-- Comunicacion oral presentada al Kautschuk-Herbst-Kolloquium (KHK) celebrado en Hannover (Alemania/2004).Trabajo presentado al IX Congreso Nacional de Investigacion Enologica (GIENOL) celebrado en Badajoz del 29 de mayo al 1 de junio de 2007.espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue optimizar el angulo de posicionamiento del sensor Kinect para la reconstruccion de la estructura tridimensional de Xanthium strumarium L., Datura stramonium L. y Chenopodium album L., utilizando para ello algoritmos que permiten la captura y combinacion de imagenes de profundidad y RGB. Se han comparado diferentes angulos, fijando en cada uno de ellos el sensor Kinect de forma estatica respecto de la planta objetivo. Los resultados han confirmado la correlacion entre la biomasa de malas hierbas y el area estimada con el sensor. La estimacion de la altura de las plantas tambien fue adecuada, con una media de 2cm de error dependiendo de la posicion del sensor. Sin embargo, aunque el sensor ha mostrado su capacidad para la creacion de modelos tridimensionales, el adecuado posicionamiento del sensor es fundamental para la correcta reconstruccion de plantas. La posicion ideal del sensor debe ser elegida de acuerdo a la especie a medir y su estado fenologico. Estos resultados sugieren que Kinect es una herramienta util para caracterizar de forma rapida y fiable las malas hierbas, con importantes ventajas sobre otros sensores debido a su bajo coste, bajo requerimiento energetico y alta frecuencia de transmision de imagenes EnglishThe objective of this study was to optimize the positioning angle of a Kinect sensor for reconstructing the three dimensional structure of weeds, using Kinect fusion algorithms to generate a 3D point cloud from the depth video stream. The sensor was mounted in different positions facing the plant in order to obtain depth (RGB-D) images from different angles. The results confirmed the correlation between ground truth (e. g. weed biomass) and the measured area with Kinect. In addition, plant height was accurately estimated with a few centimeters error. However, although the Kinect sensor has shown its ability for plant reconstruction, proper positioning of the sensor is critical for correct reconstruction of plants. The best position of the sensor must be chosen according to the species to be measured and their growth stage. These results suggest that Kinect is a promising tool for a rapid and reliable weed characterization, with several important advantages such as low cost, low power requirement and a high frame rate.289 paginas.-- Mencion Internacional titulo de Doctor-- Tutor: Fernandez Boy, E. Dra. profesora titular de la Universidad de SevillaPlan Nacional de I+D+I 2004-2007 proyectos ref. HUM 2004-04861-C02 y C03), y HUM2004-03121/HISTEste trabajo ha sido realizado dentro de un proyecto financiado por la Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Espana (CICYT, Proyecto Ref. MAT2002-03891).Utilizado la informacion suministrada por el diagrama de equilibrio de fases Al2O3-MgO-CaO se ha disenado y obtenido un material de Al2O3-MgAl2O4-CaAl12O19-Ca2Mg2Al28O46 mediante sinterizacion reactiva de una mezcla de Al2O3 y CaMg(CO3)2. Las reacciones que tienen lugar en la mezcla durante el proceso se han estudiado usando tecnicas de analisis termico diferencial, termogravimetrico y dilatometria. Muestras reaccionadas a temperaturas seleccionadas se han estudiado por difraccion de rayos X y microscopia electronica de barrido con microanalisis mediante dispersion de energias. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la reaccion entre las materias primas tiene lugar en varias etapas con formacion de fases transitorias, dando lugar a una microestructura final con granos aciculares de CaAl12O19 y particulas de la fase ternaria Ca2Mg2Al28O46 formadas en aquellos puntos en los que entran en contacto las fases de MgAl2O4 y CaAl12O19.53 paginas.-- Memoria presentada al XXXIV Curso Internacional de Edafologia y Biologia VegetalResumen del trabajo presentado a la IX Reunion de la Red Espanola de Levaduras celebrada en El Escorial (Madrid) en 2013.Lead zirconate titanate ceramic powders have been surface modified by using phosphor esther 0.3% in volume. The phosphorous modification gave higher densities at lower temperatures associated with a reduction of the weight losses during the densification process. From the relationships between ceramic processing and microstructure, it was established that the phosphorous surface modification allows the effective grain growth control as well a higher homogeneity in the grain size distribution.Ceramic materials based on BaTiO 3 modified with small amounts of antimony show interesting electric properties which make them valuable for electronic industry. These properties depend on the microstructure of the material, which is controlled by both the dopant concentration and the doping process. The aim of the present work is to study the microstructure development of Sb-doped BaTiO 3 materials for concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.6 mol%. Doping was carried out following two different methods, the traditional mixing of oxides and surface doping starting from Sb(O(CH) 3 CH 3 ) 3 . Materials sintered between 1300-1400°C show quite different microstructure. For surface doped materials, a Sb 2 O 3 concentration of 0.05 mol% leads to well densified materials with homogeneous fine-grained microstructure. On the other hand, the traditional oxide doped materials show exaggerated grain growth.Comunicacion oral dada en la XXIII Reunion de la Sociedad Espanola de Arcillas que tuvo lugar en Toledo (Espana) del 10 al 12 de septiembre de 2014.En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto que tienen las condiciones de tratamiento termico (entre 1350 y 1650oC) en la reaccion de formacion Al2TiO5, a partir de la mezcla equimolar de polvos finos (diametro promedio < 0.5�Em) de alumina y titania de elevada pureza. Se ha determinado la influencia de las condiciones de tratamiento termico en el grado de reaccion de formacion del Al2TiO5, el tamano de las celdas de Al2TiO5 formadas y en la eficiencia de la posterior molienda de los materiales. Los compactos preparados a partir de la mezcla de los polvos, fueron prensados isostaticamente. Parte de los compactos fueron tratados termicamente utilizando isotermas en el margen de temperaturas de 1350 y 1650oC. Otros compactos fueron sometidos a un tratamiento termico en dos etapas, tratados entre 1350 y 1500oC y, a continuacion se procedio a su molienda, posterior prensado y tratamiento utilizando isotermas a 1600oC. La evolucion de la reaccion se estudio mediante las tecnicas de difraccion de rayos X, microscopia optica y microscopia electronica de barrido. El estudio de la eficiencia de molienda se llevo a cabo mediante un analizador de tamano de particulas laser. Los resultados obtenidos indican la evolucion de la reaccion desde una matriz no reaccionada en compactos tratados a 1350��C, hasta la reaccion practicamente completa, salvo la presencia de particulas aisladas de alumina dentro de la matriz de Al2TiO5, en compactos tratados a 1650��C. El tipo de microestructura del Al2TiO5 formado, determinada por el tratamiento termico, afecta al posterior proceso de molienda de los materiales de Al2TiO5Se ha analizado el comportamiento tribologico de materiales de Si3N4 y de compuestos Si3N4/SiC, desde temperatura ambiente hasta 700oC y en el rango de velocidades 0.5-2 m/s. Los materiales se han preparado mediante prensado en caliente a 1750oC en atmosfera de nitrogeno, variando el contenido en fase �?- Si3N4, el tamano medio de grano, y la morfologia de las particulas de SiC adicionadas. Los ensayos se han realizado en pares homologos utilizando un tribometro del tipo punta sobre disco, sin lubricacion y a una carga constante de 5 N. Las superficies de desgaste de las puntas y los discos se observaron en un microscopio electronico de barrido con capacidad analitica (MEB-EDX). Los residuos generados durante los ensayos se analizaron mediante MEB-EDX y difraccion de rayos X (DRX). Los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos daban valores de coeficiente de friccion, f, y de desgaste, K, superiores a 0.3 y 10-6 mm3N-1m-1, respectivamente. El mecanismo de desgaste predominante dependia de la microestructura y de las propiedades mecanicas del material ensayado.Abstract The role of integration host factor (IHF) in the regulation of the sigma 54-dependent promoter Pu of the TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida has been examined. We have selected in vivo insertions of intrinsically curved DNA that restore the responsiveness of an IHF-binding site deletion variant of Pu to the cognate activator of the system, XylR. We found five Pu derivatives which had inserted a core sequence with 6 phased [A]6 tracts, flanked by different lengths of DNA at the location of the former IHF site. They displayed 40-100% of the activity of Pu, were independent of IHF, and maintained the overall geometry of the wild-type promoter. The induction patterns of Pu, compared to those of hybrid promoters, were virtually indistinguishable. This supports the notion that, in native conditions, IHF co-regulates the system by providing a structural aid for promoter architecture and not by interacting directly with the RNA polymerase, as it has been suggested with other known IHF-dependent promoters.Distribution coefficients oftwo organic contaminants, Ibe anionie herbicide alloxydim and Ibe polar compound nitrophenol, showed Ibat organic elays are good sorbents from water, through combination ofbolb hydrophobic and polar interaclions between organic contaminants and interlayer alkylammonium. Primary alkylammonium showed better efficiency Iban quaternary one, suggesting H-bonds between -NH and polar contaminants.Trabajo presentado al IX Congreso Nacional de Investigacion Enologica (GIENOL) celebrado en Badajoz del 29 de mayo al 1 de junio de 2007.The nucleotide sequences of the hpaB and hpaC genes encoding the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase from Escherichia coli W ATCC 11105 have been determined. These genes appear to be part of an operon and encode two proteins of 58,781 and 18,679 Da, respectively, that are required for hydroxylase activity. This aromatic hydroxylase is NADH-dependent and uses FAD as the redox chromophore. The largest component (HpaB) has been purified by affinity chromatography in Cibacron blue. E. coli cells that express exclusively hpaB showed only a very low hydroxylase activity that was enhanced in the presence of extracts containing the smallest protein HpaC. This behavior resembles that of the coupling protein of the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida, and it might prevent the wasteful oxidation of NADH in the absence of substrate. Using a promoter-probe plasmid we have demonstrated that the hpaBC operon is expressed by a promoter inducible by 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. A gene, named hpaA, encoding a protein homologous to the XylS/AraC family of regulators, was identified upstream of the hydroxylase operon. The role played by HpaA in the regulation of the hpaBC operon remains to be elucidated. Since HpaB is not homologous to other aromatic hydroxylases, we suggest that the E. coli 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase is the first member of a new family of two-component aromatic hydroxylases sequenced so far.Poster presentado en el XIII Congresso Luso-Espanhol de Fisiologia Vegetal, celebrado en Lisboa del 24 al 28 de julio de 2013.6 paginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla, 19 referencias.-- XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on CLIMWATER 2010: Horticultural Use of Water in a Changing Climate. Lisboa, Portugal.In the present work, the theory of charge transport through active interfaces is used to study the electronic properties of ZnO-based varistors. It has been observed that for a certain range of sintering temperatures the microscopic electrical response of the material is constant, so that the macroscopic response is microstructure controlled. This allows controlling the functional response of the material with a high precision.1 .pdf copia del poster original (119 x 84 cm.) presentado por los autores. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).Alimentacion de la boga del Guadiana (Chondrostoma polylepis wi/lkommi, Stein. 1866) en la interfase rio-embalse de Sierra Boyera (Cordoba. Espana)Author wish to thank the financial support of this work to CICYT Project MAT2004-04843-C02-01.Desde finales de los anos sesenta, se ha despertado un gran interes por el uso de los materiales bioceramicos para aplicaciones biomedicas. En un trabajo previo, los autores hicieron una revision de los denominados materiales bioceramicos cristalinos en sentido estricto, es decir, de aquellos materiales, constituidos por compuestos inorganicos no metalicos, cristalinos y consolidados mediante tratamientos termicos a altas temperaturas. En el presente trabajo, los autores revisan el desarrollo de los vidrios bioactivos (biovidrios) y de las vitroceramicas bioactivas. Si bien todos ellos son obtenidos tambien por tratamiento termico a altas temperaturas, los primeros son amorfos y los segundos son obtenidos por desvitrificacion de un vidrio, si bien la fase vitrea normalmente predomina sobre las fases cristalinas. Despues de una introduccion al concepto de material bioactivo, se expone una breve revision historica del desarrollo de los vidrios bioactivos. A continuacion se describe su obtencion, reactividad en suero fisiologico artificial, mecanismo de union al tejido vivo y resistencia mecanica de la interfaz hueso-implante. Posteriormente, se expone el concepto de material vitroceramico y el proceso de su obtencion asi como tambien se describen los principales tipos de vidrios y vitroceramicos bioactivos (Bioglass®, Ceravital®, Cerabone®, Ilmaplant® and Bioverit®), sus composiciones, sus propiedades fisico-quimicas y sus comportamientos biologicos. Finalmente, se lleva a cabo tambien una corta revision de los recubrimientos con vidrios bioactivos y de los materiales compuestos (composites) bioactivos asi como de los usos mas comunes de los vidrios y vitroceramicos bioactivos.Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por la CICYT dentro del proyecto MAT-2000-0941. JMRM agradece al AECI la concesion de una beca.6 paginas, 4 tablas, 4 referencias.-- International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, celebrado del 23-27 de noviembre 1992, en Almeria, Espana.The following ceramic materials have been synthesized from the mixed oxides route: Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BIT), PbBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (PBIT), Pb 2 Bi 4 Ti 5 O 18 (P2BIT), Pb 3 Bi 4 Ti 6 O 21 (P3BIT). These materials belong to Aurivillius bismuth layers compounds family. In the present work the integration factor m has the values 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. These materials have been conventionally sintered between 1000 and 1150°C, and by hot forging between 850 and 1000°C in order to obtain textured samples. The temperature of maximum density increases with the lead content, and the grain size decreases. For these temperatures the density was higher than 93% of the theoretical density. The lattice parameters of these materials were calculated from XRD patterns, the results indicate lineal dependency among parameter c and m. The orientation degree of the crystallographic planes of the textured compounds were calculated by the Lotgering formula, values higher than 90% in the BIT, PBIT y P2BIT have been obtained, and only 52% for P3BIT.espanolEl moldeo por inyeccion ha recibido una importante atencion para la manufactura de piezas de formas complejas y precisas que no se podrian obtener por otros metodos. Sin embargo, esta tecnica implica el uso de vehiculos de transporte polime¬ricos que llevan asociados una serie de problemas que limitan su aplicacion, como son la elevada temperatura de trabajo (120o-200o C), la compleja y costosa maquinaria, la alta presion de inyeccion (7–150 MPa), el rapido desgaste de los moldes, los largos ciclos necesarios para la eliminacion del material organico, etc. Estas caracteristicas son las res¬ponsables del escaso auge industrial de este proceso, quedando solo al alcance de las grandes corporaciones. Una alternativa satisfactoria para reducir los costos y la complejidad del proceso es la Inyeccion a Baja Presion. Recientemente se ha comprobado la posibilidad de emplear esta tecnica haciendo uso de suspensiones acuosas, lo que facilita enormemente la manipulacion, simplifica la maquinaria y abarata significativamente los costos. Esta tecnica permite reducir el contenido de material polimerico hasta un 2-3 % vol., respecto al 20–50 % vol., tipicamente usado en la tecnica de alta presion, de manera que no se requiere un tratamiento especial para su eliminacion, disminuyendo considerablemente el nivel de rechazos. En este trabajo se describen las ventajas y limitaciones del proceso de moldeo por inyeccion a baja presion (LPIM) en agua y se analizan los parametros criticos, como son las propiedades reologicas de la suspension a la temperatura de inyeccion y la influencia del aditivo gelificante, para la obtencion de piezas de Al2O3. EnglishInjection moulding has received a significant attention for manufacturing of precise, complex shaped parts which could not be obtained by other methods. However, this technique implies the use of polimeric transport vehicles, associated to some problems that limit its use, such as the high working temperature (120°C-200°C), the complex and expensive machinery, the high injection pressures (7-150 MPa), the moulds corrosion, the long cycles for burning out, etc. These characteristics are the responsible for the low industrial use of this process, only available for big companies. An useful alternative to reduce costs and process complexity is the low pressure injection moulding. It has been stated that this technique can be used from aque¬ous suspensions, thus largely facilitating handling, machinery and reducing costs. This technique allows to decrease the con¬tent of polymeric materials down to 2-3 vol%, respect to 20-50 vol%, tipically employed in the high pressure technique, in such a way that it is not necessary a specific treatment for burning out, and then the number of rejected parts is lower. In this work, the advantages and limitations of the low pressure injection moulding (LPIM) process in water are descri¬bed focusing critical parameters for the obtention of alumina parts, such as the rheological properties of the suspension at the injection temperature and the influence of the gelling additive.x Pags. Tesis elaborada en la EEAD-CSIC y presentada en la Univ. Zaragoza, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra. Comprende ocho articulos cientificos.Una de las reacciones que tiene lugar durante la sinterizacion de varistores ceramicos basados en el sistema ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 es la formacion de la fase Zn7Sb2O12, de estructura tipo espinela, que ocurre en el intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre 900 y 1100oC, dependiendo de la composicion especifica del material. Esta fase es la responsable del control del crecimiento de grano y su distribucion en el seno del material como una segunda fase dispersa en la matriz mayoritaria de granos de ZnO determinara la cinetica del crecimiento de los granos. Sin embargo, el proceso de nucleacion y crecimiento de esta fase resulta dificil de controlar cuantitativamente, aspecto que se refleja en las caracteristicas finales del dispositivo varistor obtenido. En el presente trabajo se analiza el efecto de la incorporacion de la fase espinela previamente sintetizada a partir de los oxidos de zinc y antimonio. El analisis mediante Microscopia Electronica de Barrido (MEB) de la microestructura de muestras sinterizadas a diferentes temperaturas, revela un mayor control microestructural en los materiales en los que se ha incorporado la espinela sintetizada. La respuesta Intensidad-Voltaje de estos materiales es coherente con las caracteristicas microestructurales obtenidas, observandose una mayor reproducibilidad en el material.Trabajo presentado al IX Congreso Nacional de Investigacion Enologica (GIENOL) celebrado en Badajoz del 29 de mayo al 1 de junio de 2007.La industria del procesado del tomate tiene gran peso en la economia espanola debido a la alta produccion de tomates a nivel nacional; sin embargo, genera grandes cantidades de excedentes y residuos ricos en compuestos bioactivos, como el licopeno, poseedor de un gran potencial antioxidante que le confiere efectos beneficiosos para la salud. El aprovechamiento de dichos subproductos como fuente de ingredientes funcionales, supondria una importante reduccion en el gasto de las industrias procesadoras de tomate y evitaria graves problemas medioambientales. En los ultimos anos se estan realizando grandes esfuerzos destinados a mejorar los productos carnicos existentes y a lanzar al mercado otros nuevos en los que la composicion se haya modificado de alguna manera con el fin de que el producto resultante se cina mas a las nuevas orientaciones nutricionales. Una posible via para poder llevar a cabo esta demanda, seria enriquecer a los productos carnicos en compuestos bioactivos, convirtiendolos en alimentos funcionales...El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar en un amplio rango de temperaturas (1000-1450oC) y mediante difraccion de rayos-X (DRX) las posibles reacciones en estado solido que pueden tener lugar en las regiones interfaciales de sistemas constituidos por composites NiO-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (NiO-GDC) con un 50% en peso de NiO, y de Cermets Ni- Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (Ni-GDC) con un 39% en volumen Ni, y electrolitos basados en soluciones solidas Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC). Y asi mismo, estudiar la compatibilidad termoquimica y termomecanica entre los distintos materiales ceramicos que constituyen los sistemas electrolito/anodo.Se confirma mediante MEB y analisis EDAX que los sistemas cosinterizados entre 1350 y 1400oC durante 2h y constituidos por un electrolito basado en ceria (GDC) y un anodo basado en un cermet niquel-ceria (Ni-GDC), presentan una buena adherencia entre capas, sin la formacion de defectos y sin la presencia de interdifusion de especies a lo largo de la region interfacial. Es decir, se confirma que ambos materiales, Ni-GDC y GDC son compatibles termoquimica y termomecanicamente.The development of piezoelectric sensors for high frequency requires to work with very thin samples of material. At this thick nesses, the stress concentration produces strong perturbations in the materials, and the origin oF a non linear response, which depends field on working conditions. With the goal to advance in the knowledgement of this phenomenon, and by using Complex Impedance Spectroscopy, we have analysed the response of PZT ceramics with thickness of microns as a function of the applied and the amplitude of the analysis signal. These results allow to establish the base to the development of ultrasonic tunable sensors for high frequency.In this paper we investigate a propositional fuzzy logical system L? which contains the well-known Lukasiewicz, Product and Godel fuzzy logics as sublogics. We define the corresponding algebraic structures, called L?-algebras and prove the following completeness result: a formula f is provable in the L? logic iff it is a tautology for all linear L?-algebras. Moreover, linear L?-algebras are shown to be embeddable in linearly ordered abelian rings with a strong unit and cancellation law.Thermal diffusivity in ceramics by laser flash method Among the several techniques available to measure the thermal conductivity/ diffusivity, the laser flash method stands out for its low run time (less than 1 hour per temperature) and the reduced sample size required. Nevertheless, the laser flash technique is not very accurate for porous materials due to laser transmission problems and the underestimation of the total sample thickness. The attaching to the porous sample of two thin foils of an opaque and high diffusivity material (Cu) can solve these problems. This type of assembly was used to measure diffusivity in a porous alumina material. Data obtained are compared with theoretical models, wich predict effective thermal conductivity of the porous material from the thermal conductivity of the dense material, the amount of porosity and the type of microstructure.This work has been partially supported by CICYT in Project AMB93-81, and Junta de Andalucia through research group 4092.The alpine marmot occupies areas ranging in altitude from 1300 to 2800 m in the Pyrenees, although 67% of the colonies are found between 1800 and 2400 m. Greatest colony density and greater areal use than expected were found between these last limits. The lower edge of the altitudinal range normally coincides with current forest limit and the upper edge seems to be related to the availability of sufficient food as to accomplish its minimum annual cycle (maintenance, reproduction, and fat storage). There is a positive correlation between the number of colonies and the duration of the available food period above 1800 m. In a broad sense, the altitude range of the alpine marmot in the Pyrenees is similar to that in the Alps. Because the natural forest limit seems to be higher in the Pyrenees than in the Alps, the success of the introduction of the alpine marmot in the Pyrenees could be probably due to the existence of a wide supraforestal open area artificially created for pastoral use.Oral presentation given at the Euroclay 2015, held in Edinburgh (Scotland), on July 5-10th, 2015.El posible uso del nitruro de silicio en el ambito industrial se ve limitado por la dificultad y el coste que supone mecanizar geometrias complicadas. En el presente trabajo se estudia la posibilidad del uso de superaleaciones como interlamina de union entre piezas de este material. Se han seleccionado tres superaleaciones con base niquel-cromo debido a su interes tecnologico. Las uniones se han llevado a cabo por termocompresion en vacio, utilizando varias presiones y temperaturas. Se ha realizado un estudio comparativo de las intercaras de union en las tres aleaciones, analizando mediante microanalisis por energias dispersadas de Rayos X y microscopia electronica de barrido las reacciones que tienen lugar.Zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) is a mineral widely employed in the production of refractories, pigments, glazed tiles etc. The high radioactive content of this mineral stems from the presence of natural alpha emitters as U and Th. The radioactive activity of the 238 U, 235 U and 234 U, 228 Th, 230 Th and 232 Th radionuclides was measured by alpha spectrometry after isolation by radiochemical techniques. The alpha-emitters uranium and thorium irradiates internally the ceramic modifying the luminescence properties, this involves a potential use for dosimetric purposes. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve intensity of zircon is higher than the observed in other aluminosilicates measured under the same conditions. The TL maxima appearing at 280, 360 and 445°C are fairly well correlated with the differential thermal analysis (DTA). It suggests that this TL peaks could be linked to: (1) partial processes of local phase transitions and (2) alkali self-diffusion dehydroxylation phenomena when the sample is heated during the analytical measurement routine.Resumen del poster presentado a la I Reunion de Docencia y Difusion de la Microbiologia celebrada en Madrid del 12 al 13 de julio de 2012.El procesamiento coloidal de materiales ceramicos permite mejorar las propiedades finales de los productos, reduciendo el numero y tamano de los defectos, y aumentando la reproducibilidad del proceso. Esto exige, por una parte, el adecuado conocimiento de los parametros coloidequimicos y reologicos que rigen la estabilidad de la suspension y, por otra, el control de las variables especificas de cada proceso de conformado. La tecnica de colaje se ha utilizado tradicionalmente en la industria, dada su gran versatilidad, su bajo costo y la elevada uniformidad de las piezas asi obtenidas. Sin embargo, el desarrollo industrial impone la busqueda de nuevas tecnicas de conformado capaces de aunar las ventajas del colaje (como la posibilidad de obtener piezas de forma casi final, con el fin de reducir o eliminar la etapa de mecanizacion) con las propias de otros procesos (como los de prensado), como son la reduccion del ciclo de fabricacion y la automatizacion del proceso. Esto ha impulsado el desarrollo de nuevos procesos de conformado en los que la manipulacion de las propiedades coloidales de una suspension permiten obtener piezas de forma casi neta. En este trabajo se muestran las bases de dichas tecnicas y se discuten las tendencias actuales en el conformado coloidal de materiales ceramicos.Plenary lecture given at the 8th Mid-European Clay Conference, held in Kosice (Slovakia) on July 4-8th, 2016.Desde principios de este siglo, el cafe ha ocupado siempre el primer lugar en cuanto al valor de las exportaciones colombianas, y sus efectos sobre el resto del sistema economico y social han sido tan amplios que tradicionalmente se ha considerado como un sector esencial en la vida de Colombia no solo desde el punto de vista del crecimiento economico, sino, sobre todo, en funcion de lo que represento para la expansion de la frontera agricola y para la evolucion de la estructura social. Desde hace algun tiempo, sin embargo, hay otro producto, la cocaina, que ha venido a desplazar al cafe como primer producto de exportacion de Colombia. Y con ello, se abre el debate sobre si este ultimo producto ha jugado o no, en los ultimos anos, el papel que desempeno en otro tiempo el cafe como motor de transformaciones economicas y sociales.Tesis Doctoral para optar al Grado de Doctora en Quimica en la Universidad de Santiago (Departamento de Edafologia y Quimica Agricola).-- Composicion del Tribunal: Presidente: Ma Tarsy Carballas Fernandez; Vocal: Mercedes Casal Jimenez; Vocal: Carlota Garcia Paz; Vocal: Serafin Jesus Gonzalez Prieto; Secretario: Ma Teresa Barral Silva.-- Se adjunta tambien la imagen de la portadaEste trabajo ha sido financiado por la CICYT (proyecto BFM2002-00048). Los espectros de TL y RL se realizaron en la Univ. de Sussex (UK) con la ayuda del Prof. P.D. Townsend.La presente Tesis aborda el estudio de pretratamientos biologicos destinados a romper la barrera de lignina y mejorar la sacarificacion de los materiales lignocelulosicos utilizados en la obtencion de bioetanol de segunda generacion. Los pretratamientos estudiados en esta Tesis estan basados en el uso del sistema enzimatico lacasa-mediador y han demostrado ser eficaces en degradar/modificar la estructura del polimero de lignina que envuelve y protege a los carbohidratos. Las modificaciones en la estructura de la lignina permiten que los carbohidratos queden mas expuestos a las enzimas celulasas, lo que se traduce en una mejora significativa en la hidrolisis de los mismos. Por otro lado, esta Tesis tambien plantea el estudio de las interacciones que tienen lugar entre la lignina y las celulasas, y que afectan al proceso de hidrolisis de la celulosa. Estos estudios tienen como objetivo un aprovechamiento mas racional y eficaz de los materiales lignocelulosicos en la produccion de biocombustibles de segunda generacion (bioetanol). En esta Tesis se han evaluado dos sistemas lacasa-mediador. El primero esta constituido por una lacasa de alto potencial redox, obtenida del hongo basidiomiceto Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, y el mediador redox sintetico, 1-hidroxibenzotriazol (HBT). El segundo, incluye una lacasa comercial obtenida del hongo ascomiceto Myceliophthora thermophila y el mediador natural siringato de metilo (MeS). Los materiales lignocelulosicos utilizados en los pretratamientos enzimaticos con el sistema lacasa-mediador incluyeron: i) residuos agricolas de paja de trigo, el bagazo y la paja de la cana de azucar y ii) madera de paulownia (Paulownia fortunei). Para el estudio de las interacciones lignina-celulasa se utilizaron ligninas aisladas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus), paja de trigo y picea (Picea abies) . Los pretratamientos de materiales lignocelulosicos con lacasa de P. cinnabarinus en presencia/ausencia de HBT, se realizaron sobre dos materias primas, los residuos agricolas de paja de trigo y de cana de azucar, con el objeto de mejorar el rendimiento de sacarificacion enzimatica y obtencion de bioetanol de ambas materias. Primeramente se realizaron experimentos del tratamiento sobre la paja de trigo en una secuencia que incluia un solo ciclo enzimatico seguido de una extraccion alcalina con peroxido de hidrogeno. Tras la secuencia se determino el contenido en lignina (lignina Klason) y se evaluo el efecto que esta eliminacion/modificacion de lignina producia sobre la sacarificacion enzimatica (con celulasas). Este pretratamiento produjo un descenso en el contenido en lignina del 45% respecto a la materia prima y una mejora en la obtencion de glucosa del 60% tras 72 h de tratamiento con celulasas. Tambien se analizo la modificacion de la estructura de lignina con dichos tratamientos mediante resonancia magnetica nuclear bidimensional (2DRMN). Estos estudios revelaron un descenso en los enlaces β-O-4´y β-5´ asi como en las unidades de lignina p-hidroxifenilo (H), guayacilo (G) y siringilo (S), y una disminucion mas moderada de los acidos p-cumarico y ferulico, sin variacion sustancial en la unidad de tricina. Con el objeto de estudiar la eficacia del sistema lacasa-mediador sobre otras materias primas, se estudio la aplicacion del mismo sobre los residuos de la industria de la cana de azucar (bagazo y paja), en este caso utilizando una secuencia de 4 ciclos con dosis menores de enzima y mediador por ciclo. Con esta secuencia se obtuvo un descenso en el contenido en lignina del 27% y 31% para el bagazo y paja de cana de azucar respectivamente, y una mejora del 39% y 46% en el rendimiento de glucosa, en la materia pretratada de bagazo y paja, en comparacion con el control, tras las 72 h de tratamiento con celulasas. El analisis 2D-RMN revelo notables cambios en la estructura de la estructura de la lignina, observandose en ambos materiales un descenso significativo en el numero los enlaces y unidades de lignina. La eficacia del sistema lacasa-mediador volvio a quedar demostrada con el pretratamiento realizado sobre madera de paulownia con la lacasa de M. thermophila y MeS. Dicho pretratamiento consto de una secuencia de 4 ciclos (cada uno de ellos incluia un tratamiento enzimatico seguido de una extraccion alcalina). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con 50 U·g-1 de enzima y 3% de MeS, consiguiendo un descenso en lignina del 24% respecto al control y un aumento en la liberacion de glucosa del 40%. Los analisis de 2D-NMR de estos materiales revelaron un descenso en el numero de enlaces y un aumento de las unidades oxidadas de siringilo y guayacilo, tras el pretratamiento. Por ultimo, se analizaron los filtrados obtenidos durante los diferentes ciclos, encontrandose compuestos oxidados de lignina como vainillina, acido vanilico, siringaldehido y acido siringico, que corroboran la naturaleza oxidativa del pretratamiento y la consecuente deslignificacion de los materiales lignocelulosicos. Con el fin de demostrar el efecto negativo que tiene la presencia de lignina sobre las celulasas en la hidrolisis del material lignocelulosico, se aislaron las ligninas (milled wood lignin, MWL) de diferentes materias primas (eucalipto, paja de trigo y picea), y se estudio su efecto en la adsorcion y consecuente inhibicion de las celulasas (tanto sobre el coctel enzimatico, como sobre la enzima purificada) mediante microbalanza de cristal de cuarzo y resonancia de plasmon superficial. Los resultados al aplicar las celulasas sobre films recubiertos de dichas ligninas demostraron que la enzima purificada muestra menor afinidad a la adsorcion sobre el film con lignina y mayor reversibilidad de union. Tambien se observo que la afinidad mas alta en la adsorcion lignina-enzima se produce en la lignina de picea (99% unidades G) mientras que la adsorcion mas baja se produjo en la de eucalipto (70% unidades S).6 paginas, 1 tabla, 2 figuras.-- El trabajo se genera en el marco de las actividades de la Reunion del Grupo de Trabajo Ecologia, Ecofisiologia y Suelos Forestales en Actas de la II reunion sobre suelos forestales.-- Nuevas perspectivas en las relaciones suelo-arbol.-- Salamanca, 22-23 de octubre 2007. http://www.irnase.csic.es/users/lventura/C25-Acta09.pdfFuel cells convert the chemical energy of a reaction into electrical energy in a continuous and direct way. The modular construction, noise and vibration absences, operating flexibility, much lower pollutants production and higher conversion efficiency make these devices very attractive for the future of energy sector. Among the different ongoing fuel cells, planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are very promising, The operation temperature is in the region of 800°C and they are specially aimed for electricity generation in small decentralized units. However, their price is not competitive yet in comparison with conventional technology because of several problems related to materials optimization. One of the important challenges is referred to the attainment of a seal that ensures the gas-tightness of the SOFCs at the operating temperature. Classes or glass-ceramics are the most adecuated materials to fulfil the sealing requirements for this application. In the present paper a worldwide overview is given outlining the different glasses and glass-ceramics employed On the sealing of SOFC so far, as well as their properties, advantages and drawbacks and a brief description about the SOFC technology. Finally, preparation and characterization to glass-ceramics from the system SiO 2 -BaO-RO-Al 2 O 3 is put forward as possible candidates for sealing SOFC.The phase transition to perovskite-type structure, that occurs in some hexagonal manganites when foreign cations are incorporated into solid solution, has been studied. Several solid solution series belonging to the Y(Mn, Ni)O 3 , (Er, Ca)MnO 3 , (Y, Ca)MnO 3 , systems have been prepared by solid state reaction between the corresponding oxides. The crystalline structure of the different solid solutions has been established. The behaviour of the (Gd, Ca)MnO 3 system has been taken as a reference. The obtained results are discussed as a function of the tolerance factor and the Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ ratio. The transition to perovskite structure is governed by this Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ ratio rather than the increase of the tolerance factor.En los ultimos anos se ha popularizado el empleo de tecnicas reometricas tales como la medida en esfuerzo controlado o los ensayos de oscilacion. En este trabajo se revisan los conceptos basicos de reologia de suspensiones y se analizan las tecnicas reometricas mas recientes para su completa caracterizacion. A partir de una suspension previamente optimizada de porcelana sanitaria, con un contenido en solidos de 50 % en volumen, se describen y analizan distintos tipos de ensayos reologicos, los modelos de regresion mas frecuentes y sus limitaciones y las posibles formas de representar los datos de un reograma para conseguir una maxima informacion. Se discuten las posibles diferencias entre los parametros reologicos obtenidos mediante distintas determinaciones reometricas, centrando el interes en la determinacion de los puntos de fluidez, clave para distinguir un comportamiento plastico de uno pseudoplastico.The development of new coating processes has important limitations related to the films thickness and the geometry of the coating substrates. In this work, two colloidal forming processes are proposed for manufacturing ceramic and metallic coatings on the inner surface of a steel pipe. Ceramic coatings of CaCO 3 have been formed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Aqueous stable suspensions were prepared and a electrophoretic cell was designed, in which the steel tube to be coated acted simultaneously as container and working electrode. Nickel films were prepared by filling the pipe with the suspension and rotating to fully wet the steel surface. Nickel suspensions were formulated focusing an improved wettability and adherence to the steel surface by using binders. From these processes, ceramic and metallic coatings with 300-350 μm in thickness, homogeneous and strongly adhered to the inner surface of the steel pipe have been obtained.211 Pags.- Figs.- Tabls. Tesis elaborada en el Departamento de Genetica y Produccion Vegetal, de la EEAD-CSIC (abril 2015) y presentada en la Universidad de Lleida (2016).The following review summarizes the last advances in technology of ceramic membrane. In the last years these membranes and their modules compete with organic membranes in many applications due to their high thermal and chemical stability, long life and good defouling properties. The sol-gel process is considered one of the best methods for ceramic membranes synthesis, because of its ability to make thin membrane top layers of nanoscale pore diameter, with narrow pore size distribution. Characterization methods such as gas permeation, bubble point test, N 2 adsorption-desorption, Hg penetration and microscopy allow to know the structure of the membrane.Trabajo presentado a la International Seafood Conference on the ocassion of the 25th anniversary of the WEFTA, celebrada en Noordwijkerhout (Netherlands) del 13 al 16 de noviembre de 1995.Los autores hacen constar su agradecimiento a La Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, por las ayudas recibidas para la realizacion de este trabajo: ALI 91 0720, PTR 93 0061, ALI 94 0716 y ALI 95 0517.Las investigaciones sobre las epidemias de antracnosis en Andalucia han sido financiadas por los proyectos AGL96-1082 y AGL2000-1725 de la Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT).Las propiedades de un material ceramico estan intimamente relacionadas con el procesamiento seguido para su obtencion, dado que este determina en gran medida su microestructura. En este trabajo se ha disenado un material ceramico, obtenido a partir de materias primas alternativas (residuos industriales y urbanos), encaminado a retener metales pesados en aguas contaminadas, siguiendo tres procesos distintos: colaje en molde de escayola, prensado uniaxial y extrusion. Para establecer una comparativa entre ellos se han preparado, en los tres casos, en forma de anillos Raschig. Se ha procedido a la caracterizacion fisicoquimica de los materiales asi obtenidos, observandose su microestructura mediante microscopia electronica de barrido, superficie especifica (BET), medidas de densidad en mercurio y helio, absorcion de agua y porosidad. Asimismo se ha realizado un ensayo dinamico de retencion de metales pesados con estos anillos en aguas simuladas, llevando a cabo analisis quimicos mediante ICP-OES en las aguas depuradas.Se presenta la sintesis y caracterizacion de la serie de disolucion solida Ag5Pb2-xCuxO6, (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5). La sintesis se llevo a cabo mediante coprecipitacion de los nitratos de Ag(I), Pb(II) y Cu(II) en medio basico. La estructura de la serie es la del oxido Ag5Pb2O6, con el Cu(II) ocupando parcialmente los sitios octaedricos del Pb(IV). Esta sustitucion induce cambios interesantes en las propiedades de transporte electrico de los miembros de la serie, que van desde conductividad metalica a comportamiento semiconductor. El analisis Rietveld para el oxido Ag5Pb1.5Cu0.5O6, mostro un modelo estructural optimo en el que Pb y Cu comparten el sitio octaedrico en una distribucion desordenada (Pm1, a = 5.8306(9) A, c = 6.3430(6) A, V = 187.37 A3)La problematica de la inmigracion en Espana esta de plena actualidad. No hay dia en que uno abra un periodico y no encuentre noticias relacionadas, de un modo u otro, con la cuestion, aunque la poblacion extranjera no sea tan numerosa como para explicar este hecho. Lo cierto es que la situacio parece haber cogido por sorpresa al pais, que en su nueva condicion de receptor, cuando hasta hace poco sufria el proceso contrario, parece desconcertado. Este trabajo pretende ilustrar en cifras esa problematica, aspecto que creemos esencial para entender las dificultades de la sociedad para afrontar los retos que plantea la nueva situacion.Lead titanate has been prepared by a sol-gel method using titanium alkoxide and lead acetate. The addition of solid PbTiO 3 nanometer-size seeding particles (5wt%) into the precursor solution plays a crucial role during the crystallisation process. Comparing with the unseeded gels, the fraction of crystallised PbTiO 3 increases for the same temperatures of treatment. Besides, seeding reduce the presence of pyrochlore secondary phases, without using lead-rich compositions. These first results could indicate that the perovskite phase is formed directly from the amorphous phase.Paper presented at the Pure and Applied Chemistry International Conference (PACCON2014) held in Khon Kaen (Thailand) on January 8-10th 2014.En el presente trabajo se han obtenido carbonitruros de titanio TiCxN1-x de alta pureza y con caracter nanometrico, por molienda reactiva (MSR) de alta energia en un molino planetario, a partir de la mezcla de titanio con grafito o nanofibras de carbono (CNFs) en una atmosfera de nitrogeno. Una metodologia prometedora para el desarrollo de estos materiales consiste en el acoplamiento de la tecnica MSR con el sinterizado por SPS. El producto obtenido se ha sinterizado a 1400 oC y 1700 oC, obteniendose una ceramica monolitica totalmente densa (>99% d.t). En este trabajo se analizan las distintas microestructuras obtenidas en funcion del precursor de carbono y el tratamiento de SPS, evaluando las principales propiedades mecanicas de los materiales resultantes.We have investigated the frequency of replication origin usage in bacterial plasmids containing more than one potential origin. Escherichia coli recA- cells were selectively transformed with pBR322 monomers, dimers, or trimers. Plasmid DNA was isolated and digested with a restriction enzyme that cut the monomer only once, and the replicative intermediates (RIs) were analyzed by neutral/neutral two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. Evidence for initiation outside the linearized plasmid was found only for oligomers. Moreover, in dimers, the intensity of the signal indicative for external initiation was equivalent to that reflecting internal initiation, whereas it was approximately twice as strong in trimers. To determine whether initiation could occur simultaneously at two origins in a single plasmid, we studied the replication of a neodimer in which both units could be unambiguously distinguished. The results showed that although both origins were equally competent to initiate replication, only one was active per plasmid. These observations strongly suggest that in ColE1 plasmids, replication initiates at a single site even when there are several identical potential origins per plasmid. In addition to the conventional two-dimensional gel patterns, novel specific patterns were observed with intensities that varied from one DNA sample to another. These unique patterns were the result of breakage of the RIs at a replication fork. This type of breakage changes both the mass and shape of RIs. When the entire population of RIs is affected, a new population of molecules is formed that may generate a novel pattern in two-dimensional gels.Los vidrios de composicion molar 50SiO2?30BaO?20ZnO (Zn1.5-50), 55SiO2?27BaO?18ZnO (Zn1.5-55), y 55SiO2?27BaO?18MgO (Mg1.5-55) presentan buenas propiedades para su aplicacion en el sellado de pilas de combustible de oxido solido de configuracion plana y temperatura de operacion intermedia (850oC) (IT-SOFC). El sellado debe producirse a traves de la sinterizacion del polvo de vidrio, durante el arranque de la pila, a temperaturas entre 700 y 850oC. El tratamiento posterior a la temperatura de operacion da lugar a la cristalizacion de silicatos de bario con el consiguiente aumento de viscosidad y rigidez del sello. Este trabajo es un estudio del comportamiento de sinterizacion de estos vidrios utilizando diferentes velocidades de calentamiento y distribuciones de tamano de particula del polvo de vidrio, para la obtencion final de sellos densos y homogeneos. Los vidrios Zn1.5-55 y Mg1.5-55 con un tamano de particula <63 µm y tratados a 2oC/min alcanzan densidades finales superiores al 95%. Por otra parte, se ha demostrado el buen acuerdo entre las cineticas de densificacion obtenidas experimentalmente y las predichas por el modelo de sinterizacion de formacion de Clusters en ausencia de cristalizacion concurrente.A strong interest in the use of ceramics for biomedical engineering applications developed in the late 1960´s. Used initially as alternatives to metallic materials in order to increase the biocompatibility of implants, bioceramics have become a diverse class of biomaterials, presently including three basic types: relatively bioinert ceramics; bioactive or surface reactive bioceramics and bioresorbable ceramics. This review will only refer to bioceramics “sensus stricto”, it is to say, those ceramic materials constituted for nonmetallic inorganic compounds, crystallines and consolidated by thermal treatments of powders to high temperatures. Leaving bioglasses, glass-ceramics and biocements apart, since, although all of them are obtained by thermal treatments to high temperatures, the first are amorphous, the second are obtained by desvitrification of a glass and in them vitreous phase normally prevails on the crystalline phases and the third are consolidated by means of a hydraulic or chemical reaction to room temperature. A review of the composition, physiochemical properties and biological behaviour of the principal types of crystalline bioceramics is given, based on the literature data and on the own experience of the authors.  , tricalcium phosphate Materiales bioceramicos cristalinos A finales de los anos sesenta se desperto un gran interes por el uso de los materiales ceramicos para aplicaciones biomedicas. Inicialmente utilizados como una alternativa a los materiales metalicos, con el proposito de incrementar la biocompatibilidad de los implantes, las bioceramicas se han convertido en una clase diversa de biomateriales, incluyendo actualmente tres tipos: ceramicas cuasi inertes; ceramicas bioactivas o reactivas superficialmente y ceramicas reabsorbibles o biodegradables. En la presente revision se hace referencia a las bioceramicas en sentido estricto, es decir, a aquellos materiales constitutitos por compuestos inorganicos no metalicos, cristalinos y consolidados mediante tratamientos termicos a altas temperaturas. Dejando aparte los biovidrios, los vitroceramicos y los biocementos, puesto que, si bien todos ellos son obtenidos por tratamiento termicos a altas temperaturas, los primeros son amorfos, los segundos son obtenidos por desvitrificacion de un vidrio, prevaleciendo normalmente la fase vitrea sobre las fases cristalinas, y los terceros son consolidados mediante una reaccion quimica o hidraulica a temperatura ambiente. Asi pues, teniendo en cuenta la abundante bibliografia sobre el tema y la experiencia propia de los autores, se presenta una revision de la composicion, propiedades fisicoquimicas, aplicaciones y comportamiento biologico de los principales tipos de bioceramicas cristalinas. Palabras clave: alumina, zircona, alumina-circona, grafito, hidroxiapatito, silicatos bioactivos, bioeutecticos  , fosfato tricalcico.Studied the distribution and colonization process of Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota L.) in the Southern Pyrenees. Marmots became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene in the Pyrenees, and have been introduced since 1948 on the northern slope of the mountain range (France). More than 350 localizations have been recorded. Results show factors that have affected its expansion, such as: orographic barriers, mountain passes, habitat selection and human disturbance. Location is given in 2 × 2 km of the UTM squares, which indicates the existence of at least one colonyThe glass ionomer cements have been used successfully in dentistry for more than 20 years. A problem of these cements is the release of Al 3+ ions to the physiological medium, being able to cause irreversible health problems to the patients. With the purpose of avoiding this problem, cements, from the reaction between the polyacrylic acid and wollastonita (CaSiO 3 ) in a water solution of tartaric acid, have been obtained and characterized. The results have shown that these cements reach compression strength values similar to those of the conventional cements of vitreous polyalqueonate. Additionally, the obtained cements are biocompatibles and bioactives.Trabajo presentado en la XXIX Reunion de la Sociedad Espanola de la Ciencia del Suelo (SECS), celebrada en Mallorca (Espana), del 3 al 6 de septiembre de 2013Trabajo presentado en el X Congreso de la Sociedad Espanola de Malherbologia (SEMh), celebrado en Huelva (Espana), del 5 al 7 de octubre de 2005Trabajo presentado a las Jornadas sobre tecnicas de neutrones, celebradas en Deusto (Bilbao) en septiembre de 1990.SUMMARY The aim of this work was to explore the potential use of the hydrotalcite compound [Mg3Al(OH),1,C03.xH,O, (HT), and its calcined produet Mg3AlO.(OH), (HT500), as sorbents of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The amounts of TNP removed by HT depends on the pH, whereas those removed by HT500 depends on solid/solution ratio.Se ha estudiado la interdependencia entre la densidad en verde y el tamano de particula en la sinterizacion reactiva de mezclas de circon � dolomita. El tamano del polvo se ha determinado con un analizador de particula por laser y se ha controlado variando el tiempo de molienda en un molino de atricion. Se ha observado que para un mismo metodo de consolidacion la densidad de los compactos, en verde, esta relacionada con la distribucion de tamano de particula. La densidad en verde y el grado de aglomeracion influyen sobre la sinterizacion de la mezcla de polvos. Los datos experimentales indican que compactos con similar densidad en verde y menor numero de aglomerados presentan un mejor comportamiento durante la sinterizacion. Se ha probado que los parametros significativos en el proceso son el tamano de particula y/o aglomerado y caracteristicas de la mezcla tales como homogeneidad y grado de compactacion.Se presentan dos diferentes rutas de sintesis de nanopolvos de Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO): precipitacion de hidroxidos, a partir de soluciones de nitratos utilizando amonia como agente precipitante y formacion de complejos polimerizados etilene-glicol nitratos metalicos. Las caracteristicas de los polvos se determinaron por DRX, microscopia de transmision (TEM), superficie especifica por Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), y ensayos de ATD/ATG. El grado de aglomeracion de los nanopolvos y la uniformidad de los compactos en verde se ha observado por Microscopia electronica de barrido, (SEM). El tamano de poro de los compactos en verde se ha medido mediante porosimetria de Hg. El comportamiento a la sinterizacion se ha evaluado por dilatometria a velocidad de calentamiento constante y por sinterizacion isoterma a diferentes temperaturas. La evolucion microestructural se ha seguido por SEM.We study the determination of weights for two types of aggregation operators: the weighted mean and the OWA operator. We assume that there is at our disposal a set of examples for which the outcome of the aggregation operator is known. In the case of the OWA operator, we compare the results obtained by our method with another one in the literature. We show that the optimal weighting vector is reached with less cost.

Degradation of cellular mRNA is a general early apoptosis-induced event.

The fate of cellular mRNAs was analyzed in several cell lines of lymphoid origin, after induction of apoptosis by different mechanisms. Cytoplasmic mRNAs are specifically degraded as part of the early apoptotic response. This degradation is not species restricted and is independent of the cell line, the apoptotic stimulus, the intrinsic half‐life of the mRNAs, and the transcriptional status of the gene (constitutive or inducible). mRNA degradation precedes DNA fragmentation and correlates with the appearance of phosphatidylserine in the outer cell membrane. In addition, apoptosis‐induced mRNA degradation is an active process that can be dissected from other apoptotic hallmarks (degradation of annexin V, DNA, and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase [PARP]), which suggests that apoptosis‐induced mRNA degradation is controlled by a distinct signaling pathway. Furthermore, mRNA degradation also occurs in vivo, specifically during thymocyte apoptosis. Taken together, these data support the notion that degradation of mRNA is a general early apoptotic event that may become a new apoptotic hallmark.

Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover is a key event for Fas-dependent, activation-induced apoptosis in human T lymphocytes.

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Congreso de la Sociedad Espanola de Malherbologia, celebrado en Pamplona-Iruna, entre los dias 25 y 27 de octubre de 2017.La reiterada multiplicacion vegetativa de cultivares de vid (Vitis vinifera L.) de elite para la vinificacion provoca la acumulacion de variacion somatica que es explotada en la mejora varietal. Considerando la hipotesis de que variantes con ciclo largo de maduracion (baja tasa de acumulacion de azucares) pueden adaptarse mejor a condiciones de alta temperatura, en este estudio se caracterizaron 450 accesiones de ‘Tempranillo’ buscando clones que difiriesen en la duracion del ciclo de maduracion. Se preseleccionaron diez clones de ciclo largo y nueve de ciclo corto y la consistencia de su ciclo se testo sobre esquejes fructiferos. Asi se seleccionaron dos clones de ciclo largo y uno de ciclo corto, que ademas de mantener diferencias consistentes en el ciclo, presentaban un rendimiento y una produccion de antocianinas equilibrados. Se realizo un analisis transcriptomico de estos tres clones, mediante la tecnica RNA-seq, con el objetivo de identificar la variacion genetica responsable de las diferencias en el proceso de maduracion. Comparando el transcriptoma de uvas que estaban completando el envero, se detectaron posibles mutaciones puntuales responsables del fenotipo de ciclo largo en uno de los clones. Asimismo, se identifico una region cromosomica con tres genes localizados consecutivamente que se hallaban sobreexpresados en el otro clon de ciclo largo analizado. La secuencia de los transcritos de estos genes indica que la sobreexpresion se debe a la induccion especifica de uno de los alelos de cada gen, lo que sugiere la presencia de una mutacion en cis con una region reguladora en una copia del cromosoma, que causaria la sobreexpresion ectopica de los tres genes y la ralentizacion de la maduracion. Estos resultados pueden ser utiles en programas de mejora de la vid dirigidos a la adaptacion de la elaboracion de vino de calidad en condiciones de cambio climatico.4 paginas.-- 2 tablas.-- 10 referencias.-- Comunicacion oral presentada en el VIII Congreso Iberico de las Ciencias del Suelo. VIII Congresso Iberico de Ciencias do Solo. DONOSTIA-SAN SEBASTIAN. 20 - 22 junio 2018..-- El documento completo se encuentra para su descarga en http://www.cics2018.com/libro-de-abstracts/“Connected Worlds: the Caribbean, Origin of Modern World”. This project has received funding from the European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823846La crisis ha reducido las entradas por reagrupacion familiar debido a un aumento de las denegaciones y una caida de las solicitudes derivada de las dificultades economicas que atraviesan los inmigrantes y el endurecimiento de los requisitos legales. Esta caida corresponde casi en exclusiva a los no-comunitarios, para los comunitarios apenas se ha producido variacion. Las diferencias entre ambos cualitativas: los comunitarios reagrupan mayoritariamente a sus conyuges y ascendientes, mientras que los no comunitarios reagrupan sobre todo a descendientes. Por ultimo, la mayor precariedad legal de los reagrupados por regimen general se refleja tambien en autorizaciones de muy corta duracion y sometidas a requisitos economicos de renovacion mas exigentes, lo que amenaza con complicar mas aun la vida de las familias reagrupadasProject EPOS Implementation Phase (EPOS IP) (Grant Agreement no: 676564-EPOS IP Call H2020-IFRADEV-12015-1)In this paper we present a new approach to monitor noise pollution involving citizens and built upon the notions of participatory sensing and citizen science. We enable citizens to measure their personal exposure to noise in their everyday environment by using GPS-equipped mobile phones as noise sensors. The geo-localised measures and user-generated meta-data can be automatically sent and shared online with the public to contribute to the collective noise mapping of cities. Our prototype, called Noise Tube, can be found online.Trabajo presentado en el II Congreso Medio Rural, Agricultura y Cambio climatico, celebrado en Espana, en marzo de 2009Seminario: Arquitectura saadi. Marruecos siglos XVI-XVII. EEA, CSIC, LAAC (Granada), 12 y 13 de abril de 2018.Trabajo presentado al Workshop and Summer School on Field Robotics (euRathlon/ARCAS), celebrado en Sevilla (Espana) del 15 al 18 de junio de 2014.The project COINVENT acknowledges the nancial support of the Future and Emerging Tech- nologies (FET) programme within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the Eu- ropean Commission, under FET-Open Grant number: 611553PROYECTO: Alfabetizacion cientifica en la escuela: mejorar las estrategias y construir nuevas practicas de ensenanza de las ciencias en la educacion de los primeros anos (SciLit). PROGRAMA ERASMUS + DE LA UNION EUROPEA. Esta guia para el docente es el resultado de una estrecha colaboracion entre los ocho socios de este programa, de cinco paises europeos, con sus diferentes valores y culturas, metodos de trabajo, necesidades, etc. Esta pluralidad refuerza lo que une a los cientificos y maestros: el amor por el conocimiento, Que ambos grupos creen y transmitan en un espacio intelectual comun que supera cualquier tipo de fronteras. PDF de 130 paginasPoster presentado en la 2nd International Ocean Research Conference, celebrada en Barcelona del 17 al 21 de noviembre de 2014.Trabajo presentado en el International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16), celebrado en Swansea (Reino Unido), del 29 de junio al 1 de julio de 2016CPESS-5, Centro Europeo de Astronomia Espacial, ESAC en Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, del 6 al 8 de Junio de 2017. -- https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/cpess-5Trabajo presentado al Spanish JRU EGI-ENGAGE meeting celebrado en Madrid el 23 de febrero de 2015.Poster (P-FA-34 ) presentado en la XVIII Reunion de la Sociedad Espanola de Cromatografia y Tecnicas Afines (SECyTA 2018), Granada, del 2 al 4 de Octubre de 2018.Trabajo presentado en el XII Congreso de Estudiantes de la Seccion de Quimica celebrado en San Cristobal de La Laguna, Tenerife (Espana), del 11 al 13 de abril de 2016.2 .pdf Files ( extended abstract, 1 Pag.; 1 Poster copy from the original by Authors). Under Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).Trabajo presentado en la 6th European Conference on Python in Science (EuroSciPy 2013), celebrada en Bruselas del 21 al 25 de agosto de 2013.-- Editors: Pierre de Buyl, Nelle Varoquaux.-- arXiv:1405.0166Trabajo presentad en el World Aquaculture 2011, celebrado en Natal (Brasil) del 6 al 10 de junio de 2011.Comunicacion oral presentada en la European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2016 Vienna | Austria | 17–22 April 2016The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Unions Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007 - 2013) under grant agreement no. 320116 for the research p roject FamiliesAndSocieties.6 paginas.-- 4 tablas.-- 12 referencias.-- Comunicacion oral presentada en el XIII Simposio Hispano-Portugues de Relaciones Hidricas en las Plantas “Aprendiendo a optimizar el uso del agua en las plantas para hacer de nuestro entorno un ambiente mas sostenible” Libro de resumenes . 18 – 20 de octubre de 2016 Pamplona (Espana) y organizado por El Grupo de Fisiologia del Estres en Plantas (Unidad asociada al CSIC)This paper is based on a 16-year-long ethnography of mass grave exhumations in contemporary Spain and deals with the tortuous, painful, much-disputed, and incomplete unmaking of a concrete and massive militaristic inscription of Spain: that related to its last internal war (1936–1939) and subsequent dictatorship (1939–1975). To understand this process and its historical roots, the paper first dissects the formation of a “funerary apartheid” in the country since the end of the war. Second, it analyzes the impact on the social fabric of the mass grave exhumations of Republican civilians that started in the year 2000. Third, it traces how these disinterments have intersected with Spain’s most prominent Francoist stronghold, the Valley of the Fallen, and threaten the dictator’s burial place. Finally, it discusses the parallel dismantling of the dictatorship’s official statuary that once presided over prominent public spaces in many cities and some military quarters. It argues that rolling back militarization by dismantling war-derived cartographies of death, challenging military burial arrangements, or degrading statues of generals necessarily involves a certain level of remilitarizing by other means. I call this mirroring and deeply embodied memorial backfiring “phantom militarism.”Trabajo presentado al XII Congreso de la Sociedad Espanola para la Conservacion y Estudio de los Mamiferos (SECEM), celebrado en Burgos (Espana) del 4 al 7 de diciembre de 2015.Dynamic models of PEM stacks are the basis to design controllers for appropriate performance, maximum efficiency and minimum degradation. Fluid dynamic models of different dimensions can be found in the literature; however, these models are rarely used to improve the control laws and strategies. This work presents a control oriented 1+1D model (distributed in the direction of the stack flow channels). The model is based on a similar model presented by M. Mangold [1], is implemented in MATLAB Simulink. The model is validated using experimental data of a Powercell stack.Authors gratefully acknowledge MICINN Projects AGL2 008-00344/AGR and HA2008-0014 and FEDER financial support from the European Union.Comunicacion presentada en el 10th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish, celebrado en Olhao, Portugal, del 25 al 30 de mayo de 2014Trabajo presentado al 18th International Symposiun on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (Ro-Man), celebrado en Toyama (Japon) del 27 de septiembre al 2 de octubre de 2009.Trabajo presentado en el FENS Regional Meeting, celebrado en Belgrado (Sebia), del 10 al 13 de julio de 2019This thesis is devoted to design Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies aiming to enhance the management of constrained generalised flow-based networks, with special attention to the economic optimisation and robust performance of such systems. Several control schemes are developed in this thesis to exploit the available economic information of the system operation and the disturbance information obtained from measurements and forecasting models. Dynamic network flows theory is used to develop control-oriented models that serve to design MPC controllers specialised for flow networks with additive disturbances and periodically time-varying dynamics and costs. The control strategies developed in this thesis can be classified in two categories: centralised MPC strategies and non-centralised MPC strategies. Such strategies are assessed through simulations of a real case study: the Barcelona drinking water network (DWN). Regarding the centralised strategies, different economic MPC formulations are first studied to guarantee recursive feasibility and stability under nominal periodic flow demands and possibly time-varying economic parameters and multi-objective cost functions. Additionally, reliability-based MPC, chance-constrained MPC and tree-based MPC strategies are proposed to address the reliability of both the flow storage and the flow transportation tasks in the network. Such strategies allow to satisfy a customer service level under future flow demand uncertainty and to efficiently distribute overall control effort under the presence of actuators degradation. Moreover, soft-control techniques such as artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic are used to incorporate self-tuning capabilities to an economic certainty-equivalent MPC controller. Since there are objections to the use of centralised controllers in large-scale networks, two non-centralised strategies are also proposed. First, a multi-layer distributed economic MPC strategy of low computational complexity is designed with a control topology structured in two layers. In a lower layer, a set of local MPC agents are in charge of controlling partitions of the overall network by exchanging limited information on shared resources and solving their local problems in a hierarchical-like fashion. Moreover, to counteract the loss of global economic information due to the decomposition of the overall control task, a coordination layer is designed to influence non-iteratively the decision of local controllers towards the improvement of the overall economic performance. Finally, a cooperative distributed economic MPC formulation based on a periodic terminal cost/region is proposed. Such strategy guarantees convergence to a Nash equilibrium without the need of a coordinator and relies on an iterative and global communication of local controllers, which optimise in parallel their control actions but using a centralised model of the network.Resumen del poster presentado al XII Simposio Nacional y X Iberico de Maduracion y Postcosecha (POST18), celebrado en Badajoz del 4 al 7 de junio de 2018.Trabajo presentado al EGI Community Forum, celebrado en Bari (Italia) del 10 al 13 de noviembre de 2015.Trabajo presentado al III Congreso Iberoamericano de Hidrogeno y Pilas de Combustible (IberConappice), celebrado en Huesca del 17 al 20 de octubre de 2017.Trabajo presentado al 8th International Symposium on Nanotechnology, Occupational and Environmental Health, celebrado en Elsinore (Dinamarca) del 29 de mayo al 1 de junio de 2017.Trabajo presentado en el Aquaculture Europe 16 (Food for Thought), celebrado en Edimburgo del 20 al 23 de septiembre de 2016.Trabajo presentado en la SETAC Europe 25th Annual Meeting (Environmental protection in a multi-stressed world: challenges for science, industry and regulators), celebrada en Barcelona del 3 al 7 de mayo de 2015.Trabajo presentado en la XXV Reunion Bienal de Quimica Organica celebrada en Alicante del 4 al 6 de junio de 2014.8 pages, 4 figures, 15 references.-- International Symposium on Olive Irrigation and Oil Quality, Nazareth, Israel.Trabajo presentado a la 2nd Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI), celebrado en Sousse (Tunisia) del 10 al 13 de octubre de 2019.Trabajo presentado en la Third International Legume Society Conference ILS3 2019 (Legumes for human and planet health), celebrada en Poznan (Polonia) del 21 al 24 de mayo de 2019.he European Grid Initiative (EGI) provides a sustainable pan-European Grid computing infrastructure for e-Science based on a network of regional and national Grids. The middleware driving this production infrastructure is constantly adapted to the changing needs of the EGI Community by deploying new features and phasing out other features and components that are no longer needed. Unlike previous e-Infrastructure projects, EGI does not develop its own middleware solution, but instead sources the required components from Technology Providers and integrates them in the Unified Middleware Distribution (UMD). In order to guarantee a high quality and reliable operation of the infrastructure, all UMD software must undergo a release process that covers the definition of the functional, performance and quality requirements, the verification of those requirements and testing in production environments.Trabajo presentado al VI Workshop Probioticos, Prebioticos y Salud: Evidencia Cientifica, celebrado en Oviedo del 5 al 6 de febrero de 2015. Abstract en Nutricion Hospitalaria 31(suplemento 1): pagina 130.Comunicacion presentada en el 10th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish, celebrado en Olhao, Portugal, del 25 al 30 de mayo de 2014A sterol esterase purified from cultures of the sapstain fungus Ophiostoma piceae was able to hydrolyse sterol esters and glycerides. The kinetics of sterol esters and triglyceride hydrolysis by this new esterase, estimated using a pH-stat, showed a Kmapp and a kcatapp in the range of 0.9–1.1 mM and 70–300 s-1, respectively. Its ability to hydrolyse both pure sterol esters and natural mixtures of saponifiable lipids from eucalypt wood was compared with those of commercial sterol esterases from other microbial sources. Its specific activity on sterol esters was higher than that found with all the commercial esterases assayed, and the highest hydrolysis of eucalypt sterol esters was also attained using the O. piceae esterase. This sterol esterase could be of biotechnological interest for the hydrolysis of sterol esters that form pitch deposits in paper pulp manufacturing.Tradicionalmente no ha sido fácil trabajar con los datos de satélite debido a la complejidad de los formatos, el tamaño de los propios datos y la necesidad de tener un software de lectura muy especializado. La motivación que hay detrás de éste proyecto ha sido la de desarrollar una interfase que facilite el uso de los datos satélite permitiendo un cierto nivel de manipulación y mejora de las imágenes. Generalizando, en teledetección, se puede pensar en dos tipos de usuarios de los datos satélites: los que necesitan trabajar con los datos brutos y aquellos que tienen suficiente con una visión cualitativa y, en definitiva, les basta con las imágenes de satélite procesadas. Es para estos últimos que se ha construido Revista de Teledetección. 2006. Número Especial: 105-108Forest fires are a major factor of disturbance in many terrestrial ecosystems, especially in European areas under Mediterranean type of climate. This is due to the confluence of specific climatic, ecological and socio-economic conditions. Fire produces important changes in soil organic matter (SOM) both qualitatively and quantitatively, which, in turn, affect relevant physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. These changes also affect a large number of related biotic and abiotic factors and processes. The main objective of this PhD Thesis is to deepen the knowledge of the impact of forest fires on SOM in relation to changes in soil water repellency, using advanced techniques of molecular analysis. Due to the high number of variables that may influence soil water repellency and the chemical alteration of organic matter after fire, we chose the sandy soils of the Donana National Park for this study, with well-known and relatively simple composition. In any case, we have followed the classical scheme of comparison of burnt soils with unaffected soils (control), under the same geomorphological and climatic characteristics. Water repellency is one of the main edaphic properties affected by forest fires. This physical property reduces the affinity of soil for water, which carries important hydrological, geomorphological and ecological consequences. Fire-induced changes of soil water repellency can be due to numerous factors, although it is generally accepted that the alteration of SOM and, in particular, of its more labile fraction (lipid fraction) is the main variable involved in this process. Due to their environmental implications, there are currently countless works on the effects of fire on SOM and water repellency, which are reviewed in chapter 1. However, the current state of knowledge shows some gaps and aspects insufficiently studied, due either to the complexity of the soil system or to the lack of adequate analytical techniques. Numerous scientific studies indicate that both the type of vegetation and the chemical composition of SOM strongly influence soil water repellency. These studies have focused mainly on the study of complete soils both at the surface and at different depths. However, available information on the influence of organic matter and vegetation on the degree of hydrophobicity of different soil physical fractions is limited. This aspect is studied in detail in chapter 3. In particular, the relation between soils under different vegetation cover, dominated by cork oaks (Quercus suber), eagle fern (Pteridium aquilinum), pine (Pinus pinea) and rockrose (Halimium halimifolium), the amount and quality of organic matter, and water repellency in four particle sieve fractions (1-2, 0.25-1, 0.05-0.25 and <0.05 mm). We observed that the degree of water repellency was significantly different, both among soils under different vegetation cover and among different sieve fractions, with soils under cork oak showing the highest severity of water repellency. In addition, we found a clear relation between the amount of SOM and the degree of water repellency. On the other hand, the molecular analysis of the organic matter from sieve fractions by analytical pyrolysis techniques let us find a relation between the quality of MOS and soil water repellency, the presence of long-chained fatty acids and the degree of humification (evolution) of SOM in the different fractions. The impact of fire on water repellency and SOM was studied especially in soils under cork oaks, due to the greater organic contribution of this type of vegetation, the severe soil water repellency and its pyrophilic character. For the most detailed study, the number of studied sieve fractions was expanded to 6 (1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5, 0.1-0.25, 0.05-0.1 and <0.05 mm), including also the complete sample. It is known that impacts caused by forest fires on soils are related to changes in SOM. Fire favors the modification or formation of new chemical structures, besides contributing to mass outputs and inputs, such as the contribution of fresh biomass or more or less carbonized residues. This idea has predominated in the focus of a great number of research works, which have aimed to the study of complete soils or some of their horizons. However, the knowledge about the effect of fire on soil granulometric fractions is little known and that is why we consider some relevant questions, such as i) does the chemical composition of organic matter from different sieve fractions vary?, ii) does fire cause the same impact on all fractions?, or iii) what chemical reactions does fire induce in the different particle size fractions? In chapters 4, 5 and 6, we try to give answers to these questions, by means of detailed studies of the molecular composition of the organic matter present in the different fractions. With this aim, we used advanced analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry of isotopic relations of carbon and hydrogen (13C and 2H, respectively) (chapter 4), analytical pyrolysis (chapter 5) and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (chapter 6). The study of the isotopic composition of 13C confirms the existence of two compartments of organic matter with different degrees of evolution. The larger sieve fractions contain slightly evolved organic matter, impoverished in 13C and with δ13C values not different from leaf biomass, while finer fractions showed a more evolved organic material, enriched in 13C. Fire produced no changes in this trend, although an increase in the 13C content was observed in all affected fractions. This process may be explained by selective removal of light compounds (lower 13C content) or incorporation of charred residues. The study of the isotopic composition of 2H showed the existence of two differentiated water compartments in the upper centimeters of soil and dependent on the size of particles. No homogeneous behavior of the 2H composition after the fire was observed. The results obtained stimulated a more detailed study (chapters 5 and 6) of the molecular composition of SOM and the different reaction mechanisms induced by fire, focusing now on the fractions of larger (1-2 mm) and finer (<0.05 mm) sizes. For this, graphical tools such as the van Krevelen and Kendrick mass diagrams were used, as well as different indices or geochemical proportions (namely, the index of preferred carbon of short- and long-chained alkanes ratio, C<24/C≥24. The analysis of the SOM composition confirmed the existence of two different compartments of organic carbon in the first centimeters of soil with a different contribution of fire. In the larger fraction (1-2 mm), influenced by lignocellulosic material, fire produced a removal of lipid compounds and an increase of aromatics, with relatively high contribution of lignin-derived material. This may be due to a posteriori input of partially burnt material. On the other hand, humic compounds from the finer fraction, mostly formed by lipid and protein compounds, did not show significant variations after fire. However, an increase in exogenous pyromorphic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), was detected along with a relative increase of lignin-derived substances. The different molecular composition of studied fractions showed that fire induces different reactions depending on the quality of SOM. Variations in the preferential carbon index and in the proportion of long-chained alkanes aims to the existence of thermal cracking processes. In turn, fire-induced condensation contributed to the increased aromaticity of SOM. However, fire favored reduction reactions in the larger sieve fraction, with a decrease in the atomic O/C ratio but not affecting the H/C ratio. Therefore, it is possible that fire altered the outermost and accessible areas of the organic macromolecules, removing functional groups contaning oxygen but not altering the main molecular structures. Different scientific studies have highlighted an association between soil water repellency and SOM quality, particularly to the proportion and composition of certain lipid compounds. Chapter 7 aims to the study of the impact of fire on the lipid composition of organic matter from different sieve fractions of sandy soils under cork oaks and its relation with the changes in the degree of soil water repellency, using quantitative chromatographic techniques. The main results showed that the severity of water repellency in different sieve fractions varied significantly (p <0.05) after a fire. As observed in Chapter 3, we observed a relation between SOM quantity and quality and water repellency in burnt soils. The analysis of the lipid composition (acid and neutral compounds) confirmed the existence of two compartments of soil organic carbon, with fire causing different alterations in each of them. The proportion of long-chained faty acids increased in all burnt fractions except for the largest one (1-2 mm). This suggests the existence of a contribution of partially burnt material with a relatively high contribution of compounds derived from small-sized fatty acids, so confirming the exogenous contribution of charred cork residues. The decrease in both the quantity and the length of organic acid chains in the burnt larger sieve fraction confirms the existence of a thermal breakdown reaction. This cracking has also been observed in the n-alkane series. Finally, the comparative analysis of soil water repellency and related variables shows that water repellency depends on both the quantity and the quality of SOM and is strongly related to the presence of long-chained fatty acids. These may be considered as surrogate biomarkers of hydrophobicity in sandy soils.NGA was the recipient of a JAE-Predoc contract from Institut d’Investigacions Biome`diques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti´ficas (CSIC) (‘‘Junta para la Ampliacio´n de Estudios’’, partly funded by the European Social Fund of the European Union). CV was the recipient of a fellowship from ‘‘La Caixa’’ foundation. This study was supported by grants PI081396 and PI100378 from the Instituto Carlos III of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio´n of Spain. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.154 paginas.-- Tesis doctoral leida en el Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Tecnologias del Medio Ambiente de la Universidad de Zaragoza.161 Pags.- Tabls.- Figs. Tesis doctoral Univ. Zaragoza, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, realizada, bajo la direccion de los Drs. Yolanda Gogorcena y Juan Jose Barriuso, en la Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD-CSIC) y en el Centro de de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA). Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).Trabajo presentado en Aquaculture Europe (Adding value), celebrado en San Sebastian del 14 al 17 de octubre de 2014.Resumen del poster presentado al VIII International Congress on Analytical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, celebrado en Barcelona (Espana) del 3 al 5 de julio de 2017.-- et al.Resumen del trabajo presentado al International Symposium on Green Chemistry (ISGC), celebrado en La Rochelle (Francia) del 16 al 19 de mayo de 2017.Resumen del trabajo presentado al 1st FEBS3+, celebrado en Barcelona (Espana) del 23 al 26 de octubre de 2017.The spider fauna of Albania is still insuffi ciently studied. The present list was compiled after a critical review of the existing literature data and taxonomic review of some available collections. The study comprises 335 species from 36 families. In this number, 197 species are new to the spider fauna of the country. According to their current distribution the species can be assigned to 18 zoogeographical catego- ries, grouped into 5 complexes (Cosmopolitic, Holarctic, European, Mediterranean, Endemics). Dominant are Holarctic species (56.4%) followed by European (16.4%) and Mediterranean (16.2%). The endemics (8%) are also well presented and refl ect the local character of the fauna and the main role of the Balkan Peninsula in its origin and formation.Resumen del trabajo presentado al XIVth Congress of the Spanish Biophysical Society, celebrado en Alcala de Henares (Madrid-Espana) del 11 al 13 de junio de 2014.Seminario: Arquitectura saadi. Marruecos siglos XVI-XVII. EEA, CSIC, LAAC (Granada), 12 y 13 de abril de 2018.Trabajo presentado a las XXVI Jornadas Tecnicas SEAE y al X Seminario Agroecologia, Cambio Climatico y Agroturismo: “Innovacion Agroecologica y Cambio Climatico”, celebrado en Orihuela del 19 al 20 de ocubre de 2017.This document has been prepared in the framework of the project for supporting the establishment of MPAs in open seas, including deep seas, with financial support of the European CommissionPoster (P-EA-22) presentado en la XVIII Reunion de la Sociedad Espanola de Cromatografia y Tecnicas Afines (SECyTA 2018), Granada, del 2 al 4 de Octubre de 2018.The expectations raised in the mid-1980s on the potential of genetic engineering for in situ remediation of environmental pollution have not been entirely fulfilled. Yet, we have learned a good deal about the expression of catabolic pathways by bacteria in their natural habitats, and how environmental conditions dictate the expression of desired catalytic activities. The many different choices between nutrients and responses to stresses form a network of transcriptional switches which, given the redundance and robustness of the regulatory circuits involved, can be neither unraveled through standard genetic analysis nor artificially programmed in a simple manner. Available data suggest that population dynamics and physiological control of catabolic gene expression prevail over any artificial attempt to engineer an optimal performance of the wanted catalytic activities. In this review, several valuable spin-offs of past research into genetically modified organisms with environmental applications are discussed, along with the impact of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology in the future of environmental biotechnology.Advanced computing has become a crucial factor in most areas of science , in some cases may be as critical as the experimental observation . The data analysis and experimental validation of these needs by observation instruments (detectors , sensors, etc ... ) the ability to communicate and interact with computing resources and software tools capable of storing and formatting the scientists analyzed data . This multidisciplinary and collaborative environment is what is known as e- Science . In this work, several solutions have been developed to facilitate transparent access to distributed resources that allow scientists to access a limited specific training are presented herein . The problems that have been addressed have to do with interactivity in access to resources , and the design of workflows. This will be made up of various elements simulate complex systems that interact with each other. Throughout all the work we have collaborated with researchers in Nuclear Fusion and Astrophysics to implement solutions in real scientific computing environments for researchers. Several examples of complex workflows , which are prototypes of what will be a platform for simulation of plasma from a fusion reactor and analysis for the WBC / Planck experiment are presented . Thus we have demonstrated the versatility of the developed tools , when applied to more than one scientific discipline.During the last years biofuel fuel cells (BFCs) have attracted great interest due to their possible applications, especially as electrical power sources for in vivo or ex vivo applications. In BFCs enzymes can be used as biocatalysts for fuel oxidation at the anode and oxidant reduction at the cathode. The majority of EFCs use oxygen-reducing enzymes at the cathode, and glucose-oxidizing enzymes at the anode, as they are very common substrates present in most human physiological fluids. Two multi-copper oxidases, laccase and bilirubin oxidase, and cellobiose dehydrogenase have been studied as possible biocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and glucose oxidation, respectively. Laccases usually exhibit higher activity at acid pH and they are more inhibited in the presence of chloride ions than bilirubin oxidase. Therefore, native laccases have been engineered by directed evolution for obtaining mutants that show activity also under physiological conditions, and cysteine residues have been introduced by site-directed mutagenesis for oriented immobilization on gold electrodes. The major aim of the Thesis has been the development of biocathodes as they represent the rate-limiting part of the BFC due to the low O2 availability in human body. The development of the bioelectrodes was carried out paying special attention to the different electrode materials and immobilization strategies used to manufacture the biodevices. Indeed, a good immobilization strategy enhances the long-term stability of the biodevice while achieving efficient wiring of the enzyme. Additionally, a larger surface area of the support material allows higher enzyme loading, therefore increasing the current density developed. Gold nanorods, macroporous gold, indium tin oxide and carbonaceous materials have been used for this purpose, obtaining current densities up to 1.5 mA/cm2 for bioelectrocatalytic O2 reduction. Direct electron transfer (DET) based systems are preferred as some possible drawbacks of using mediators are overcome and allow making the miniaturization of the BFC easier. For these reason, all the immobilization strategies presented were developed in order to optimize DET between the enzyme and the electrode surface. Combination of a conventional BFC with electrochemical capacitors is also presented in order to overcome the limitations of both systems, achieving a maximum power output of 0.6 µW at an operating voltage of 0.15 V. This hybrid biodevice was also tested in ex vivo conditions by connecting it directly to the dorsal venous of a human volunteer.Financial support for this study was provided by the Comunidad Autonoma of Madrid (Spain) and European funding from FEDER program (research project S2013/ABI-3028, AVANSECAL-CM). Dra. Gema Flores thanks CSIC for her JAE-Doc contract.The problem of achieving common understanding between agents that use different vocabularies has been mainly addressed by designing techniques that explicitly negotiate mappings between their vocabularies, requiring agents to share a meta-language. In this paper we consider the case of agents that use different vocabularies and have no meta-language in common, but share the knowledge of how to perform a task, given by the specification of an interaction protocol. For this situation, we present a framework that lets agents learn a vocabulary alignment from the experience of interacting. Unlike previous work in this direction, we use open protocols that constrain possible actions instead of defining procedures, making our approach more general. We present two techniques that can be used either to learn an alignment from scratch or to repair an existent one, and we evaluate experimentally their performance.Resumen del trabajo presentado al Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Europe 27th Annual Meeting, celebrado en Bruselas (Belgica) del 7 al 11 de mayo de 2017.This work was supported by the project AGL2012-40128-C03-01 and EU-FEDER funds from the Spanish government.espanolLos margenes de los campos reciben muchas denominaciones locales (linderos, ribazos, etc.) y pueden ser motivo de preocupacion para los agricultores por albergar especies arvenses que pueden devenir infestantes del cultivo. Pero su estudio tambien ha reflejado que pueden ser beneficiosos si albergan diversidad vegetal, la que atraeria a su vez diversidad animal. Estudios recientes realizados en Espana arrojan resultados aparentemente contradictorios y por este motivo se realiza una descripcion de la tipologia de margenes existentes en Espana. Se constata que las diferencias de anchura, altura y pendiente entre margenes, el tipo de vegetacion cercano, asi como la intensidad de la perturbacion que se ejerce en ellos son posiblemente los principales factores que explican porque algunos margenes albergan especies potencialmente nocivas (malas hierbas) y otros no. EnglishThe field margins receive many local names and can cause trouble to farmers if they host weeds that can infest the nearby fields. But their study has shown that they be beneficial if they harbor vegetal diversity, which can attract animal diversity. Recent studies conducted in Spain show apparently contradictory results an due to this, a description of the margin types found in this country is shown in this communication. We confirm that differences in margins width, height and slope, the type of natural vegetation in the area and the disturbance intensity on the margins are probably the main factors explaining why some margins host potentially harmful plant species (weeds) and others do not.22nd IMEKO TC4 International Symposium & 20th International Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing, 14-15 September 2017, Iasi, Romania.-- 6 pages, 8 figures, 1 tableXIX Seminario Iberico de Quimica Marina (SIQUIMAR), VI Simposio Internacional de Ciencias del Mar - VI International Symposium of Marine Sciences (ISMS 2018), 20- 22 June 2018, Vigo.-- 1 pageSAF2016-77703-C2-2-R of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); AGAUR 2017-SGR-106 and the CERCA Programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya; R. Copas and C. Sanfeliu belong to Group 05 of CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, SpainResumen del poster presentado al I Congreso Interdisciplinar en Genetica Humana, celebrado en Madrid del 25 al 28 de abril de 2017.-- et al.Trabajo presentado en Aquaculture Europe 19 (Our future, growing from water), celebrado en Berlin del 7 al 10 de octubre de 2019.Trabajo presentado a la Dynamics of Institutions and Markets in Europe (DIME) Final Conference celebrada del 6 al 8 de abril de 2011 en Maastricht (Paises Bajos).Compared to machines, humans are intelligent and dexterous; they are indispensable for many complex tasks in areas such as flexible manufacturing or scientific experimentation. However, they are also subject to fatigue and inattention, which may cause errors. This motivates automated monitoring systems that verify the correct execution of manipulation sequences. To be practical, such a monitoring system should not require laborious programming.Trabajo presentado en el 18th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF. 40 years of research in fish nutrition), celebrado en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria del 3 al 7 de junio de 2018.Comunicacion oral presentada en la 6th European Conference on Cyclodextrins. Abstracts book pag. 14 (2019)Seminario: Arquitectura saadi. Marruecos siglos XVI-XVII. EEA, CSIC, LAAC (Granada), 12 y 13 de abril de 2018.Trabajo presentado a la 21st Topical Conference on High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics, celebrada en Madison, Wisconsin (US) del 5 al 9 de junio de 2016.3 paginas, 3 tablas.- Trabajo presentado al: XVIII Jornadas sobre Produccion Animal AIDA. Zaragoza, Espana, 7-8 mayo 2019.5 paginas.-- 3 figuras.-- 2 tabla.-- 8 referencias.-- Comunicacion presentadoa en el XIV Simposio Internacional Hispano-Portugues de Relaciones Hidricas en Plantas de la Sociedad Espanola y Portuguesa de Fisiologia Vegetal.“La fisiologia como valor anadido para la comercializacion”Trabajo presentado al 48th West European FishTechnologists Association Meeting (WEFTA), celebrado en Lisboa (Portugal) del 15 al 18 de octubre de 2018.Trabajo presentado en la 2nd European conference on Xylella fastidiosa (how research can support solutions), celebrada en Ajaccio el 29 y 30 de octubre de 2019.The synthesis of the 5-hydroxyproline derivatives 3a and 3b using cyclobutane serine analogs 1 and 2 as starting materials is reported. This process occurs with moderate cis/trans selectivity. A mechanism for this reaction is also proposed. Cyclobutane serine analog 1 was tested in tandem Michael and Wittig-like reactions, providing some evidence of the mechanism proposed.Trabajo realizado dentro del proyecto “El Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales entre 1939 y 1985: de la disgregacion a la reunificacion en su contexto nacional e internacional” (Ref. HAR2016-76125-P).Trabajo presentado en Aquaculture Europe 19 (Our future, growing from water), celebrado en Berlin del 7 al 10 de octubre de 2019.Resumen del trabajo presentado en el 19th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins (SEISMIX 2020), celebrado del 15 al 19 de marzo de 2020 en AustraliaTrabajo presentado en la 12th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ICPA), celebrada en Sacaramento (US) del 20 al 23 de julio de 2014.Resumen del poster presentado a la European Human Genetics Conference, celebrada en Barcelona (Espana) del 21 al 24 de mayo de 2016.-- et al.Resumen del poster presentado a la VIII Reunion Cientifica Anual del Centro de Investigacion Biomedica En Red de Enfermedades Raras, celebrada en San Lorenzo del Escorial (Madrid) los dias 12 y 13 de marzo de 2015.Poster presentado en la 34th Annual International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT) y en la 13th European Conference on Thermoelectrics(ECT), celebradas en Dresden del 28 de junio al 2 de julio de 2015.Poster presentado en la 6th European Conference on Cyclodextrins. Santiago de Compostela, Oclober 2-4, 2019Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito dos projetos Metalurgia Primitiva no Territorio Portugues – EARLYMETAL (PTDC/HIST-ARQ/110442/2008) e Espacos Naturais, Arquiteturas, Arte rupestre e Deposicoes na Pre-historia Recente da Fachada Ocidental do Centro e Norte Portugues: das Acoes aos Significados - ENARDAS (PTDC/HISARQ/112983/2009), financiado pelo Programa Operacional Tematico Factores de Competitividade (COMPETE) e comparticipados pelo Fundo Comunitario Europeu FEDER. Os autores agradecem a Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) as bolsas individuais (SFRH/ BD/65143/2009) e (SFRH/BPD/73245/2010) concedidas a Joao Fonte e Elin Figueiredo, respetivamente, e o apoio financeiro concedido ao CENIMAT/I3N atraves do Projecto Estrategico LA25/2013-2014 (PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2011); a Joe Horst os esclarecimentos gentilmente cedidos sobre as condicoes de achado; a empresa Metais Jaime Dias, S.A. e ao Dr. Normando Ramos a possibilidade do uso do equipamento de FRX portatil para o estudo preliminar da colecao metalica e a equipa do Museu D. Diogo de Sousa, em Braga, o tratamento e fotografia do conjunto.13 GLOSSARY OF RELEVANT TERMS 17RS received support from the Czech Ministry of Culture (project MK00002327201) and from the SYNTHESYS Programme (project ES-TAF-1249), financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Programme at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC).Poster presentado en el XII Congreso de los Grupos de Investigacion Enologica (GIENOL 2013, Nuevas perspectivas en investigacion vitivinicola), celebrado en Madrid del 18 al 21 de junio de 2013.Trabajo presentado al Delft Software Days, celebrado en Netherlands del 5 al 16 de noviembre de 2018.Trabajo presentado al Spanish JRU EGI-ENGAGE meeting celebrado en Madrid el 23 de febrero de 2015.The genetic analysis of dorsoventral patterning in Drosophila has identified a zinc-finger gene, snail, that is required for mesoderm formation. The cloning and nuclease protection analysis of a Xenopus homologue of this gene has suggested a possible role in the mesoderm of vertebrates. Here, we describe the cloning of a murine homologue of snail, Sna, and in situ hybridisation studies of its developmental expression. Sequence analysis reveals substantial conservation of the second to fifth zinc fingers, but not of the first zinc finger in the Sna gene. Expression occurs in the ectoplacental cone, parietal endoderm, embryonic and extraembryonic mesoderm, in neural crest and in condensing precartilage. Based on the timing and spatial restriction of expression in embryonic mesoderm, we suggest that Sna might be required for the early development of this tissue, as is the case for its Drosophila counterpart. In addition, we propose that Sna might have an analogous role in the development of neural crest. The expression in condensing precartilage indicates that this gene also has a later function in chondrogenesis.Este trabajo se centra en la sintesis de nuevos nanohibridos dador-aceptor (D/A) de politiofeno solubles en medios acuosos y en la elucidacion de la interaccion electronica entre las unidades D/A como en el funcionamiento de los nanohibridos en forma de peliculas delgadas en aplicaciones optoelectronicas. Utilizando tecnicas de auto-ensamblaje in-situ de politiofeno en presencia de diferentes nanomateriales como son el oxido de grafeno, puntos cuanticos de semiconductores o laminas de dicalcogenuros de metales de transicion se ha conseguido la formacion de complejos de transferencia de carga, solubles en agua y con superiores propiedades electronicas de relevancia para el desarrollo de dispositivos optoelectronicos basados en peliculas delgadas210 Pags.- Figs.- Fots.- Tabls. Tesis realizada en la Unidad de Suelos y Riegos (Unidad Asociada EEAD-CSIC). Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0),Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco de ERAWATCH, una iniciativa conjunta de la Direccion General de Investigacion de la Comision Europea y el Instituto de Prospectiva Tecnologica (IPTS).La investigacion ha sido posible gracias a la financiacion del Proyecto 2091 de la Universidad Politecnica de Valencia y del Proyecto P08-SEJ-03981 de la Junta de Andalucia.Oral presentation given at the 16th European Microscopy Congress, held in Lyon (France) from August 28th to September 2nd, 2016.Trabajo presentado en la European Conference on Xylella 2017 (Finding answers to a global problem), celebrada en Palma de Mallorca del 13 al 15 de noviembre de 2017.Master 2° Annee Biologie, Ecologie, Evolution (M2 BEE). Universite de Poitiers. Faculte des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquees.Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Quimica,17-21 julio 2017. -- http://www.bienalrsef2017.com/bienalrsef17/The work is under the scope of the following projects: Cargo-ANTS: Cargo handling by Automated Next generation Transportation Systems for ports and terminals.Seminario: Arquitectura saadi. Marruecos siglos XVI-XVII. EEA, CSIC, LAAC (Granada), 12 y 13 de abril de 2018.Trabajo presentado en el LV Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio, celebrado en Sevilla (Espana), del 5 al 7 de octubre de 2016Poster presentado en el First Joint Meeting on Soil and Plant System Sciences (SPSS 2019) Natural and Human-induced Impacts on the Critical Zone and Food Production. Bari, Italy 23-26 September 2019Trabajo presentado en el V Workshop The cultivation of the Soles, celebrado en Faro (Portugal) del 5 al 7 de abril de 2011.Web tematica.-- Proposito: divulgativo.-- Estado del proyecto: actualizacion continua.-- Fecha de la consulta: 2018-01-08.Trabajo de investigacion desarrollado por el ingeniero Juan Antonio Moreno-Cid Mora para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.Trabajo presentado en la XXVI Reunion Bienal de Quimica Organica de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Quimica, celebrada en Punta Umbria, Huelva (Espana) del 14 al 17 de junio de 2016.Trabajo presentado en la European Conference on Xylella 2017 (Finding answers to a global problem), celebrada en Palma de Mallorca del 13 al 15 de noviembre de 2017.We introduce the logics E(G) for reasoning about probabilistic expectation over classes G of games with discrete polynomial payoff functions represented by finite-valued Lukasiewicz formulas and provide completeness and complexity results. In addition, we introduce a new class of games where players’ expected payoff functions are encoded by E(G)-formulas. In these games each player’s aim is to randomise her strategic choices in order to affect the other players’ expectations over an outcome as well as their own. We offer a logical and computational characterisation of this new class of games.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-FEDER grants AGL2009-08339/AGR and AGL2015-71386-R.Trabajo presentadso en la Jornada de divulgacion y presentacion en Espana del Proyecto POnTE (Plagas que amenazan a los cultivos y los bosques de Europa. El caso de Xylella fastidiosa en el olivar), celebrada el 14 de diciembre de 2016 en Madrid.4 paginas.-- 1 figuras.-- 3 tablas.-- 3 referencias.-- Comunicacion presentada en el >VII Congresso Iberico das Ciencias do Solo (CICS 2016) y VI Congresso Nacional de Rega e Drenagem> que decorreu no Instituto Politecnico de Beja de 13 a 15 de Setembro de 2016.

Selective Impairment of P2Y Signaling by Prostaglandin E2 in Macrophages: Implications for Ca2+-Dependent Responses

Extracellular nucleotides have been recognized as important modulators of inflammation via their action on specific pyrimidine receptors (P2). This regulation coexists with the temporal framework of proinflammatory and proresolution mediators released by the cells involved in the inflammatory response, including macrophages. Under proinflammatory conditions, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 leads to the release of large amounts of PGs, such as PGE2, that exert their effects through EP receptors and other intracellular targets. The effect of these PGs on P2 receptors expressed in murine and human macrophages was investigated. In thioglycollate-elicited and alternatively activated macrophages, PGE2 selectively impairs P2Y but not P2X7 Ca2+ mobilization. This effect is absent in LPS-activated cells and is specific for PGE2 because it cannot be reproduced by other PGs with cyclopentenone structure. The inhibition of P2Y responses by PGE2 involves the activation of nPKCs (PKCε) and PKD that can be abrogated by selective inhibitors or by expression of dominant-negative forms of PKD. The inhibition of P2Y signaling by PGE2 has an impact on the cell migration elicited by P2Y agonists in thioglycollate-elicited and alternatively activated macrophages, which provide new clues to understand the resolution phase of inflammation, when accumulation of PGE2, anti-inflammatory and proresolving mediators occurs.

Activation-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells through a myc-independent mechanism

Apoptosis can be induced in the human leukemic T-cell line Jurkat when these cells are stimulated by several known T-cell activators. Among the stimuli that activate Jurkat cells, calcium ionophore A23187, phytohemagglutinin and cross-linked monoclonal antibody anti-CD3 are the best inducers of apoptosis. The activator of protein kinase C phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate causes a rapid but transient stimulation of DNA fragmentation and cell death, and soluble monoclonal antibody anti-CD3 has no effect. Furthermore, apoptosis is delayed when Jurkat cells are stimulated simultaneously with calcium ionophore and phorbol ester. We have analysed the mechanism underlying the induction of apoptosis by these agents and found that down-regulation of c-myc expression by pretreatment with the DNA binding antibiotic mithramycin, an inhibitor of c-myc transcription, does not prevent the activation of the apoptotic process. In the light of these results we can conclude that in these leukemic T-cells, activation of apoptosis may occur by a mechanism independent of c-myc expression.

Inhibitor of apoptosis protein from Orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus provides a costimulatory signal required for optimal proliferation of developing thymocytes.

The inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) constitute a family of endogenous inhibitors that control apoptosis in the cell by inhibiting caspase processing and activity. IAPs are also implicated in cell division, cell cycle regulation, and cancer. To address the role of IAPs in thymus development and homeostasis, we generated transgenic mice expressing IAP generated from the baculovirus Orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (OpIAP). Developing thymocytes expressing OpIAP show increased nuclear levels of NF-κB and reduced cytoplasmic levels of its inhibitor, IκBα. In mature thymocytes, OpIAP induces optimal activation and proliferation after TCR triggering in the absence of a costimulatory signal. OpIAP expression in immature thymocytes blocks TCR-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data illustrate the pleiotropism of OpIAP in vivo.

Exacerbated inflammatory responses in transgenic mice expressing an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (OpIAP)

AbstractMembers of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family are involved not only in suppressing apoptosis, but also in signal transduction, cell division, and are associated with some types of cancers. Here we show that transgenic expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein OpIAP in murine T lymphocytes leads to a significant increase in T-cell receptor-induced cell activation, proliferation and cytokine production. Transgenic T lymphocytes expressing OpIAP have a lower proliferation threshold in response to T-cell receptor stimulation. Unstimulated OpIAP transgenic T lymphocytes show elevated nuclear levels of NF-κB transcription factor that increase after in vivo antigen peptide treatment. OpIAP transgenic animals present an exacerbated inflammatory response in an experimental contact hypersensitivity model, suggesting increased T-cell activation in vivo. These data indicate a new role for the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation.

Imaging Polarized Secretory Traffic at the Immune Synapse in Living T Lymphocytes

Immune synapse (IS) formation by T lymphocytes constitutes a crucial event involved in antigen-specific, cellular and humoral immune responses. After IS formation by T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, the convergence of secretory vesicles toward the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and MTOC polarization to the IS are involved in polarized secretion at the synaptic cleft. This specialized mechanism appears to specifically provide the immune system with a fine strategy to increase the efficiency of crucial secretory effector functions of T lymphocytes, while minimizing non-specific, cytokine-mediated stimulation of bystander cells, target cell killing and activation-induced cell death. The molecular bases involved in the polarized secretory traffic toward the IS in T lymphocytes have been the focus of interest, thus different models and several imaging strategies have been developed to gain insights into the mechanisms governing directional secretory traffic. In this review, we deal with the most widely used, state-of-the-art approaches to address the molecular mechanisms underlying this crucial, immune secretory response.