Manuel Linares Abad

Motivaciones para el embarazo adolescente

OBJECTIVES To identify the motivations (beliefs, values) for adolescent pregnancy among girls aged less than 17 years old. METHOD We performed a phenomenological qualitative study with audio recording of in-depth interviews with 12 pregnant adolescents between March and September 2008. Purposive sampling of pregnant adolescents (14-16 years) in the high-risk obstetric unit of the Hospital of Jaen (Spain) was performed, using education, voluntariness of pregnancy, urban-rural setting of the family residence and family socioeconomic status as heterogeneity criteria. A content analysis was performed with coding, triangulation of categories, and extraction and verification of results. RESULTS The adolescents sociocultural context was of considerable weight in sexual and reproductive decisions. Adolescents with unplanned pregnancies felt that their responsibility was relative, showing an attitude of acceptance and resignation, which later became a tendency to rationalize the events and claim that the child was wanted or even planned. Girls with a wanted pregnancy did not have a clear idea of the consequences of having a child. Previous ideas about pregnancy were mainly related to physical changes without taking into account other changes that occur during and after pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The family context and socialization of girls are based on a traditional division of gender roles in which the traditional role of the female caregiver is strongly internalized. The reasons for teenage pregnancy are unclear; pregnant adolescents lacked a sense of self-determination and felt that their lives were determined by circumstances.

Motivations for adolescent pregnancy

OBJECTIVES To identify the motivations (beliefs, values) for adolescent pregnancy among girls aged less than 17 years old. METHOD We performed a phenomenological qualitative study with audio recording of in-depth interviews with 12 pregnant adolescents between March and September 2008. Purposive sampling of pregnant adolescents (14-16 years) in the high-risk obstetric unit of the Hospital of Jaen (Spain) was performed, using education, voluntariness of pregnancy, urban-rural setting of the family residence and family socioeconomic status as heterogeneity criteria. A content analysis was performed with coding, triangulation of categories, and extraction and verification of results. RESULTS The adolescents sociocultural context was of considerable weight in sexual and reproductive decisions. Adolescents with unplanned pregnancies felt that their responsibility was relative, showing an attitude of acceptance and resignation, which later became a tendency to rationalize the events and claim that the child was wanted or even planned. Girls with a wanted pregnancy did not have a clear idea of the consequences of having a child. Previous ideas about pregnancy were mainly related to physical changes without taking into account other changes that occur during and after pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The family context and socialization of girls are based on a traditional division of gender roles in which the traditional role of the female caregiver is strongly internalized. The reasons for teenage pregnancy are unclear; pregnant adolescents lacked a sense of self-determination and felt that their lives were determined by circumstances.

El discurso médico sobre las matronas a mediados del siglo XX

Objetivo. Contribuir a la historia mas reciente de la profesion de matrona a traves de los textos escritos por medicos. Metodos. Analisis cualitativo, historico, de contenido y de discurso, a traves de fuentes secundarias escritas hace mas de medio siglo. Las fuentes analizadas son ocho articulos escritos por medicos en la revista Matronas de la Escuela Oficial de Matronas de la Casa de Salud de Santa Cristina de Madrid (Espana). Resultados. El denominador comun de los articulos analizados es inculcar a las matronas las competencias y habilidades fisicas y morales que deben tener, justificado en lo importante de la practica de su profesion, pero subyace un discurso de adoctrinamiento para la sumision del colectivo de matronas. Conclusiones. En el periodo estudiado las matronas estaban sometidas al control y jerarquia de genero en favor del prestigio de los medicos. Como vehiculo de adoctrinamiento, entre otros, utilizaron las revistas profesionales de matronas. Estas perdieron espacios de poder y control sobre su profesion con relacion a epocas anteriores en las que tuvieron gran autonomia. El regimen politico, la moral catolica y la vision androcentrica de los anos centrales del siglo XX, ejercieron como elementos negativos de los intereses de un colectivo profesionalizado pero femenino.

Actitud y adaptación maternal en el embarazo

The aim of our study is to evaluate the influence of several factors such as age, wanted pregnancy, education level, etc, on final stages pregnant women’s attitude and perception of pregnancy. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with over 36 weeks pregnant women undergoing routine cardiotocographic check-ups in the Foetal Welfare outpatients unit at the Maternity-Children’s hospital (Ciudad de Jaen Hospital). Kumar et al’s attitude and maternal adaptation questionnaire (1984) was used. The results obtained suggest that a wanted pregnancy is closely linked to a high degree of satisfaction throughout pregnancy, that marital status has a determinant influence on wanted pregnancies, and that affection showed by pregnant women’s partners increases proportionally to the number of pregnancies.

Educación maternal: un estudio etnográfico en el consultorio de salud de las Fuentezuelas

Study qualitative based on the description ethnographic of a program of maternal education developed in the center of health of the Fuentezuelas of Jaen. Material and method: it is a study of unique case, selecting the program of education maternal study object for a bigger access easiness to the field. were used as technical of collection data the participant observation and the interview in group. Main results: The program of education maternal study object breaks up with the traditional system of maternal education, it is developed on the base of theoretical sessions and terrestrial and aquatic gymnastic practices. The pregnant ones manifest the improvement of the corporal functionality and the reduction of fears like the most outstanding consequences in the activities of maternal education. Main conclusions: The theoretical sessions of the program of maternal education give opportunity to the pregnant ones to exchange experiences and increase the solidarity and cohesion of the group.