Mar Ferrer-Suay

Charipinae fauna (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) from Asia with a description of 11 new species

BackgroundThe Charipinae from the Asian continent has been poorly studied. Previous to this study, 28 species of Charipinae had been mentioned: 19 of Alloxysta, 5 of Dilyta, 1 of Lobopterocharips, and 3 of Phaenoglyphis.ResultsThe Charipinae fauna from Asia was studied. Eleven new species are described: Alloxysta asiatica Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Alloxysta nepalica Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Alloxysta nippona Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Alloxysta paretasmartinezi Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Alloxysta pilosa Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Alloxysta samurai Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Alloxysta sharkeyi Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Phaenoglyphis asiatica Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Phaenoglyphis chinensis Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., Phaenoglyphis indica Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov., and Phaenoglyphis japonica Ferrer-Suay and Pujade-Villar sp. nov.New records are given from the Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions for Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), Alloxysta brevis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta castanea (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1838), Alloxysta melanogaster (Hartig, 1840), Alloxysta obscurata (Hartig, 1840), Alloxysta pallidicornis (Curtis, 1838), Alloxysta pusilla (Kieffer, 1902), Alloxysta sawoniewiczi (Kierych, 1988), Alloxysta tscheki (Giraud, 1860), Alloxysta victrix (Westwood, 1833), Alloxysta xanthopa (Thomson, 1862), Phaenoglyphis longicornis (Hartig, 1840), Phaenoglyphis stricta (Thomson, 1877), Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841), and Phaenoglyphis xanthochroa Förster, 1869. Alloxysta ishizawai (Watanabe, 1950) is here synonymized with Phaenoglyphis ruficornis (Förster, 1869) and Alloxysta chinensis Fülöp & Mikó, 2013 with A. sawoniewiczi. Alloxysta simplex (Watanabe, 1950) is considered as nomen dubium and Phaenoglyphis bangalorensis Kurian, 1953 is considered to be incertae sedis. A key to the identity of all of the Charipinae from Asia is given. All new species are illustrated.ConclusionsThe knowledge about the Charipinae from Asia has been greatly improved, with many new records established and new species described. Currently, there are 43 Charipinae species: 27 of Alloxysta, 5 of Dilyta, 1 of Lobopterocharips and 10 of Phaenoglyphis.

Charipinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) From Mexico With Description of Three New Species

ABSTRACT Charipinae collected in different regions of Mexico have been studied. Twelve species are cited for the first time: Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), Alloxysta brevis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta castanea (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta fuscicornis (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron, 1883) ; Alloxysta victrix (Westwood, 1833 ); Phaenoglyphis americana Baker, 1896; Phaenoglyphis calverti Andrews, 1978; Phaenoglyphis falcata Andrews, 1978; Phaenoglyphis stenos Andrews, 1978; Phaenoglyphis stricta (Thomson, 1877); and Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841). Three new species are described: Alloxysta evenhuisi Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta mexicana Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., and Alloxysta sarae Ferrer-Suay n. sp. The genera Alloxysta and Phaenoglyphis are cited for the first time from Mexico. A key to all Mexican Charipinae is given. New hosts and trophic relationships are presented for some species.

First record of Alloxysta Förster from Madagascar, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Charipinae)

The genus Alloxysta is recorded for the first time from Madagascar, with the description of two new species: Alloxysta antananarivoi Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar sp. n. and Alloxysta antsirananae Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar sp. n. Their morphological features and diagnostic characters are discussed and illustrated. This is the second genus of the subfamily Charipinae recorded from Madagascar.

Review of the Neotropical Charipinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae)

A review of the Neotropical Charipinae is given, with 35 species from four genera: Alloxysta, Apocharips, Dilyta and Phaenoglyphis. One new species, Alloxysta centroamericana Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar sp. nov. is described; six Alloxysta species, Alloxysta citripes (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta fracticornis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta melanogaster (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta piceomaculata (Cameron, 1886), Alloxysta postica (Hartig, 1841) and Alloxysta pusilla (Kieffer, 1902), are recorded for the first time from the Neotropical region; 10 new records for earlier known species are also given. Diagnoses and a key to all species are also provided.

First Records, New Species, and a Key of the Charipinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) From the Nearctic Region

ABSTRACT The Charipinae material deposited in the United States National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) and some specimens deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects from the Nearctic region have been revised. In all, 337 specimens have been included in this study and 27 species have been determined. Sixteen species are reported for the first time from the Nearctic region: Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), Alloxysta brevis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta castanea (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta citripes (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta darci (Girault, 1933), Alloxysta fracticornis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta halterata (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta macrophadna (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron, 1883), Alloxysta pilipennis (Hartig, 1840), Alloxysta postica (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta proxima (Belizin, 1962), Alloxysta ramulifera (Thomson, 1862),Phaenoglyphis heterocera (Hartig, 1841), Phaenoglyphis salicis (Cameron, 1883), and Phaenoglyphis stricta (Thomson, 1877). Seven new species are described: Alloxysta buffingtoni Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta huberi Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta neartica Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta texana Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., Alloxysta vicenti Ferrer-Suay n. sp., Phaenoglyphis jeffersoni Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp., and Phaenoglyphis kenaii Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar n. sp. Diagnoses are given for the species newly recorded in this region and their main diagnostic features are present in different plates. New species are completely described and illustrated. A key to identify the Charipinae present in the Nearctic region is also given.

A review of Alloxysta species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Charipinae) from Africa

Charipinae material from Africa deposited in the Natural History Museum of London, Canadian National Collection of Insects and the United States National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) has been revised. A total of 275 specimens have been examined and 16 species have been determined. They belong to four genera: Alloxysta, Apocharips, Dilyta and Phaenoglyphis. Eight Alloxysta species are here recorded for the first time from Africa: Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), Alloxysta brevis (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta castanea (Hartig, 1841), Alloxysta citripes (Thomson, 1862), Alloxysta mullensis (Cameron, 1883), Alloxysta pilipennis (Hartig, 1840), Alloxysta postica (Hartig, 1841) and Alloxysta victrix (Westwood, 1833); five of them from the Afro tropical Region. New records are established for some species previously known from this region. Diagnoses for the new Alloxysta records are given; their main diagnostic features are shown in different plates. Dilyta camerounensis Lebel & Modeste, 2007 is considered as nomen dubius. A key to African Charipinae is also given.

Flagellar Sensillar Equipment of Two Morphologically Closely Related Aphid Hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Alloxysta)

The antennal sensillar equipment in the parasitic wasp family Figitidae was analyzed to date only in few species, despite some are associated with crop pests and can have an economic importance. It is the case of the genus Alloxysta, which includes hyperparasitoids of aphids which can potentially reduce effectiveness of primary pest parasitoids. Here we analyzed, through scanning electron microscopy, the diversity, morphology, and distribution of the antennal sensilla in males and females of Alloxysta consobrina (Zetterstedt) and Alloxysta victrix (Westwood), two species with overall very similar morphology. In both species, antennae are filiform and cylindrical, and flagellum was longer in A. victrix. Eight sensillar types have been recognized: four types of sensilla trichoidea (ST-A, ST-B, ST-C, ST-D), sensilla coeloconica, sensilla placoidea, sensilla campaniformia, and sensilla basiconica. ST-A, ST-B, ST-C, and sensilla placoidea were the most abundant types on the antennae and often increased in number and decreased in size toward the tip of antenna. The two species seem to have several differences in their sensillar equipment, possibly in accordance with the different degree of host range. On the other hand, sexual dimorphism is probably due to the different stimuli that have to be correctly processed. The comparison with the other species of Figitidae studied by far showed, at subfamily-level, that variability in sensillar equipment and phylogeny do not agree. This suggests a complex series of morphological changes during evolution of this group. The taxonomic sample should be thus substantially enlarged to disclose possible trends in sensillar equipment evolution in the family.

Qualitative Analysis of Aphid and Primary Parasitoid Trophic Relations of Genus Alloxysta (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Charipinae)

ABSTRACT Charipinae hyperparasitoids affect effectiveness of the primary parasitoids of aphids by decreasing their abundance and modifying their behavior. As a result, increase of aphid populations can cause severe yield losses in some crops. Therefore, ecological studies on the subfamily Charipinae have a great economical and biological importance. Host specificity of these hyperparasitoids is still under debate and for many Charipinae species very little is known about their trophic relations. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of the trophic relationships between the Charipinae species of the genus Alloxysta Förster and their aphid and primary parasitoids hosts, worldwide. Within this subfamily, Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer), Alloxysta brevis (Thomson), Alloxysta fuscicornis (Hartig), and Alloxysta victrix (Westwood) are the most generalist species sharing many aphid hosts, while for primary parasitoid hosts these are A. arcuata, A. brevis, Alloxysta pleuralis (Cameron), and A. victrix. Alloxysta citripes (Thomson), Alloxysta halterata (Thomson), Alloxysta leunisii (Hartig), and Alloxysta ramulifera (Thomson) appear, up to now, as the most specialized in relation to the primary parasitoid hosts. Primary parasitoids of the genera Aphidius Nees, Lysiphlebus Förster, Praon Haliday, and Trioxys Haliday are the most common hosts for Alloxysta species, and the common host aphid species belong to the genera Aphis L., Uroleucon Mordvilko, Myzus Passerini, and Sitobion Mordvilko. Host range is analyzed for each Alloxysta species, as well as the extent of overlap between them. We used Jaccards distance and a hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the host range dissimilarity. A permutation test has been applied to analyze if the host range dissimilarity is significantly different from what is expected by chance. We have calculated additional qualitative measures that complement well the Alloxysta niche overlap analysis and evaluated their host specificity using different indices and bipartite networks.

REVISION OF THE TYPE MATERIAL OF IONESCU COLLECTION RELATED TO CHARIPINAE SUBFAMILY (HYMENOPTERA: FIGITIDAE) DEPOSITED IN THE "GRIGORE ANTIPA" NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (BUCHAREST)

Abstract Charipinae type material of Ionescu collection, deposited in the “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History (Bucharest) has been revised. Eight Charipinae species were described by this author, only one of them being considered valid after this study. They were as follow: Alloxysta lutea (Ionescu, 1969) is a new synonymy of A. brachyptera (Hartig, 1840); A. unicolor Ionescu, 1969 is a new synonymy of A. arcuata (Kieffer, 1902); A. forshagei Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay, 2012, a recent new name proposed to A. bicolor (=Trischiza bicolor Ionescu, 1959), is a new synonymy of Periclistus caninae (Hartig, 1840), a rose gall-wasps inquiline; A. ionescui Pujade-Villar & Ferrer- Suay, 2012, a recent new name proposed to A. luteipes (=Pezophycta luteipes Ionescu, 1969) is a new synonymy of A. halterata (Thomson, 1862); A. mattiasi Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay, 2012, a recent new name proposed to A. luteipes (=Sarothrus luteipes Ionescu, 1959) is considered incertae sedis; Charips rufus Ionescu, 1959 and Charips flavipes Ionescu, 1963 are also considered incertae sedis; and Phaenoglyphis moldavica Ionescu, 1969 is redescribed. Notes on the type material of Ionescu Collection are also given. Résumé Le matériel type de Charipinae dans la collection Ionescu, déposé dans le Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle „Grigore Antipa” (Bucarest, Roumanie) a été révisé. Huit espèces de Charipinae ont été décrites par cet auteur, une seule en restant valide après cette étude. Alloxysta lutea (Ionescu, 1969) est une nouvelle synonymie pour A. brachyptera (Hartig, 1840); A. unicolor Ionescu, 1869 est un nouveau synonyme pour A. arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), A. forshagei Pujada-Villar & Ferrer-Suay 2012, un nouveau nom proposé pour A. bicolor (= Trischiza bicolor Ionescu, 1959) est un nouveau synonyme pour Periclistus caninae (Hartig, 1840), un inquilin des galles de Cynipidae sur les Rosidae, A. ionescui Pujada-Villar & Ferrer-Suay 2012, un nouveau nom proposé pour A. luteipes (= Pezophycta luteipes Ionescu, 1969) est une nouvelle synonymie A. halterata (Thomson, 1862); A. mattiasi Pujada-Villar & Ferrer-Suay 2012, le nouveau nom proposé pour A. luteipes (= Sarothrus luteipes Ionescu, 1959) est considéré comme incertae sedis; Charips rufus Ionescu, 1959 et Charips flavipes Ionescu, 1963 sont également considérés comme incertae sedis et Phaenoglyphis moldavica Ionescu, 1969 est redécrite . On présente des remarques sur le matériel type de la collection Ionescu. Rezumat În această lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele reviziei materialului tip de Charipinae din colecția Ionescu, depozitată la Muzeul Național de Istorie Naturală „Grigore Antipa” (București, România). Acest autor a descris opt specii de Charipinae, numai una dintre ele fiind considerată validă. Aceste specii sunt următoarele: Alloxysta lutea (Ionescu, 1969) este o nouă sinonimie pentru A. brachyptera (Hartig, 1840); A. unicolor Ionescu, 1869 este o nouă sinonimie pentru A. arcuata (Kieffer, 1902); A. forshagei Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay, 2012, un nume recent propus pentru A. bicolor (=Trischiza bicolor Ionescu, 1959) este o nouă sinonimie pentru Periclistus caninae (Hartig, 1840), un incvilin al cinipidelor galigene pe Rosidae; A. ionescui Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay, 2012, un nume recent propus pentru A. luteipes (=Pezophycta luteipes Ionescu, 1969) este o nouă sinonimie pentru A. halterata (Thomson, 1862); A. mattiasi Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay, 2012, un nume recent propus pentru A. luteipes (=Sarothrus luteipes Ionescu, 1959) este considerată incertae sedis; Charips rufus Ionescu, 1959 și Charips flavipes Ionescu, 1963 sunt, de asemenea, considerate incertae sedis; iar Phaenoglyphis moldavica Ionescu, 1969 este redescrisă. Sunt prezentate note despre materialul tip din colecția Ionescu.

Designation of lectotypes for the Mexican species of Andricus described by Alfred Kinsey and comments about some generic synonymies (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Abstract The Kinsey collection of gall wasps deposited in the American Museum of Natural History was studied. Some species of the genus Andricus were originally described based on cotypes: A. furnaceus, A. incomptum, A. marmoreus, A. peredurus, and A. tecturnarum. The type series of A. furnaceus and A. peredurus were previously studied and lectotypes were designated. Lectotypes are here designated for A. incomptum, A. marmoreus, and A. tecturnarum. Comments on the type series and photographs of the lectotypes and galls of these species are included. Also some generic synonymies and some other Andricus species are discussed.