Mara Patricia Traina Chacon Mikahil

EFFECT OF COMBINED TRAINING ON THE HYPERTENSIVE ELDERLY QUALITY OF LIFE

One of the most prevalent diseases in the elderly is hypertension, which even when controlled, can also affect the quality of life (QoL) of this population. Habits such as regular exercise can reduce blood pressure at rest, during physical effort and provide other benefits to hypertensive individuals. Resistance and aerobic training, promote complementary health benefits that indirectly increases elderly QoL, being the main ones the increases in strength and aerobic fitness, respectively. Although combined training (CT) (resistance plus aerobic exercises) is recommended for the health of the elderly and hypertensive, but the specifical effect of QoL pattern on hypertensive population is uncertain. Therefore, WHOQOL-bref questionary (containing 26 subjective issues, divided into four domains physical, psychological, social and environmental) was applied to assess the profile of each individual QoL, pre and post-CT or control period (without exercise). Sexteen weeks of CT increased, the physical and environmental domains of QoL, as well as the total QoL scores different of control group (CG); leading us to conclude it is effective therapy for hipertensive eldelry, therefore we conclude with the present study that the CT protocol for 16-weeks was able to improve the QoL scores.

Exploratory Study of Metabolomic Profile in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

The main causes of death in SCI subjects are connect with cardiovascular diseases, confirmed by intimal carotid layer stiffness, Metabolic Syndrome thru fat accumulation in the torso, upper body and caquexia and inflammation caused by physical inactivity (MATOS-SOUZA et al. 2009; MARUYAMA et al. 2008; MYERS et al. 2007; FROST et al. 2005; MANNS et al. 2005). We analyzed the blood samples of 29 athletes with disabilities and compared with sedentary subjects, that belong to the same group of disabilities, paraplegics and tetraplegics. Using the metabolomics technique we were able to identify small molecules in the blood samples that in conjunction form a profile which characterize a group.

ENERGY EXPENDITURE: IS HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) BETTER THAN CONTINUOUS AEROBIC TRAINING?

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been pointed as an efficient method for cardiorespiratory enhancement in comparison with traditional continuous aerobic training (CAT). Such difference is believed to be explained by assessing the energy expenditure of training sessions. Hence, in order to test this hypothesis, it was realized an acute intervention in recreationally active young men during three experimental conditions with a cross-over design. Energy expenditure results indicate that it is highly correlated with exercise volume, and even though energetic systems contribution during HIIT and CAT sessions were different, total caloric expenditure were similar between exercises sessions.

Autophagy and Metabolic Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle after Acute Low-Intensity Exercise Cycling with Blood Flow Restriction.

Autophagy is an intracellular degradative system sensitive to hypoxia and exercise-induced perturbations to cellular bioenergetics. However, the effects of low-intensity endurance-based exercise performed with blood flow restriction (BFR) on cell signaling adaptive responses regulating autophagy and substrate metabolism in human skeletal muscle are unknown. In a randomized cross-over design, 9 young, healthy but physically inactive males completed three experimental trials consisting of either a resistance exercise bout (REX: 4 × 10 leg press repetitions, 70% 1-RM), endurance exercise (END: 30 min cycling, 70% VO2peak), or low-intensity cycling with BFR (15 min, 40% VO2peak). A resting muscle biopsy was obtained from the vastus lateralis two weeks prior to the first exercise trial and 3 h after each exercise bout. END increased ULK1Ser757 phosphorylation above rest and BFR (~37-51%, P<0.05). Following REX there were significant elevations compared to rest (~348%) and BFR (~973%) for p38 MAPKThr180/Tyr182 phosphorylation (P<0.05). Parkin content was lower following BFR-cycling compared to REX (~20%, P<0.05). There were no exercise-induced changes in select markers of autophagy following BFR. Genes implicated in substrate metabolism (HK2 and PDK4) were increased above rest (~143-338%) and BFR-cycling (~212517%) with END (P<0.001). We conclude that a single bout of low-intensity cycling with BFR is insufficient to induce intracellular “stress” responses (e.g., high rates of substrate turnover, local hypoxia) necessary to activate skeletal muscle autophagy signaling.

OXIDATION OF SUBSTRATES ENERGY DURING SESSION OF AEROBIC TRAINING WITH AND WITHOUT BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION

Abstract The aerobic training (AT) performed at high intensity can promote cardiorespiratory improvement and lead to a higher fat oxidation rates when compared to AT performed at low intensity. However, recent studies have shown that AT when performed at low intensity with blood flow restriction is able to promote similar cardiorespiratory improvement of AT at high intensity, but there is no study about fat oxidation comparing these two types of AT protocol.

EFFECTS OF MUSCLE STRENGTH EXERCISE PROTOCOLS ON POST-EXERCISE HYPOTENSION IN ELDERLY

Lucas do C. Santos (IC), Amanda V. Sardeli (PG), Marina Lívia V. Ferreira (PG), Arthur F. Gáspari (PG), Cláudia R. Cavaglieri (PQ), José Rocha (PQ), Mara Patrícia T. Chacon-Mikahil (PQ) Resumo The present study analyzed systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure after different strength exercise (SE, performed in leg press machine) protocols, which according to literature are efficient to increase strength and muscle mass in healthy elderly. The study was performed in a cross-over design, containing the following sessions: SEHI (80% 1RM, 4 sets with repetitions until voluntary failure), SEBFR (30% 1RM, 1 set of 30 repetitions plus 3 sets of 15 repetitions, with 50% blood flow restriction), SELO (30% 1RM, 4 sets with repetitions until voluntary failure) and control (no exercise). The data showed blood pressure variation from pre to post-exercise (5, 15 and 30 minutes) did not differ between SE sessions. Regarding these acute blood pressure variations, none of the SE protocols applied showed to be more beneficial or harmful to the cardiovascular system.