Maraisa Crestani

Efeito da densidade de semeadura e potencial de afilhamento sobre a adaptabilidade e estabilidade em trigo

The objectives of this work were to determine the grain yield adaptability and stability of ten wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.), contrasting for the character tillering potential, conducted in different seeding densities. The experiments were conducted in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 in Capao do Leao -RS and in Pato Branco-PR and Ijui-RS in the year 2007. A split-plot design was used considering the genotype as the plot and seeding density as the sub-plot. The seeding densities used were 50, 200, 350, 500 and 650 viable seeds m-2. The analyses of adaptability and stability were performed using the method proposed by Eberhart and Russell. The changes in seeding density and location intensely influenced the adaptability and stability parameters for grain yield. Genotypes adapted to various seeding densities were found (FUNDACEP 29 - except for 650 seeds m-2), as well as those with specific adaptability and a predictable performance only in favorable (CD 114) and unfavorable (CD 108) environments, indicating the need of an adequate fitting of seeding density to the performance predictability for grain yield in wheat.

Conteúdo de β-glucana em cultivares de aveia-branca cultivadas em diferentes ambientes

Abstract – The objective of this work was to characterize white oat cultivars as to β‑glucan content in grains, to verify its relationship with grain and industrial yield, and to defineadaptability and phenotypic stability parameters for these characters. In the 2007 and 2008 seasons, 15 white oat cultivars were grown in Augusto Pestana, Capao do Leao and Passo Fundo municipalities, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was used a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and 3-m 2 plots. Genotype performance varied according to the region and year of cultivation in relation to β‑glucan content in the grain. The genotypes Barbarasul, Brisasul, UFRGS 19, UPFA 22, URS 20, URS 22 and URS Guapa had an ideal biotype, comprising high mean β‑glucan content, wide adaptability and phenotypic stability. Significantcorrelations are observed between β‑glucan content and grain and industrial yield.Index terms: Avena sativa , adaptability, functional foods, stability, genotype x environment interaction, grain quality.

Estresse por alumínio em genótipos de aveia preta em condição hidropônica

Aluminum content (Al) available in soil solution with high acidity is one of the abiotic factors that strongly intervenes with the growth and development of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). After its assimilation, cells and organelles are affected at morphological, cytogenetic and physiological levels, causing low plant grain yields. In this study, black oat genotypes were subjected to aluminum stress under hydroponic conditions to determine the most effective character for the selection of seedlings in controlled environment. Moreover, other objectives were to characterize distinct genetic compositions of black oats aiming the establishment of crossing blocks; to improve the accuracy of genotype recommendation for environments with high presence of this chemical element, and to establish the aluminum concentration that allows the scoring of aluminum tolerance under hydroponic conditions. Adopting the Camargo and Oliveira, in 1981, methodology, five aluminum levels: 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg L-1, with addition of Al2(SO4)3.18H2O, were used. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with three replications in 5 x 10 factors (dose x genotype). The character root length and the doses 10 and 20 and mg L-1 of Al3+ provided the best differentiation between the genotypes regarding aluminum tolerance and sensibility. The black oat cultivar IAPAR 61 evidenced high aluminum sensibility, contrasting with genotypes PRETA COMUM and EMBRAPA 140, which expressed high tolerance in the presence of the toxic element in the culture environment.

FAEM Carlasul: new white oat cultivar with high grain yield

The white oat cultivar FAEM Carlasul was developed at the Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, as a result of the cross between UFRGS 10 and 90SAT-28 (Coronado2/Cortez3/Pendek/ME 1563). It is characterized by high yield and grain quality.

Diallel analysis in white oat cultivars subjected to water stress.

The goal of this work was to determine the combining ability of three white oat parental genotypes (UPF 18, URS21 and URS 22) and to estimate the heterosis of F1 hybrids in two conditions, with and without water stress. The results indicate a large effect of the environment on the evaluated characters (cycle, leaf area, plant stature, grain yield per plant, main panicle weight and number of grains of the main panicle). The condition without stress was the most efficient for the selection of superior genotypes. Based on the general and specific combining ability, the cultivar URS 22 was shown to be indicated for cycle and stature reduction, while UPF 18 lead to increases in leaf area, main panicle weight and number of grains of the main panicle. The specific cross URS 22 x URS 21 was the best for the selection of superior genotypes.