Maraisa Crestani Hawerroth

FAEM Chiarasul: new white oat cultivar with high yield and grain-processing quality

The white oat cultivar FAEM Chiarasul was developed from a cross between UFRGS 17 and UFGS 10/ Coronado2/Cortez3/Pendek/ME 1563. It is characterized by reduced plant height, and high yield, grain quality and grain-processing quality.

Eficiência de diferentes protocolos de extração de DNA em macieira

Several protocols to extract plant DNA exist, which can provide varying concentrations and quality of DNA due to the interaction between the protocol components and plant tissue compounds that affect the extraction, such as polyphenols and proteins. The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of different protocols for extracting DNA from apple tree leaves. Three DNA extraction protocols were tested: FastDNA ® SPIN Kit - MP Biomedicals; adaptation from Qiagen DNeasy ® Plant Mini Kit; adapted CTAB. Fresh and frozen young leaves of the genotypes M-10/09, SCS426 Venice and SCS427 Elenise were used. The purity and concentration of the DNA were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The DNA extracted was tested using PCR with one primer related to regions of the genome that access transcription factors in apples (SAND). The highest concentrations of DNA were provided by the adapted CTAB protocol. Regarding purity, the adaptation from Qiagen DNeasy ® Plant Mini Kit and the adapted CTAB protocols were considered satisfactory. Regarding DNA quality verified by PCR, all protocols were efficient for amplification of the target fragments. Therefore, all three protocols can be used for DNA extraction from apple leaves; however, the use of the adapted CTAB protocol showed high efficiency, due to the higher quality and concentration of DNA, with the lowest relative cost in the process of DNA extraction.

Heterosis and genetic parameters for grain quality in oat segregating populations

Improvement of quality-related traits of grains is a constant concern in white oat breeding programs, which challenges breeders to understand their dynamics. The performance of different genetic combinations must be thoroughly evaluated to make high nutritional quality cultivars available. This study aimed to estimate the heterosis on F1 and F2 generations, vigor loss, due to inbreeding, and correlation between the grain chemical components to understand the dynamics of these traits, considering two segregating oat progenies. The populations Albasul × UPF 15 (population 1) and IAC 7 × UFRGS 19 (population 2) were developed. Both populations showed transgressive segregant individuals. The combination Albasul × UPF 15 provided significant heterosis for traits β-glucan total and soluble fiber contents, while the population obtained by crossing IAC 7 × UFRGS 19 generated significant gain by heterosis for total fiber, insoluble fibers and non-structural carbohydrate contents. Considering the F2 average for each population, one can observe that population 1 presents higher β-glucan and lipid contents than population 2. On the other hand, population 2 has higher protein content than population 1. In both populations, the non-structural carbohydrate content is strongly and negatively correlated whith protein, total and insoluble fibers. Correlations between total fibers and lipids and between total fibers and insoluble fibers were both positive and high in both populations.

Performance of white oat cultivars for grain chemical content

Abstract: The chemical analysis of market-available white oat cultivars allows for their optimized use for processing, consumption, and in blocks of crosses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of white oat cultivars with regard to grain chemical content, to estimate the correlation between these traits, and to select potential REMAP markers for marker-assisted selection. Fifteen cultivars, grown in three environments, were evaluated for the contents of proteins; lipids; total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber; ß-glucan; and carbohydrates. Eight cultivars were analysed with REMAP markers. The cultivars Brisasul and UPFA Gaudéria presented higher contents of ß-glucan, while cultivars URS 21 and URS 22 had higher protein contents. For animal feed, the cultivars Barbarasul and FAPA Louise stood out with high lipid contents. Positive correlations between the contents of lipid and total dietary fiber, protein and insoluble dietary fiber, and total dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber were constant in different environments. Also, carbohydrate content was negatively correlated with protein, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and lipid content. A total of thirteen REMAP combinations were selected for variability studies regarding lipid and ß-glucan contents.