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Dive into the research topics where Marcel H. Zandvoort is active.

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Featured researches published by Marcel H. Zandvoort.


Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio\/technology | 2003

Metal immobilisation by biofilms: Mechanisms and analytical tools

Eric D. van Hullebusch; Marcel H. Zandvoort; Piet N.L. Lens

In biofilm environments, heavy metal and radionuclide pollutants are removed by a variety of mechanisms, including biosorption, precipitation as sulfides or phosphates and microbial reductive precipitation. Even if the elemental composition and localization of the precipitate trapped in the biofilm is well described thanks to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, this review highlights that little is known about metal immobilisation mechanisms in microbial biofilms, i.e., mass transfer of metals, mechanisms involved in (bio)sorption and precipitation and the influence of physicochemical micro-environments within the biofilm matrix. The review shows the advantage of using a combination of different techniques to evaluate the fate of metals within microbial biofilms. By combining a variety of techniques (e.g., selective extraction, microscopy, spectroscopy and miniaturised sensors ...), it is possible to gain high-resolution structural and chemical information of biofilms on a level of the individual cell. This approach will facilitate the characterization of the metal immobilisation sites and the metal sorption and (bio)crystallisation mechanisms in biofilms. The results provided by the combination of these techniques will allow to predict the amount of metal accumulation in biofilms as well as their chemical speciation. This review demonstrates that an interdisciplinary approach is required to study metal fate within the biofilm matrix.


Talanta | 2005

Comparison of three sequential extraction procedures to describe metal fractionation in anaerobic granular sludges

Eric D. van Hullebusch; Sudarno Utomo; Marcel H. Zandvoort; Piet N.L. Lens

In the last few decades, several sequential extraction procedures have been developed to quantify the chemical status of metals in the solid phase. In this study, three extraction techniques (modified [A. Tessier, P.G.C. Campbell, M. Bisson, Anal. Chem. 51 (1979) 844]; [R.C. Stover, L.E. Sommers, D.J. Silvera, J. Water Pollut. Con. F. 48 (1976) 2165]; and the Bureau Communautaire de Reference (BCR) [K.F. Mossop, C.M. Davidson, Anal. Chim. Acta 478 (2003) 111]) were applied to study the distribution of trace (Co, Ni, Zn and Cu) and major (Mn and Fe) elements in two different anaerobic granular sludges from full-scale methanogenic wastewater treatment plants. The Stover scheme displayed a higher number of fractions that induces a poor recovery compared to the other schemes. The sequential extraction scheme recommended by BCR and the modified Tessier scheme gave similar trends and are sufficiently repeatable and reproducible for application in fractionation studies. However, the BCR scheme seems to be of limited utilisation to study anaerobic matrixes because the extraction stage for its reducible fraction may release substantial amounts of trace elements bound to the organic/sulfides fraction, and consequently, the recovery of trace elements in the oxide fraction may be overestimated at the expense of the oxidisable fraction. As a final conclusion, the modified Tessier scheme seems to be the most suitable scheme to study the metal partitioning in anaerobic granular sludges.


Water Science and Technology | 1999

Low temperature treatment of domestic sewage in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic hybrid reactors

T.A. Elmitwalli; Marcel H. Zandvoort; G. Zeeman; Harry Bruning; G. Lettinga

The treatment of sewage at a temperature of 13°C was investigated in three reactors (each 3.84 litre) a UASB and two anaerobic hybrid (AH) reactors with small sludge granules with an average diameter of 0.73 mm. The media used in the AH reactors were vertical polyurethane foam sheets. The reactors were operated at a HRT of 8 h. The use of small sludge granules and operating the reactors at low upflow velocity (1.8 m/d) improved suspended COD removal efficiencies for the UASB reactor. Moreover, the use of sheets in the AH reactors significantly increased suspended COD removal efficiencies as compared to the UASB and reached to 87% for pre-settled sewage treatment. The treatment of pre-settled sewage instead of raw sewage in AH reactors significantly increased colloidal and dissolved COD removal efficiencies with 13% and 12% respectively and colloidal COD removal efficiency for the UASB reactor with 13%. At ‘steady state’ for pre-settled sewage treatment, the AH reactors removed 64% of the total COD which is significantly higher by 4% than the UASB reactor. Therefore, the anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage at low temperature can be improved by treating pre-settled sewage in shallow AH reactors containing small sludge granules.


Enzyme and Microbial Technology | 2003

Methanol degradation in granular sludge reactors at sub-optimal metal concentrations: role of iron, nickel and cobalt

Marcel H. Zandvoort; Roy Geerts; G. Lettinga; Piet N.L. Lens

The effect of sub-optimal trace metal concentrations on the conversion of methanol in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was investigated by studying the effect of decreased influent trace metal concentrations on the reactor efficiency, methanol conversion route and sludge characteristics. An UASB reactor (30degreesC; pH 7) was operated for 261 days at a 12-h hydraulic retention time (HRT) and at organic loading rates from 2.6 to 7.8 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) l(-1) reactor(-1) day(-1). Methanol was fully converted to methane (CH4) for 92 days. Thereafter, the reactor efficiency suddenly deteriorated and both methanol and volatile fatty acids (VIA) accumulated in the effluent. The methanogenic activity of the sludge with methanol as the substrate dropped from 1517 mg CH4-COD g volatile suspended solids (VSS)(-1) day(-1) (after 28 days) to 152 mg CH4-COD g VSS-1 day(-1) (after 111 days of operation). Moreover, the sludge lost its methanogenic activity with acetate as the substrate, explaining the acetate build-up in the reactor. Testing the response of the maximum methanogenic activity to individual metals (iron, nickel and cobalt) showed that only iron had significant effects on the methanol degradation rate. Addition of iron at a concentration of 10 muM almost doubled the methanogenic activity of the sludge sampled at day 111. Due to the faster iron-induced methane formation, less acetate accumulated in the batches. Therefore, the iron influent concentration was increased from 1 to 10 muM to restore the reactor performance. The response was, nevertheless, less pronounced as with the batch tests, most probably due to partial washout of the extra dosed iron (which formed colloids with reactor mixed liquor constituents) via the effluent


Biotechnology Progress | 2002

Effect of Long‐Term Cobalt Deprivation on Methanol Degradation in a Methanogenic Granular Sludge Bioreactor

Marcel H. Zandvoort; Roy Geerts; G. Lettinga; Piet N.L. Lens

The effect of the trace metal cobalt on the conversion of methanol in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was investigated by studying the effect of cobalt deprivation from the influent on the reactor efficiency and the sludge characteristics. A UASB reactor (30 °C; pH 7) was operated for 261 days at a 12‐h hydraulic retention time (HRT). The loading rate was increased stepwise from 2.6 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)·L reactor−1·d−1 to 7.8 g COD·L reactor−1·d−1. Cobalt deprivation had a strong impact on the methanogenic activity of the sludge. In batch tests, the methanogenic activity of the sludge with methanol as the substrate increased 5.3 (day 28) and 2.1 (day 257) times by addition of 840 nM of cobalt. The sludge had an apparent Km for cobalt of 948 nM after 28 days of operation and 442 nM at the end of the run. Cobalt deprivation during 54 days of operation led to a methanol conversion efficiency of only 55%. Continuous addition of cobalt (330 nM) for 33 days improved the methanol removal efficiency to 100%. In this period of cobalt dosing, the cobalt concentration in the sludge increased 2.7 times up to 32 μg·g TSS−1. Upon omission of the cobalt addition, cobalt washed‐out at a stable rate of 0.1 μg·g VSS−1·d−1. At the end of the run, the cobalt concentration of the sludge was similar to that of the seed sludge.


Biodegradation | 2005

Influence of pH shocks on trace metal dynamics and performance of methanol fed granular sludge bioreactors.

Marcel H. Zandvoort; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Annemarie Peerbolte; Svetlana Golubnic; G. Lettinga; Piet N.L. Lens

The influence of pH shocks on the trace metal dynamics and performance of methanol fed upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed (UASB) reactors was investigated. For this purpose, two UASB reactors were operated with metal pre-loaded granular sludge (1mM Co, Ni and Fe; 30°C; 96h) at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 5gCOD l reactor−1d−1. One UASB reactor (R1) was inoculated with sludge that originated from a full scale reactor treating alcohol distillery wastewater, while the other reactor (R2) was inoculated with sludge from a full scale reactor treating paper mill wastewater. A 30h pH shock (pH 5) strongly affected the metal retention dynamics within the granular sludge bed in both reactors. Iron losses in soluble form with the effluent were considerable: 2.3 and 2.9% for R1 and R2, respectively, based on initial iron content in the reactors, while losses of cobalt and nickel in soluble form were limited. Sequential extraction of the metals from the sludge showed that cobalt, nickel, iron and sulfur were translocated from the residual to the organic/sulfide fraction during the pH shock in R2, increasing 34, 47, 109 and 41% in the organic/sulfide fraction, respectively. This is likely due to the modification of the iron sulfide precipitate stability, which influences the extractability of iron and trace metals. Such a translocation was not observed for the R1 sludge during the first 30h pH shock, but a second 4day pH shock induced significant losses of cobalt (18%), iron (29%) and sulfur (29%) from the organic/sulfide fraction, likely due to iron sulfide dissolution and concomitant release of cobalt. After the 30h pH shock, VFA accumulated in the R2 effluent, whereas both VFA and methanol accumulated in R1 after the 4day pH shock. The formed VFA, mainly acetate, were not converted to methane due to the loss of methanogenic activity of the sludge on acetate. The VFA accumulation gradually disappeared, which is likely to be related to out-competition of acetogens by methanogens. Zinc, copper and manganese supply did not have a clear effect on the acetate removal and methanol conversion, but zinc may have induced the onset of methanol degradation after day 152 in R1.


Water Research | 2015

Digester performance and microbial community changes in thermophilic and mesophilic sequencing batch reactors fed with the fine sieved fraction of municipal sewage

Dara S.M. Ghasimi; Yu Tao; Merle de Kreuk; Ben Abbas; Marcel H. Zandvoort; Jules B. van Lier

This study investigates the start-up and operation of bench-scale mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) digesters treating the fine sieved fraction (FSF) from raw municipal sewage. FSF was sequestered from raw municipal wastewater, in the Netherlands, using a rotating belt filter equipped with a 350 micron mesh. For the given wastewater, the major component of FSF was toilet paper, which is estimated to be 10-14 kg per year per average person in the western European countries. A seven months adaptation time was allowed for the thermophilic and mesophilic digesters in order to adapt to FSF as the sole substrate with varying dry solids content of 10-25%. Different SBR cycle durations (14, 9 and 2 days) were applied for both temperature conditions to study methane production rates, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) dynamics, lag phases, as well as changes in microbial communities. The prevailing sludge in the two digesters consisted of very different bacterial and archaeal communities, with OP9 lineage and Methanothermobacter being pre-dominant in the thermophilic digester and Bacteroides and Methanosaeta dominating the mesophilic one. Eventually, decreasing the SBR cycle period, thus increasing the FSF load, resulted in improved digester performances, particularly with regard to the thermophilic digester, i.e. shortened lag phases following the batch feedings, and reduced VFA peaks. Over time, the thermophilic digester outperformed the mesophilic one with 15% increased volatile solids (VS) destruction, irrespective to lower species diversity found at high temperature.


Biotechnology Progress | 2008

Effect of sulfur source on the performance and metal retention of methanol-fed UASB reactors.

Marcel H. Zandvoort; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Jarno Gieteling; G. Lettinga; Piet N.L. Lens

The effect of a sulfur source on the performance and metal retention of methanol‐fed upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors was investigated. For this purpose, two UASB reactors were operated with cobalt preloaded granular sludge (1 mM CoCl2; 30 °C; 24 h) at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 5 g COD·L reactor−1·d−1. One UASB reactor (R1) was operated without a sulfur source in the influent during the first 37 days. In this period the methanol conversion to methane remained very poor, apparently due to the absence of a sulfur source, because once cysteine, a sulfur‐containing amino acid, was added to the influent of R1 (day 37) a full conversion of methanol to methane occurred within 6 days. The second reactor (R2) was operated with sulfate (0.41 mM) in the influent during the first 86 days of operation, during which no limitation in the methanol conversion to methane manifested. Cobalt washed out from the sludge at similar rates in both reactors. The leaching of cobalt occurred at two distinct rates, first at a high rate of 22 μg·g TSS−1·d−1, which proceeded mainly from the exchangeable and carbonate fraction and later at a relatively slow rate of 9 μg·g TSS−1·d−1 from the organic/sulfide fraction. This study showed that the supply of the sulfur source l‐cysteine has a pronounced positive effect on the methanogenic activity and the retention of metals such as iron, zinc and molybdenum.


Waste Management | 2016

Comparative analysis of the digestibility of sewage fine sieved fraction and hygiene paper produced from virgin fibers and recycled fibers

Dara S.M. Ghasimi; Marcel H. Zandvoort; Michiel Adriaanse; Jules B. van Lier; Merle de Kreuk

Sewage fine sieved fraction (FSF) is a heterogeneous substrate consisting of mainly toilet paper fibers sequestered from municipal raw sewage by a fine screen. In earlier studies, a maximum biodegradation of 62% and 57% of the sewage FSF was found under thermophilic (55°C) and mesophilic (35°C) conditions, respectively. In order to research this limited biodegradability of sewage FSF, this study investigates the biodegradation of different types of cellulosic fibers-based hygiene papers including virgin fibers based toilet paper (VTP), recycled fiber based toilet paper (RTP), virgin pulp for paper production (VPPP) as a raw material, as well as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a kind of fiberless reference material. The anaerobic biodegradation or digestibility tests were conducted under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. Results of the experiments showed different biomethane potential (BMP) values for each tested cellulose fiber-based substrate, which might be associated with the physical characteristics of the fibers, type of pulping, presence of lignin encrusted fibers, and/or the presence of additive chemicals and refractory compounds. Higher hydrolysis rates (Kh), higher specific methane production rates (SMPR) and shorter required incubation times to achieve 90% of the BMP (t90%CH4), were achieved under thermophilic conditions for all examined substrates compared to the mesophilic ones. Furthermore, the biodegradability of all employed cellulose fiber-based substrates was in the same range, 38-45%, under both conditions and less than the observed FSF biodegradability, i.e. 57-62%. MCC achieved the highest BMP and biodegradability, 86-91%, among all cellulosic substrates.


Engineering in Life Sciences | 2006

Trace Metals in Anaerobic Granular Sludge Reactors: Bioavailability and Dosing Strategies

Marcel H. Zandvoort; E.D. Van Hullebusch; Fernando G. Fermoso; Piet N.L. Lens

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Piet N.L. Lens

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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G. Lettinga

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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Jules B. van Lier

Delft University of Technology

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Dara S.M. Ghasimi

Delft University of Technology

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Jarno Gieteling

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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Merle de Kreuk

Delft University of Technology

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Annemarie Peerbolte

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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G. Zeeman

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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Svetlana Golubnic

Wageningen University and Research Centre

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