Marcel Mojzes

The reduction of hydrology-induced gravity variations at sites with insufficient hydrological instrumentation

The hydrology-induced gravity variation is a limiting factor in the study of geophysical phenomena with superconducting gravimeters. The goal of this paper is to analyse and reduce the hydrological effects on gravity at the Vienna (Austria) station that is a typical example of a site insufficiently equipped with hydro-meteorological sensors. The hydrological effects are studied in a local as well as a global scale. A new method for computing the local soil moisture effect is presented. This approach overcomes the lack of in situ soil moisture observations and utilizes gravity residuals in the calibration process of a local conceptual 1D soil moisture model. In addition, only a priori soil moisture variations, provided by a global hydrological model, in situ temperature, precipitation and snow height time series are required in this approach. The coupling of the calibration process to gravity residuals increases the sensitivity of the modelled soil moisture to corrections that are applied within the processing of the gravity observations. This is shown in this study using different global hydrological corrections. The differences between these corrections are reflected in the modelled soil moisture so that the total hydrological effect (local plus global) is almost identical. The total hydrological effects reduce the observed gravity variation by 30%. Moreover, both seasonal as well as shortterm variations clearly related to observed hydro-meteorological parameters are minimized. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the modelled soil moisture to gravity corrections implies that the long-term gravity residuals are not suitable for local hydrological studies unless the significant differences between the global hydrological corrections are resolved.

Deformation of earth's surface caused loading of tall building

Deformation of earths surface caused loading of tall building Tall buildings can cause deformations of the earths crust for long distances from the area of their realization. Monitoring the deformation of tall big buildings from geodetic networks realised near the building can also have deformations from this point of view, and analysis of the measurements can result in false conclusions. The loading effect of the earth crust must be excluded from the measurement parameters. The paper presents a model computation of the loading effect produced by tall buildings constructed of simple geometric forms on the earths crust.

Estimation of an Effective Young’s Modulus of Elasticity in the Locality of the Gabčíkovo Hydrology Power Plant by Geometric Leveling

Abstract The Gabčíkovo hydroelectric power plant is located in a complicated geological environment (gravel sub-soil and a high groundwater level). Excavation work started after the withdrawal of water in the autumn of 1984 and lasted until the autumn of 1986. A basic geodetic control network with a special monument was founded before the excavation work began. This network served for the setting-out of the hydroelectric power plant as well as for the control of the excavation work. The repeated geodetic control measurements have been evaluated and presented at many seminars and conferences. Monitoring the horizontal and vertical stability of the geodetic control network during the general site excavation showed significant horizontal and vertical deformations. The paper is focused on an estimation of an effective Youngs modulus of elasticity in the area studied.

Repeated Geodetic Measurements in the Tatra Mountain

For detection of horizontal and vertical movements of the Earth’s surface the repeated geodetic measurements were organized in the Tatra Mountain. Non-permanent GPS measurements with 4–5 days observation time were provided from 1998 to 2008 yearly. Near the 3 non-permanent stations the GPS permanent stations and absolute gravity stations were established for better understanding and detecting of vertical movements. The analyze of GPS permanent measurements detected subsidence effect approximately − 0. 72 mm/year at the sites GANO and − 0. 98 mm/year at the site SKPL and uplift effect + 2 mm/year at the site LIES. The station LIES is located 6 km from a water dam. The repeated absolute gravity measurements detected subsidence \(+0.12\,\mu \mathrm{Gal/year}\) at the station SKPL, \(+0.27\,\mu \mathrm{Gal/year}\) at the station GANO and \(+0.85\,\mu \mathrm{Gal/year}\) at the station LIES. The paper presents the analysis of GPS and absolute gravity measurements.

Optimum determination of Euler Angles

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