Marcella Costa Radael

Estratégia de coalimentação na sobrevivência e no crescimento de larvas de Betta splendens durante a transição alimentar

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of the period of co-feeding on survival and growth of Betta splendens larvae. The following strategies for co-feeding were used: continuous fasting, 18 days of inert diet, 4 days of co-feeding + 14 days of inert diet; 8 days of co-feeding + 10 days of inert diet; 12 days of co-feeding + 6 days of inert diet, nauplii of Artemia throughout the experiment period. The values of performance variables for larvae with 12 days of treatment for co-feeding + 6 days of inert diet and the nauplii treatment with Artemia were higher than the other treatments, except for survival, which did not differ significantly from the treatment with 8 days of co-feeding + 10 days of inert diet. Considering only the supply time for Artemia (in days) the regression equation was obtained for the variables analyzed. The survival and specific growth rate (SGR) showed a quadratic effect and other variables showed a linear effect. The point of maximum survival was 21.7 days (88.92%) and for SGR it was 26.2 days (23.47 % day-1). The co-feeding period influences the survival and growth of the Betta splendens larvae. After the period of 19 days of supply of live food, with 12 days of co-feeding, larvae can be fed exclusively on inert diet, without negative effects on growth and survival.

Efeito da granulometria do milho no desempenho de juvenis de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)

The effect of different particle size of corn ration on the performance of juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, was evaluated. A total of 120 juveniles with an initial weight of 8.42±0.89g, total length 7.03±0.20cm, standard length, 6.32±0.13cm, and height 3.21±0.11cm, were distributed into 20 tanks (300L), at a density of six fish per experimental unit (tank), in a completely randomized design with five treatments consisting of different particle sizes 850, 710, 500, 300, 150µm of corn in the ration composition. Each treatment had four replicates. Among all treatments, the best animal performance was achieved with the ration with corn particle size of 150µm, reaching a feed conversion ratio of 1.38, whereas for larger feed grain size, it was 1.61. Thus, the particle size of 150µm is recommended.

Description of the ontogenic and larval period of discus fish ( Symphysodon aequifasciatus )

The aim of this study was to describe the embryonic and larval development of discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus), and to determine the time required, hours post fertilization (hpf), for the emergence of various structures. To describe embryonic and larval stages, observations were made at regular periods under an optical microscope and images were taken with a digital camera attached to a microscope. The average temperature reached in the experimental tank was 27.9°C. Important facts in embryonic and larval development are described, such as the closure of the blastopore, which occurred at 31.5 hpf; a period of eruption, which occurred at 58.5 hpf; and a mouth opening, which occurred at 90.5 hpf; and larvae that exhibited oriented swimming and eating exogenous food at 136.5 hpf.

Effect of temperature during embryonic development and first feeding of Trichogaster leeri larvae

Temperature is an environmental factor that influences the development of fish, and when changed abruptly can lead to high mortality. Some species of fish are influenced by this factor, exhibiting a longer time for embryonic development and time to first feeding. This study aims to evaluate the effect of water temperature on embryonic and larval development up to first feeding, to describe the time in hours post fertilization (hpf) of the emergence of different structures and to determine the best hatching rate and survival of animals under different treatments. Five different egg incubation temperatures were used (24, 26, 28, 30 or 32°C, respectively). The eggs were observed at regular intervals of 30 min up to 24 h, every 2 h until 48 h and every 4 h until the display of first feeding in all treatments. Embryonic development was longer for eggs incubated at 24°C and the best results for hatching rate and survival of spawning efficiency were at 28°C. We recommend that incubation of Trichogaster leeri eggs is carried out at 28°C up to the first feeding of larvae.

Suplementação de vitamina C na estruturação do tecido conjuntivo de melanotênia‑maçã

Farmed fishes are highly sensitive to diets deficient in ascorbic acid with clinical symptoms that affect performance and commercialization for causing deformities. Aiming to meet the minimum levels for red rainbow fish, six isoaminoacid and isocaloric diets with varying levels of active vitamin C were tested. At the end of 42 days experimental period, 36 fishes were histologically analyzed for the percentage of connective tissue and muscle fibers in order to determine the influence of the Vitamin C percentage in those ratios. Although the averages are statistically indistinguishable from the quantitative point of view, qualitatively higher levels of vitamin C allow better tissue structure. The breakdown of muscle tissue is indicative for dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid.