Marcelo Curitiba Espindula

Dry matter and macronutrient accumulation in fruits of Conilon coffee with different ripening cycles

The period between anthesis and fruit ripening varies according to the Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) genotype. Therefore, the time of the nutritional requirements for fruit formation may differ, depending on the formation phase and the genotype, and may directly affect split application of fertilizer. The aim of this study was to quantify the accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S at several stages in the fruit of the Conilon coffee genotype with different ripening cycles, which may suggest the need for split application of fertilizer in coffee. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Nova Venecia, Espirito Santo, Brazil, throughout the reproductive cycle. The treatments were composed of four coffee genotypes with different ripening cycles. A completely randomised experimental design was used. with five replicates. Plagiotropic branches were harvested from flowering to fruit ripening at 28-day intervals to determine the dry matter of the fruits and the concentration and accumulation of the nutrients they contained. The behavior of dry matter and macronutrient accumulation during the study period was similar and increasing, but it differed among genotypes sampled in the same season. Early genotypes exhibited a higher speed of dry matter and nutrient accumulation. Split application of fertilizer should differ among coffee genotypes with different ripening cycles (early, intermediate, late and very late).

Rates of urea with or without urease inhibitor for topdressing wheat

The urease inhibitor NBPT(N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) is a management alternative to increase urea efficiency in topdressing because it reduces NH3 volatilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate N recovery and yield performance of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) ‘BRS 254’ fertilized with different urea or urea + NBPT rates in topdressing. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2007 in Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Treatments followed a 5 × 2 + 1 factorial design consisting of five N fertilizer rates (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg ha-1) as urea or urea + NBPT (Agrotain® ) applied as topdressing and a control without N. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Adding NBPT to urea resulted in better N utilization by wheat plants. The 100 kg N ha-1 topdressing rate provided the best apparent N recovery by wheat plants, whereas 90 kg ha-1 provided the best N use efficiency.

Rates of nitrogen and growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on wheat

The objective in this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates in association with rates of the growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on wheat. The experiment was conducted in Vicosa, MG and arranged in a 5×4 factorial, randomized block design, with four repetitions. A combination of five nitrogen rates (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150kg ha-1) with four rates of trinexapac-ethyl (0, 62.5, 125 and 187.5g ha-1) were tested. Trinexapac-ethyl promotes reduction of soot dry mass and grain yield at the lowest N rates, but at the highest N rates there is increase in these characteristics. The combination between N and trinexapac-ethyl rates that promotes higher shoot dry mass is 150kg ha-1 and 187g ha-1 but that promotes higher grain yield is 100kg ha-1 and 120g ha-1, respectively.

Urease inhibitor (NBPT) and efficiency of single or split application of urea in wheat crop

O NBPT (N-(n-butil) tiofosforico triamida) e uma substância inibidora da urease, que se vem apresentando como das mais promissoras para a maximizacao do uso do nitrogenio da ureia em sistemas agricolas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo do trigo irrigado, submetido a fertilizacao com ureia ou ureia+NBPT aplicadas em dose unica ou parcelada. O experimento foi conduzido, de junho a outubro de 2006, em Vicosa-MG, Brasil. Seguiu-se o esquema fatorial 2×2, em que a ureia ou ureia+NBPT foram combinadas com duas formas de aplicacao: dose total na semeadura (60kg ha-1) ou parcelada (20kg ha-1 na semeadura + 40kg ha-1, em cobertura, no perfilhamento). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com dez repeticoes. Conclui-se que o parcelamento da fertilizacao nitrogenada nao promove incremento de produtividade do trigo, sob as condicoes de cultivo empregadas; o uso de inibidor de urease aumenta a produtividade da cultura do trigo, quando a ureia e aplicada, em cobertura, durante o perfilhamento, mas, seu uso nao promove aumento da produtividade quando a ureia e aplicada no sulco, durante a semeadura.