Marcelo de Morais Vitoriano

Ex vivo evaluation of coronal and apical microbial leakage of root canal--filled with gutta-percha or Resilon/Epiphany root canal filling material.

OBJECTIVE This ex vivo study compared coronal and apical microleakage of root canals filled with Resilon/Epiphany (RE) or gutta-percha/Grossman sealer (GP), using either lateral condensation (LC) or System B (SB) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens in eight experimental groups were obturated using the following materials and techniques: Groups 1 and 3--GP and LC; groups 2 and 4--GP and SB; groups 5 and 7--RE and LC; groups 6 and 8--RE and SB. Apical and coronal leakages were tested using bacterial methods. For coronal analysis, the number of days required for complete contamination of the root canals was recorded according to observation of the brain heart infusion broth turbidity for 15 weeks. For apical analysis, the teeth were cleaved and the leakage was measured at 30 days. Data were collected for each sample and analyzed statistically with the Chi-square and ANOVA tests. RESULTS Leakage was found in all groups. The difference between filling materials, obturation techniques, and median time of leakage was not statistically significant for coronal ( P=0.847) and apical ( P=0.5789) leakages. CONCLUSION There were no differences between the different filling materials (gutta-percha/Grossman sealer and Resilon/Epiphany) and obturation techniques (lateral condensation and system B technique) in coronal or apical leakages.

Intentional Replantation of an Avulsed Immature Permanent Incisor: A Case Report

Abstract This case report discusses the successful endodontic treatment of an open apex maxillary right permanent central incisor that had been avulsed and incorrectly replanted in a 7‐year‐old patient. The tooth was carefully re‐extracted followed by cleaning of the alveolar socket and immediate replantation. However, pulp necrosis was diagnosed, and regenerative endodontic treatment was performed. The root canal system was disinfected by passive ultrasonic irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. At the first visit, the tooth was repositioned and immobilized with an appropriate semirigid splint. After 14 days, the splint was removed, and the diagnosis of pulp necrosis was confirmed by thermal testing. The root canal was emptied, disinfected, and filled with calcium hydroxide paste, which was left in place for 7 days. At the third visit, calcium hydroxide was removed with hand files and passive ultrasonic irrigation, and the canal was filled with a mixture of double antibiotic paste (metronidazole/ciprofloxacin) and zinc oxide. The antibiotic paste was left in place for 30 days. At the final visit, the paste was removed and the periapical area stimulated with a #80 K‐file to encourage clot formation within the pulp cavity. A mineral trioxide aggregate paste cervical plug was placed, and the tooth was restored with glass ionomer cement. Clinical and imaging (radiographic and tomographic) follow‐up at 3, 6, 12, and 36 months showed endodontic success with continued root formation.

Decompression of a Large Periapical Lesion: A Case Report of 4-Year Follow-Up

This case report described the endodontic treatment and decompression of an extensive lesion in the anterior region of the mandible, detected during clinical and radiographic examination, in a patient with a complaint of slight tenderness to palpation in the area of mandibular right lateral incisor and canine. These teeth had been accessed without proper clinical evaluation, and their pulp tissues were exposed. The periodontal tissues were healthy, with no signs of inflammation or fistula. On radiographic examination, a radiolucent lesion with well-defined borders was seen extending from the distal root of mandibular left second premolar to the mesial root of mandibular right second premolar. Central and lateral mandibular left incisors were unresponsive to thermal pulp testing and exhibited coronal discoloration, consistent with a diagnosis of pulp necrosis. Due to persistent discharge from the root canal system during endodontic procedures despite application of intracanal medicament (calcium hydroxide paste), the decision was made to biopsy and decompress the lesion and conclude endodontic treatment. Histopathologic examination revealed a periapical granuloma. After endodontic treatment of the involved teeth, at 4-year clinical and radiographic follow-up, the affected region was almost completely repaired.

A maxillary central incisor with four root canals

The objective of the present study is to present a case report of endodontic treatment of a maxillary central incisor with 1 root and 4 root canals. The success of endodontic treatment requires knowledge of dental anatomy and its variations. This clinical article reports an unusual anatomy detected in a maxillary central incisor with 4 root canals with an associated periapical lesion. The incidence of 4 root canals in this tooth is rare. However, it must be taken into consideration, the clinical and radiographic evaluations during the endodontic treatment in order to enhance the diagnostic. Many times, the presence of a supernumerary canal is noticed only after canal treatment due to continuing post-operative discomfort or treatment failure.