Marcelo Fabiano Costella

Avaliação do cumprimento da NR-18 em função do porte de obra residencial e proposta de lista de verificação da NR-18

O presente trabalho investiga as reais condicoes dos ambientes de trabalho da industria da construcao, tendo em vista os problemas relacionados a seguranca do trabalho nos canteiros de obras. Formulou-se a hipotese de haver discrepância no grau de cumprimento da NR-18 em obras de diferentes portes (pequena, media e grande). Baseado em uma lista de verificacao do grau de cumprimento dos requisitos da NR-18, foram avaliados 115 canteiros de obra na cidade de Chapeco - SC. Para cada item da lista de verificacao foi atribuida uma nota e, apos compilar as informacoes, estas foram avaliadas conforme os objetivos da pesquisa. Fez-se uma analise critica para os cinco piores e os cinco melhores itens observados para as obras pequenas, medias e grandes. Analisando-se os resultados e possivel afirmar que ha uma diferenca significativa de aplicacao da NR-18 nos diferentes portes de obras, sendo que as obras de grande porte obtiveram uma media final (6,47) significativamente superior em relacao as obras pequenas (1,97). Desta forma, foi corroborada a hipotese formulada, podendo se atribuir este resultado a diversos fatores, entre os quais a falta de habilidades gerenciais de seguranca e saude do trabalho nas pequenas empresas. Outra contribuicao deste artigo foi a proposta de uma nova lista de verificacao para avaliar o grau de cumprimento da NR-18 nos canteiros de obra.

Development of a Computational Tool for the Analysis of Hydro-Sanitary Designs

The high demand for hydro-sanitary designs to be analyzed by the public system, in addition to the long time it takes to complete such analyses, reveals that the employed verification methodology and bureaucratic procedures are obsolete. The main objective of this work was to develop a computational tool for releasing and analyzing hydro-sanitary systems, seeking to automate the process. The methodology was initiated with the creation of an electronic archive of the rules and laws pertinent to the subject, followed by the identification of the work routines for hydro-sanitary designs, the programming of the tool, the creation of an electronic repository for objects and, finally, the validation of the software through testing. As a result, the computational model will automatically retrieve project data in the BIM platform and assess information of designs developed in CAD. Based on this work, the conclusion can be drawn that the automation of the release and analysis processes of hydro-sanitary designs is possible and achievable.

INTERAÇÃO SOLO-ESTRUTURA PARA SISTEMAS ESTRUTURAIS RETICULADOS SOBRE FUNDAÇÕES PROFUNDAS (SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION FOR FRAME STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS ON DEEP FOUNDATIONS)

A interacao entre as interfaces do sistema solo-estrutura tem a finalidade de assegurar a durabilidade, estabilidade e funcionalidade da obra durante sua vida util, para isto, apresenta-se uma ferramenta para consideracao deste fenomeno na analise global de estruturas reticulares, assentes sobre fundacoes profundas, com o objetivo de verificar a influencia dos recalques de apoio em estruturas desta tipologia, e se os mesmos sao capazes de gerar esforcos adicionais significativos sobre os componentes estruturais. O metodo empregado baseia-se na hipotese de Winkler, que admite molas discretas ao longo do fuste das fundacoes. Portanto, o trabalho consiste em incorporar a metodologia para consideracao de apoios flexiveis a estrutura computacional proposta por Gere e Weaver Jr. (1987), utilizando o Metodo da Rigidez, o qual e amplamente empregado para analise de estruturas reticulares. Atraves da analise integrada, contemplando parâmetros da infraestrutura, supraestrutura e do terreno de fundacao, comprovou-se que a rigidez dos elementos estruturais e os recalques diferenciais tem influencia significativa na redistribuicao dos esforcos e, portanto, a vinculacao entre solo e estrutura que melhor descreve o comportamento fisico de uma edificacao real e condicao de apoios deformaveis.

Kaizen - Analysis of the Implementation of the A3 Reporting Tool in a Steel Structure Company

The A3 report is a Kaizen tool that must contain, on one side of an A3 paper sheet, a context, the current situation, the objective, an analysis, countermeasures, an action plan, the monitoring and an upgrade regarding the situation to be improved. This study seeks to analyze the post-implementation effects of the A3 tool, which is part of the Kaizen method. The research method consisted in the collection and evaluation of A3 reports produced in the past seven years in a company of pre-fabricated steel structures. Among the 154 developed A3 reports, it was observed that 76% were drafted by the engineering and manufacturing departments, which converged on the improvement of processes, services and innovative solutions. The manufacturing and assembly sectors had 60% of the improvements implemented by the A3 tool, but the impacts with the greatest economic significance for the company were found in other sectors, such as sales and logistics. The conclusion is drawn that the A3 report was effective in the deployment of Kaizen, resulting in the improvement of services and processes, and consequently in the direct reduction of the cost of the finished product. In addition, it influenced market and business expansion strategies throughout the company.

Interação solo-estrutura para sistemas estruturais reticulados sobre fundações rasas

This paper presents a program for consideration of the soil-structure interaction in the spatial analysis of frame structures. The method is based on the assumption of Winkler, which allows discrete adjacent springs to the shallow foundations simulating the influence of the settlements of support in three-dimensional structures. Although the model is in 3D and thus all the six degrees of freedom of each support may suffer displacements due to a settlement, in this paper, the analysis was made considering only the influence of the vertical translation of the support. The work consists in adding the methodology for consideration of flexible supports to the flowcharts presented by Gere and Weaver, Jr. [1], using the stiffness method, which is widely used for the frame structures analysis. Through the integrated analysis, contemplating parameters of infrastructure, superstructure and foundation ground, it was proved that the deformability of the soil has significant influence on the efforts redistribution and the entailment between the soil and the structure that best describes the physical behavior of a building and flexible supports condition.