Marcelo Gradella Villalva

Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays

This paper proposes a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays. The main objective is to find the parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation by adjusting the curve at three points: open circuit, maximum power, and short circuit. Given these three points, which are provided by all commercial array data sheets, the method finds the best I-V equation for the single-diode photovoltaic (PV) model including the effect of the series and parallel resistances, and warranties that the maximum power of the model matches with the maximum power of the real array. With the parameters of the adjusted I-V equation, one can build a PV circuit model with any circuit simulator by using basic math blocks. The modeling method and the proposed circuit model are useful for power electronics designers who need a simple, fast, accurate, and easy-to-use modeling method for using in simulations of PV systems. In the first pages, the reader will find a tutorial on PV devices and will understand the parameters that compose the single-diode PV model. The modeling method is then introduced and presented in details. The model is validated with experimental data of commercial PV arrays.

Modeling and circuit-based simulation of photovoltaic arrays

This paper presents an easy and accurate method of modeling photovoltaic arrays. The method is used to obtain the parameters of the array model using information from the datasheet. The photovoltaic array model can be simulated with any circuit simulator. The equations of the model are presented in details and the model is validated with experimental data. Finally, simulation examples are presented. This paper is useful for power electronics designers and researchers who need an effective and straightforward way to model and simulate photovoltaic arrays.

Analysis and simulation of the P&O MPPT algorithm using a linearized PV array model

This paper shows that the performance of the perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is improved when the electronic converter is correctly controlled. A linearized photovoltaic (PV) array model is used to obtain the transfer function of the electronic converter and to design a voltage compensator for the converter input voltage. A buck converter is used in this work.

Dynamic analysis of the input-controlled buck converter fed by a photovoltaic array

The control of the input voltage of DC-DC converters is frequently required in photovoltaic applications. In this spe cial situation, unlike conventional converters, the output vol tage is constant and the input voltage is controlled. This paper deals with the analysis and the control of the buck converter with constant output voltage and variable input.

MODELING AND CONTROL OF A THREE-PHASE ISOLATED GRID-CONNECTED CONVERTER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS

This paper describes the modeling and control of a three-phase grid-connected converter fed by a photovoltaic array. The converter is composed of an isolated DC-DC converter and a three-phase DC-AC voltage source inverter The converters are modeled in order to obtain small-signal transfer functions that are used in the design of three closed-loop controllers: for the output voltage of the PV array, the DC link voltage and the output currents. Simulated and experimental results are presented.

Modeling of PV module with consideration of environmental factors

This paper discusses the modeling of single-diode photovoltaic cell to estimate the maximum power with respect to changes in environmental factors that effects its efficiency performance. The parameters, i.e. resistances for the modeling of PV cell are determined for nonlinear I-V characteristics to replicate the maximum power point. These values are determined at various environmental factors like; dust, solar radiation intensity, shadow, temperature and wind velocity.

Simulation of PV array output power for modified PV cell model

This paper discusses the performance of a PV system which uses a PV cell modeled with basis on the maximum power point characteristics. The results are simulated for a typical daily variation of solar radiation. The effect of temperature on the system output is also simulated.

Micro-inverter for integrated grid-tie PV module using resonant controller

Two-stage isolated converters for photovoltaic (PV) applications commonly employ a high-frequency transformer on the DC-DC side, submitting the DC-AC inverter switches to high voltages and forcing the use of IGBTs instead of low-voltage and low-loss MOSFETs. This paper shows the modeling, control and simulation of a single-phase full-bridge inverter with high-frequency transformer (HFT) that can be used as part of a two-stage converter with transformerless DC-DC side or as a single-stage converter (simple DC-AC inverter) for grid-connected PV applications. The inverter is modeled in order to obtain a small-signal transfer function used to design the P+Resonant current control regulator. A high-frequency step-up transformer results in reduced voltage switches and better efficiency compared with converters in which the transformer is used on the DC-DC side. Simulations and experimental results with a 200 W prototype are shown.

Resonant (P+RES) controller applied to voltage source inverter with minimum DC link capacitor

Voltage source inverters use large electrolytic capacitors in order to decouple the energy between the utility and the load, keeping the DC link voltage constant. Decreasing the capacitance reduces the distortion in the inverter input current but this also affects the load with low-order harmonics and generate disturbances at the input voltage. This paper applies the P+RES controller to solve the challenge of regulating the output current by means of controlling the magnitude of the current space vector, keeping it constant thus rejecting harmonic disturbances that would otherwise propagate to the load. This work presents a discussion of the switching and control strategy.

Analysis and simulationof the P&O MPPT algorithm using alinearized PV array model

This paper shows that the performance of the perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is improved when the electronic converter is correctly controlled. A linearized photovoltaic (PV) array model is used to obtain the transfer function of the electronic converter and to design a voltage compensator for the converter input voltage. A buck converter is used in this work.