Marcelo José Vieira

DIAGNÓSTICO DA QUALIDADE DE MAÇÃS NO MERCADO VAREJISTA BRASILEIRO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and price of apples in the Brazilian retailer market. Samples of Gala, Fuji and Red Delicious apples were collected monthly between March of 2010 and January of 2011 in 20 supermarkets in Curitiba, Sao Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro and Recife. Four supermarkets in each city were previously selected and defined as sources of apple samples for the 11 months of the study. The Category (scale 1 to 3) of the apples was defined by external fruit quality (color; severity of physiological, mechanical, fungus, insect and hail damage, etc) according to the legal standards of MAPA. Category 1 and 3 represent the highest and lowest fruit quality standards, respectively. The average Category of the apples in the supermarkets increased during the year from 1.6 to 2.0 for ‘Gala’, from 1.8 to 2.4 for ‘Fuji’ and from 1.4 to 1.8 for ‘Red Delicious’. The loss of quality in the period between the packing and the exposure of the fruits in the supermarket was evident in all 11 months and varieties. The decrease of the external quality in the apples at the supermarket was associated with high incidence of mechanical damages and decay that ranged between 13 to 50% and 1 to 20%, respectively, depending of the variety and the month of evaluation. The flesh firmness of the apples decreased between March and July for levels below 12 lb and tended to increase to levels close to 14 and 15 lb between November and January depending of the variety. The standards of price and quality fluctuation along the year indicate that the retail price of the apple is more influenced by the seasonality or the pressure of sales than by the quality of the fruit. The variation of apple prices among regions was similar for the three varieties. Data indicated that average period between packing and supermarket exposure is 17 and 28 days for ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apples, respectively.