Marcelo Nascimento de Oliveira

Measurement of the shear properties of clear wood by the Arcan test

Abstract In this work, the identification of the shear properties of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) wood was investigated by applying the Arcan test method. For this purpose, an ad hoc Arcan fixture was designed for which clear wood samples could be tested along all the material planes of symmetry – LR, LT and RT planes. For the accurate evaluation of the shear moduli, correction factors taking into account the non-uniformity of the shear stress and the shear strain distributions at the gauge section were determined with finite element analyses. Experimentally, two 0/90 rosettes were glued on both frontal and back surfaces of the specimens in order to take into account any through-to-thickness shear strain variation. It was found that the Arcan test is suitable for the identification of the shear moduli of wood in all its natural planes. The failure of the Arcan specimens systematically occurred under a concentrated stress state nearby the V-notches. Nevertheless, it was shown that an accurate estimation of the shear strengths of wood can be achieved by the Arcan test.

A descentralização da política nacional de ATER: uma experiência nos assentamentos de reforma agrária no noroeste mineiro - Brasil

A descentralizacao de politicas publicas no pais permitiu a participacao da sociedade civil organizada em diferentes âmbitos de sua formulacao, execucao e fiscalizacao. Desde a decada de 1990, a universalizacao desse processo vem se consolidando no meio rural por meio da operacionalizacao de servicos de assistencia tecnica e extensao rural realizada por organizacoes nao governamentais. Com a regulamentacao da Politica Nacional de Assistencia Tecnica e Extensao Rural, houve uma ampliacao na participacao das organizacoes sociais ligadas aos movimentos sociais de agricultores familiares. Este texto aborda uma experiencia vivenciada por agentes de desenvolvimento em assentamentos de reforma agraria do municipio de Unai, Minas Gerais.

Family and collective logics in land reform settlements in Unai (Minais Gerais State, Brazil)

The public policy of agrarian reform in Brazil still gives priority to collective organization of the settlement, of the services and even of the agricultural production. This collective logic is promoted and institutionalized both by the State and the agrarian reform movements. Paradoxically, the settlement is based on the concession of individual land plots to a public formed mostly by former wage-earners, in the context of the promotion of family-based economic enterprises. This paper analyzes the origins and consequences of the interaction between these logics, focusing the case of land reform settlements of the municipality of Unai, in the state of Minas Gerais. There is a tension between the individual interest of “the new land-owner”, the logic of the family and the collective logic dependent on the modalities of public policy. The obligation of familiar or communitarian solidarity is fed by the precariousness of the settlement process and by the unifying ideology and human values. The results in Unai teach us that: a) the budgets and the instruments of public policy for agrarian reform are not adapted or suitable, and may become contradictory and lead to conflicts; b) in spite of such conditions and institutional environment, tools and methods for social construction of partnerships allow for a synergy between individual, familiar and collective logics; c) at the local level, the educational effort is indispensable in order to strengthen the dignity and identity of the settlers, but it will be efficient only on medium or long term.