Marcelo Raul Romero Tappin

Análise química quantitativa para a padronização do óleo de copaíba por cromatografia em fase gasosa de alta resolução

Quantitative GC-FID was evaluated for analysis of methylated copaiba oils, using trans-(-)-caryophyllene or methyl copalate as external standards. Analytical curves showed good linearity and reproducibility in terms of correlation coefficients (0.9992 and 0.996, respectively) and relative standard deviation (< 3%). Quantification of sesquiterpenes and diterpenic acids were performed with each standard, separately. When compared with the integrator response normalization, the standardization was statistically similar for the case of methyl copalate, but the response of trans-(-)-caryophyllene was statistically (P < 0.05) different. This method showed to be suitable for classification and quality control of commercial samples of the oils.

Essential oils from oleoresins of Protium spp. of the Amazon region.

The essential oils of six species of Protium (Burseraceae), collected near Manaus, Amazon, were extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC – MS. Resins from four species were collected yearly, and two species were represented by more than one tree. All six oils were found to be entirely monoterpenoid in constitution and were characterized by the predominance of p-cymene and α- and β-phellandrene. The composition of fresh exudates is associated with increasing content of α-pinene and unsaturated p-menthanes. Copyright

Bioconversion of R-(+)-limonene to perillic acid by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

Perillyl derivatives are increasingly important due to their flavouring and antimicrobial properties as well as their potential as anticancer agents. These terpenoid species, which are present in limited amounts in plants, may be obtained via bioconversion of selected monoterpene hydrocarbons. In this study, seventeen yeast strains were screened for their ability to oxidize the exocyclic methyl group in the p-menthene moiety of limonene into perillic acid. Of the yeast tested, the highest efficiency was observed for Yarrowia lipolytica ATCC 18942. The conversion of R (+)-limonene by Y. lipolytica was evaluated by varying the pH (3 to 8) and the temperature (25 to 30 °C) in a reaction medium containing 0.5% v/v limonene and 10 g/L of stationary phase cells (dry weight). The best results, corresponding to 564 mg/L of perillic acid, were obtained in buffered medium at pH 7.1 that was incubated at 25 °C for 48 h. The stepwise addition of limonene increased the perillic acid concentration by over 50%, reaching 855 mg/L, whereas the addition of glucose or surfactant to the reaction medium did not improve the bioconversion process. The use of Y. lipolytica showed promise for ease of further downstream processing, as perillic acid was the sole oxidised product of the bioconversion reaction. Moreover, bioprocesses using safe and easy to cultivate yeast cells have been favoured in industry.

Panorama da Qualidade de Amostras de Espinheira-Santa Provenientes de Arranjos Produtivos Locais e do Comércio Varejista do Rio de Janeiro Através de Métodos Farmacopeicos e Análise de Componentes Principais.

O uso de plantas medicinais vem sendo aprimorado no Brasil, demonstrado pela evolucao da legislacao especifica. Porem, ainda ha falhas na vigilância da qualidade dos produtos disponiveis. Neste trabalho demonstramos, atraves dos teores de umidade, contaminantes, epicatequina e taninos totais, um quadro da qualidade de amostras de espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) no mercado. Um total de 89 % das amostras mostrou teor de impurezas acima do permitido. Para taninos, verificou-se variacao entre 0,18 e 2,96 % - o teor minimo oficial e de 2 %; a epicatequina (marcador farmacopeico de qualidade) foi detectada em apenas 37 % das amostras, por CCD e CLAE. A analise dos componentes principais, apos as avaliacoes laboratoriais, permitiu visualizar tres grupos de amostras legitimas e de outras claramente fraudadas, por apresentarem os teores analisados abaixo dos limites oficiais ou por apresentarem contaminacoes. O grupo 2 apresentou maiores teores de epicatequina e taninos totais, caracteristicos da especie. Plantas com altos indices de impurezas e umidade, como as amostras dos grupos 1 e 3, sugerem amostras nao autenticas. Estes resultados podem, em parte, sugerir que possiveis efeitos deleterios causados pelo consumo de produtos disponiveis no mercado a base de espinheira-santa possam ser devidos as nao conformidades observadas nas amostras.

Development, Optimization and Validation of a GC Method by Polarity Phase Constants and Statistical Design of Experiments for the Determination of Monoterpenes in Alpinia zerumbet Essential Oil

In this report, a rapid and selective analytical method for the determination of monoterpenes in Alpinia zerumbet essential oil (AZEO) by gas chromatography (GC) flame ionization detection (FID) was developed, optimized and validated. The suitability of six different capillary columns was investigated by polarity phase constants calculated based on the methodology proposed by Rohrschneider and McReynolds. The most suitable column was then used in a central composite design applying the following GC factors to investigate responses based on peak resolutions and analysis time: initial oven temperature, heating rate and carrier gas flow rate. The optimized method has initial oven temperature of 60 C, heating rate of 5.1 C min and flow rate of 1.0 mL min using the DB-35 capillary column. The validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of major monoterpenes found in AZEO in different samples of Alpinia zerumbet.

Influência da técnica de extração e do tamanho de partícula do material vegetal no teor de compostos fenólicos totais da tintura das folhas de Alpinia zerumbet

A especie Alpinia zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) tem amplo emprego na medicina tradicional e popular como diuretica e anti-hipertensiva. O Formulario de Fitoterapicos da Farmacopeia Brasileira padroniza o uso de A. zerumbet na forma de tintura, indicada para o tratamento de hipertensao arterial leve. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a influencia da tecnica de extracao e do tamanho de particula do material vegetal no processo extrativo de compostos fenolicos totais das folhas de Alpinia zerumbet . Folhas secas foram extraidas com etanol:agua (7:3 v/v), comparando-se quatro tecnicas de extracao (percolacao, maceracao estatica, extracao por ultrassom e maceracao dinâmica), cada uma combinada a quatro faixas de tamanhos de particula do material vegetal (nao tamisado, 16-32 mesh , 32-60 mesh e 60-100 mesh ) totalizando 16 extracoes. Os compostos fenolicos totais foram quantificados utilizando o metodo espectrofotometrico de Folin-Denis. A percolacao demonstrou ser a tecnica mais eficiente, seguida da maceracao dinâmica, extracao por ultrassom e, com menor eficiencia, a maceracao estatica. A variacao no tamanho de particula do material vegetal demonstrou nao influenciar significativamente na extracao de fenolicos totais. A percolacao e a faixa de tamanho de particula padronizado entre 60 e 100 mesh , demonstrou ser a combinacao mais eficiente avaliada neste estudo.