Marcia Aparecida Simonete

Resposta de pinus taeda com diferentes idades à adubação NPK no Planalto Sul Catarinense

In the southern highland (Planalto Sul) region of Santa Catarina, Brazil, most of the pine forests were planted without soil fertilization. Currently, many areas are in the second or third rotation, and their productivity may be limited by low soil fertility. An alternative to mitigate this problem would be fertilization in the established forest. This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of fertilization with N, P, and K at different growth stages of Pinus taeda. Experiments were conducted in one-, five-, and nine-year-old forests, all in the second rotation, in Cambisols located in the municipality of Otacilio Costa, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Treatments consisted of combinations of fertilization rates of N (N0=0, N1=70, and N2=140 kg ha-1 N), P (P0=0, P1=75, and P2=150 kg ha-1 P2O5), and K (K0=0, K1=60, and K2=120 kg ha-1 K2O), plus a control treatment without fertilization. The combinations used were N0P0K0, N0P1K0, N1P1K1, N1P2K1, N1P2K2, and N2P2K1. A completely randomized block experimental design was used, with three replications. The height and diameter at the root collar or at breast height of trees was measured; also the trunk volume of the plants and N, P, and K contents in needles at six and 18 months after fertilization were measured. In one-year-old plants, a significant increase in timber volume was obtained with the application of 70 kg ha-1 of P2O5. For five- and nine-year-old plants, fertilization with 70, 75, and 60 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively, promote significant increase in timber volume, showing that fertilization of established pine forests increase productivity in areas of low fertility.

Fornecimento de cálcio para plantas de eucalyptus saligna por meio de aplicação de resíduo industrial lama de cal

The industrial waste lime sludge originated from the production of bleached kraft paper from eucalyptus, contains considerable amount of calcium, which can help reduce the consumption of fertilizers in forest plantations. To evaluate the effect of lime sludge as a Ca source and its effects on nutrient availability and shoot dry matter production of eucalyptus trees, two greenhouse experiments were conducted in the research area of Klabin, in Parana. The soils were an Entisol quartzipsamments and an Alfisol paleudult. The treatments consisted of two Ca sources (dolomitic limestone and lime sludge), and a control, identified as: Entisol control, Entisol limestone, Entisol lime sludge and for the Alfisol: Alfisol control, Alfisol limestone, and Alfisol lime sludge. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna were grown for 126 days in pots. The dry matter production was quantified, shoot leaf analysis conducted and soil analyzed at harvest. The data revealed that both types of liming supplied the eucalyptus plants with Ca, increased by the residue application, compared with the treatment with dolomitic limestone, whereas the N, P, K and S contents remained similar. The foliar Mg contents of plants grown in the treatments Entisol control and Entisol lime sludge were below the range considered adequate. The addition of lime sludge increased soil pH and Ca and Na concentrations, reduced exchangeable Al and did not affect Mg availability; this latter fact can lead to Mg deficiency for plants in soils with low Mg levels, as observed in this study.

Phosphorus adsorption in lowlands of Santa Catarina cultivated with rice and its relation with soil properties

Soils have different capacities to retain phosphorus (P). In seasonal flooded soils iron (Fe) oxides and hydroxides of poor crystallinity, increase with time, and could be the most important constituent in P adsorption, during the time the soils remain unflooded. The present paper had the objective to determine the maximum adsorption capacity of P (MACP), collected from five selected soils in lowland rice areas in the Santa Catarina state, to search for soil individual parameters that best correlates with maximum adsorption capacity of P (MACP). The rates of P used to determine the MACP were calculated based on the concentration of indigenous P in the soil. The sorption of P and the P in solution data were then fitted to the Langmuir sorption isotherm equations. The results obtained for the parameters ´a´ and ´b´ (binding energy and MACP, respectively) were correlated with selected soil parameters. The Langmuir equations adequately described P adsorption in the soils. The maximum sorption of P varied widely, ranging from 0.419 to 1,450 mg g-¹, where the organic soil (OXs) presented very high MACP, which could lead to a less availability of the element to the plants. The coefficients of correlation showed a significant association between MACP and the following soil parameters: P indigenous, Fe oxides extracted with ammonium oxalate at pH 3.0 (Feo3) and pH 6.0 (Feo6), as well as the ratios Feo3/Fed and Feo6/Fed, suggersting that these chemical parameters can be utilized to characterize the P adsorption in these soils.

Prediction of rainfall from geographical coordinates of the state of Rio Grande do Sul

Based on the fact that the altitude, latitude and longitude influence climate characteristics of a region, the aim of the present work was to verify the existence of information gain when the statistical procedure of multiple linear regression is applied for the prediction of total precipitates annual, monthly and seasonal, for some municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul were used daily rainfall data from 26 weather stations. Therefore, besides other 7, used for validation of the proposed linear models. Data were obtained from the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), which belong to seven mesoregions the state of Rio Grande do Sul. After the formation of the series, precipitation values were adjusted from linear models using linear regression Multiple, in which the dependent variable was the precipitation and the independent variables, the geographic coordinates latitude and longitude, and altitude. The prediction of the values of annual, seasonal and monthly precipitation, depending on the geographical coordinates and altitute, can be performed from the multiple linear regression. Of the three variables, the latitude seems to be that most influences the estimation of precipitation.