Márcia Batista da Fonseca

A formação da ALCA e os prováveis efeitos sobre as exportações agrícolas brasileiras

In the last decade of the 20th century, the main enterprises of integration in which Brazil was involved were MERCOSUR (Common Market of the South America) and the negotiations about the formation of FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas). The regional integration together with the trade liberalization has deeply benefited the Brazilian agricultural sector, and nowadays the country is ranked as the second biggest agricultural product exporter country inside the FTAA. The effects on commerce are directly related to the trade restrictions once imposed on partners and on trade volume initially verified among these countries. Considering this aspect, the goal of this study is to recognize the probable effects of Brazil’s participation in FTAA in what refers to coffee, cacao, soy, sugar, orange juice and meat exports in the period of 1999-2002. This analysis was performed under the optics of the partial equilibrium that was developed by Laird and Yeats (1986), so that, to estimate the effects of first order, i.e. the reductions in the trade restrictions using the elasticities approach. The conclusion made in relation to the simulations that have been made to the period of 1999-2002, with total liberation from trade restrictions imposed by FTAA’s country members to the Brazilian exports, is that, for the group of products studied, the trade creation effect turns out to be superior to the trade diversion one, showing clearly the competitiveness of Brazilian agribusiness inside FTAA.

Sources of growth of bovine meat exports from Mato Grosso from 1996 to 2010

The objective of this study is to analyze the competiveness of the Mato Grosso bovine meat in view of the international market through researching the factors that most influenced the performance of the Mato Grosso bovine meat exports from 1996 to 2010. Specifically, the aim was to verify if the Mato Grosso bovine meat contains competitive sustainable advantages to maintain its international market position and if it is possible to increase its market share. To do so, a comparison of the competitiveness of bovine meat export of Mato Grosso was performed. Also, the competitiveness of the Brazilian meat exports was compared with that of other main exporters of this product, namely, Australia, Argentina and the United States through the use of the Constant Market Share Model (CMS). The obtained results of CMS with respect to Mato Grosso made it possible to verify that competitiveness was not a dominant factor throughout the whole period and that Mato Grosso will be able to maintain its position in the world market and expand its market share further. These results are caused by the destination of the exports and the increase of global trade rather than competitiveness.