Márcia Paula Oliveira Farias

Potencial acaricida do óleo de andiroba Carapa guianensis Aubl. sobre fêmeas adultas ingurgitadas de Anocentor nitens Neumann, 1897 e Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille, 1806

Avaliou-se o potencial acaricida in vitro do oleo da semente da andiroba (Carapa guianensis) sobre femeas ingurgitadas de Anocentor nitens (n=210) e Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=140), coletadas manualmente, respectivamente, de equinos e de caes naturalmente infestados. Para o teste de imersao, empregaram-se cinco diluicoes do oleo de andiroba, 100%, 50%, 30%, 25% e 10%, em agua destilada, utilizando-se tween 80 como dispersante. No teste com A. nitens, foram usadas tres repeticoes para cada diluicao, utilizando-se 10 femeas ingurgitadas para cada tratamento. No teste com R. sanguineus, usaram-se duas repeticoes, e formaram-se, ainda, dois grupos-controle para cada especie de ixodideo, um com agua destilada e outro com tween 80 mais agua destilada. Apos os testes, as femeas foram mantidas em laboratorio sob temperatura ambiente. Observou-se mortalidade das femeas ingurgitadas e reducao de postura, neste caso, com ovos inferteis, demonstrando eficacia de 100% nas duas especies em todas as diluicoes testadas. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram a potencialidade do uso do extrato de andiroba contra A. nitens e R. sanguineus.

Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in bovines in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that affects homeothermic animals, including humans. Felines are considered the definitive host of this parasite, while other animals act as intermediate hosts. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in bovines in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Serum samples (n = 427) from animals in 13 municipalities of the coastal forest/plantation region of the state were analyzed using the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The overall results revealed a prevalence rate of 16.63% (27/427). High percentages of positivity were found among animals aged 25 to 36 months (28.57%; 30/42) and in males (22.22%; 2/9). The present findings suggest that bovine toxoplasmosis is endemic in the area under study.

In vitro efficacy of oil from the seed of Carapa guianensis (andiroba) in the control of Felicola subrostratus

This study was perfomed to assess the in vitro effect of oil from the seed of andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) on Felicola subrostratus (Burmeister, 1838) (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae). Six hundred specimens of F. subrostratus from neighborhood of Jordao, Recife-PE, Brazil, were collected by hand directly from the fur of cats infested naturally. The lice were transported in plastic recipients to the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases of Domesticated Animals of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (Brazil) for the immersion test. Four dilutions of andiroba oil (100, 50, 25 and 10%) in distilled water were tested, using Tween 80 as dispersant; two control groups (one with distilled water and the other with monosulfiram) were also formed; four replicates were performed, with 25 specimens for each dilution, totaling 100 lice per treatment. After the test, the insects were kept at room temperature and observed for mortality rates for 72 h. The biological activity of the product achieved 100% mortality of the insects in the first hour at concentrations of 100 and 50% and in the third hour at concentrations of 25 and 10%. The results demonstrate the possibility of controlling F. subrostratus throught the use of oil extracted from andiroba seeds.

Cálculo da CI50 (concentração inibitória média) e CL50 (concentração letal média) do óleo da semente de andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Aubl.) sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887), Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) e Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

The average inhibitory concentration (CI50) and average lethal concentration (CL50) of oil obtained from the seeds of Carapa guianensis aubl were determined on oviposition and larval viability of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887), Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae). For the oviposition treatment, 10 engorged females were used at 5 different dilutions (20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1.25%). The control group of females was immersed in distilled water. Three replicates were used for each dilution. For the larval viability treatment 100 larvae ranging from 14 to 21 days of age were used at 6 dilutions (20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25 and 0.75%), using deionized water and Tween 80 as a dispersant. Two control groups were used, one with deionized water only and another with Tween 80 and deionized water. CI50 of 4.332, 4.850, 4.903 and CL50 of 5,228; 5,362 and 5,698 R. (B.) microplus, A. nitens and R. sanguineus were observed for oviposition and larvae respectively. The lowest concentration at which maximum effectiveness of C. guianensis oil was obtained was 10%. In conclusion this oil is toxic for these ticks and may be an alternative acaricide for tick control.

Avaliação in vitro dos efeitos do óleo da semente de Carapa guianensis Aubl. sobre larvas de nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos e ovinos

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro action of Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) seed oil on the cultivation of larvae from gastrointestinal nematodes of goats and sheep. Five andiroba oil dilutions (100, 50, 30, 25, and 10%) were assayed, with three replicates per treatment, using Tween 80 as surfactant. Three control groups were formed: a negative control (distilled water), another negative control (distilled water + Tween 80) and a positive control (Doramectin). The activity of andiroba on the eggs from gastrointestinal nematodes was obtained by calculating larva reduction percentages per gram of feces. In goats, a highly effective reduction in the total number of larvae was detected for treatments 100, 50 and 30%, with null means for all nematode genera. In sheep, a highly effective reduction in the total number of larvae was observed for all treatments, with null means for treatments 100, 50 and 30%. Such results indicate that Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) seed oil has in vitro activity against larvae from gastrointestinal nematodes of goats and sheep.

In vitro efficacy of oil from the seeds of Carapa guianensis aulb. (meliaceae) against Damalinia caprae (Gurlt, 1843) (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae)

This research aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Carapa guianensis (andiroba) seed oil against Damalinia caprae. It was used 900 specimens of adult D. caprae distributed in nine groups. Each group had four replications of 25 specimens. The groups were subjected to seven concentrations of oil from the seed of C. guianensis (100%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% e 2,5%). There were two control groups: one was a negative control using distilled water and the other was a positive control using Monosulfiram. Evaluations were conducted at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours following immersion. The evaluations were conducted until all the lice in the treated groups were dead. Treatments with seed oil from C. guianensis in the concentrations of 100%, 50%, 30% and positive control showed 100% mortality one hour after immersion. In the other treatments the death of D. Caprae occurred until up to six hours after the beginning of the experiment.

LEISHMANIA SPP. IN DIDELPHIS SPP. FROM NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Abstract The synanthropic behavior of marsupials of the genus Didelphis in endemic areas of leishmaniasis suggests that these animals may play an important role in the epidemiology of this infection. The aim of the present study was to detect Leishmania spp. DNA in Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum) and Didelphis aurita (big-eared opossum) living in forested and peridomestic areas of northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 25 animals (23 D. albiventris and 2 D. aurita) by cardiac puncture and then analyzed via PCR. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis DNA complex was detected in 4 (16%) of the 25 samples, whereas no samples scored positive for Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani complex. Our data suggest that D. albiventris participates in the wild enzootic cycle of the L. (V.) braziliensis complex. Therefore, humans living in this area are at risk of infection, because Didelphis species are in constant movement between wild and urban environments.

Carrapatos e pulgas em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

This study aimed to identify the species of fleas and ticks of Cerdocyon thous from the state of Pernambuco. Animals (n = 20) were examined, with 30% (6/20) ectoparasitized. Fleas (n = 16) and ticks (n = 17) parasitizing free-living crab-eating fox and captive in state of Pernambuco were collected. The fleas were identified as: Pulex irritans and Ctenocephalides felis; and the ticks were: Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Amblyomma ovale. The presence of ectoparasites of domestic animals parasitizing C. thous, suggests a close contact of this species to the peridomicile. Furthermore, this is the first report of the occurrence of A. ovale in C. thous in northeastern Brazil.