Márcio Cajazeira Aguiar

Sickle cell disease does not predispose to caries or periodontal disease.

This study investigated the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal condition in a population with sickle cell disease (SCD), analyzing some associations with disease severity. The Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were recorded for 99 individuals with SCD and 91 matched controls. Socio-demographic status, oral health behaviors, and history of clinical severity of SCD were assessed. Statistical comparisons were performed between the group with SCD and the control group, as well as multivariate logistic regression analyses with DMFT index and CPI as the dependent variables. The mean number of decayed teeth was significantly higher in individuals with HbSS. Older age, female gender, and daily smoking were identified as risk factors for higher DMFT, while older age and absence of daily use of dental floss were risk factors for the development of periodontal disease. In conclusion, risk factors known to cause caries and periodontal disease had more influence on oral health than the direct impact of SCD.

Parotid Gland with Double Duct: An Anatomic Variation Description

La parotida es la glandula salival mas grande presente en el hombre y su producto de secrecion, basicamente seroso, es normalmente dirigido hasta la cavidad oral, a traves de un unico canal parotideo que, luego de perforar el musculo buccinador, desemboca en la mucosa de la mejilla. Este trabajo muestra un caso raro de doble canal parotideo hallado durante la disecccion de un cadaver de sexo masculino, de 46 anos de edad, en el lado derecho del rostro. Los canales superior (DI) e inferior (D2), presentaron una longitud de 26,49 mm y 37,25 mm, respectivamente. En base a los diametros presentados por los canales en los tercios posterior (DI 3,05mm; D2 2,84 mm) y medio (DI 2,84mm; D2 2,68 mm) y de acuerdo con los hallazgos histologicos, ambos fueron considerados principales. En el tercio mas anterior los canales se fusionaron, presentando una unica apertura en la cavidad oral. Las informaciones presentadas en este documento son relevantes para diferentes procedimientos clinicos y quirurgicos que tengan relacion con la glandula parotida.

Prevalence of orofacial alterations in sickle cell disease: a review of literature

Aim: To evaluate the manifestations of sickle cell disease on the orofacial complex through a review of current literature concerning prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, temporomandibular joint disorders and radiographic alterations of maxillofacial bones. Methods: Full-text papers retrieved from MEDLINE and LILACS electronic databases were critically reviewed. Results: Alterations of maxillofacial bones are well documented in the literature, but studies reporting caries, periodontal condition and temporomandibular joint alterations in are scarce and inconclusive. Conclusion: Further well-designed epidemiological studies are needed to indicate the real impact of this disease on the stomatognathic health, collaborating to improve public health policies.

Evaluation of laser phototherapy (λ 780 nm) after dental replantation in rats

BACKGROUND/AIM Tooth replantation is the treatment of choice in cases of avulsion although the outcomes are variable. The teeth can be lost due to external root resorption. The aim of this study was to histologically assess of the effect of laser phototherapy (λ780 nm) on replanted teeth in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty Wistar Albinus rats had their maxillary right incisors extracted and were then divided into four groups: G1-absence of storage medium; G2-milk as storage medium; G3-milk as storage medium followed by a laser irradiation of the root surfaces and entrance of the alveolus (λ = 780 nm; P = 70 mW; CW; DE = 21 J/cm2 ); G4-milk as storage medium, laser irradiation as in G3 before replantation. After this procedure, laser irradiation was performed on the buccal and palatal mucosa (8.4 J/cm2 per session) every 48 h for 15 days. The animals were euthanized 15, 30, and 60 days after replantation. RESULTS The histological results showed that after 15 days, G4 exhibited intense chronic inflammation with the presence of clastic cells and moderate external inflammatory root resorption (P < 0.05) when compared with G3, in which these outcomes were not observed. At the 30th day, G1, G2, and G4 showed chronic inflammation varying from discrete to moderate, as well as intense external inflammatory root resorption. G3 remained without any inflammation and external inflammatory root resorption up to the 60th day. CONCLUSIONS The use of laser phototherapy on the root surface and at the entrance of the alveolus prior to replantation had a positive biomodulative effect on alveolar repair after tooth replantation in rats.

A comparative study of the effects of two carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the structure of enamel

Objective: Considering that different sources of carbamide peroxide bleaching agent may cause greater or lesser damage to the enamel and may have reduced effectiveness in dental whitening, the aim of this study was to compare the effects on the structure of enamel of two bleaching agents, drugstore-compounded and commercial carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. Methods: The specimens in the first group (drugstore-compounded carbamide peroxide) and second group (commercial carbamide peroxide) were treated with to 16% carbamide peroxide for 4 h per day for 20 days. The third group served as a control and was kept in artificial saliva during the test period. After the treatments, all specimens were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Results: Changes in the enamel morphology were similar in both experimental groups, but these changes were greater than those observed in the control group. The changes were mild and included only pores. Conclusion: There were no differences regarding damage to the enamel between drugstore-compounded and commercial carbamide peroxide bleaching agents.

EVALUATION OF LASER PHOTOBIOMODULATION (λ 780 nm) ON REPAIR OF DENTAL REPLANTATION IN RATS

Up to date the success of tooth replantation is still limited. The majority of the teeth is lost due to progressive external root resorption. The aim of this study was to assess, histologically, the effect of laser photobiomodulation on repair after tooth replantation. Sixty Wistar Albinus rats had the right upper incisor extracted and then divided into 4 groups: G1 - absence of storage medium; G2 - milk u s e d as storage medium; G3 – milk used as storage medium a n d followed by GaAlAs laser irradiation on dental surfaces and at the entrance of alveolus; G4 - milk used as storage medium associated with laser irradiation as in G3 before and after replantation on the buccal and palatal mucosa every 48 hours for 15 days. The animals were sacrificed at 15, 30 and 60 days after replantation. The results showed that after 15 days G4 exhibit more intense chronic inflammation, with presence of clastic cells and moderate inflammatory root resorption (p<0.05) when compared to G3, which presented absence of those parameters. At day 30 in G1, G2 and G4 mild to moderate chronic inflammation and severe external root resorption were observed. G3 remained with no inflammation and inflammatory root resorption with 30 and 60 days of healing experimental times. The results suggest that laser irradiation on the dental entrance of the dental alveolus prior to tooth replantation has a positive biomodulative effect on the healing process in rats.

Ultrastructural features of masseter muscle exhibiting altered occlusal relationship—a study in a rodent model

The role of occlusion on Tempormandibular Disorders (TMD) is still unclear, mainly regarding muscular function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occlusion highlights on masseter ultra morphology. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups: 10 for control group, 10 for occlusal alteration group (CCO). Rats underwent unilateral amputation of the left inferior and superior molar cusps to simulate an occlusal wear situation. The rats of control group had no occlusal wear. Half of the animals of each group was sacrificed in 14 days after the occlusal consuming and half 30 days after the occlusal consuming. The masseter muscles ipsilateral to the amputated molars were excised and processed for light microscopy, electron microscopy. The light microscopy did not show differences between the groups. The electron microscopy was able to detect a degree of intracellular damage in muscle fibers of CCO group: swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae and cleared matrix, signs of hypercontraction of I bands and myofibril disorganization.