Márcio Luiz da Silva

The mineralogy of paleosols in the Marília Formation and their importance in the environmental evolution of the Maastrichtian of the Bauru Basin in southeastern Brazil

Soils and paleosols reflect the complex interplay between sedimentation, erosion and non-deposition. An analysis of the mineralogical components of paleosols is critical for the reconstitution of the factors, processes and environments in which they were formed. The recognition of mineralogical assemblages can reveal the environmental conditions during pedogenesis and through quantitative analysis it is possible to identify a vertical variation in mineral concentration or leaching over the paleosol profiles, indirectly pointing to environmental processes that dominated during the pedogenetic evolution. The objective of this study is to discuss the significance of mineral phases and to quantify the environmental evolution and degree of development of paleosols of the Marilia Formation, Maastrichtian of Bauru Basin. Three sections have been described (A1, A2, A3) in the Marilia Formation. The mineralogy was determined by x-ray diffraction, and mineral quantification was obtained through the Rietveld refinement method. The calcretes of the Marilia Formation are pedogenic, mostly authigenic minerals. The variation of quartz, calcite, palygorskite and smectite, the micromorphology, and the diversity of subsurface horizons (Bkm, Btkm, Bt) indicate that the studied paleosols did develop in semi-arid conditions, with episodes of higher rainfall rates, humidity, leaching and desilication.

Geoprocessamento aplicado ao planejamento urbano: proposta preliminar de expansão urbana no Município de Inconfidentes – MG (GIS applied to urban planning: preliminary proposal for urban expansion in the city of Inconfidentes - MG)

Diante de um cenario nacional que aponta para a expansao urbana das cidades medias e pequenas, o planejamento urbano se faz necessario a fim de criar estrategias para o crescimento das cidades de forma sustentavel. Os municipios devem se voltar para um planejamento de qualidade e que garanta a satisfacao aos seus habitantes, uma vez que esses entes federativos devem atender de forma plena a sua funcao social. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a utilizacao do geoprocessamento como ferramenta complementar no processo de planejamento urbano, visando apresentar uma proposta de expansao urbana para o municipio de Inconfidentes – MG. O levantamento foi feito atraves do software ArcGIS 9.3, utilizando a carta topografica dos municipios de Ouro Fino - MG e Borda da Mata - MG de 1972 e a imagem Google Earth Pro de alta resolucao (Res. 4800x2834) adquirida em 23 de setembro de 2013. Os dados referentes a declividade e curvas de nivel foram extraidos a partir da imagem SRTM (Folha SF-23-Y-B) adquirida no banco de dados da Embrapa em 2013. Foram identificadas as areas que possuem restricao a expansao urbana, segundo a lei no 12.651/2012, e as areas apropriadas ao espraiamento urbano, que corresponde a 52,31% da area territorial total do municipio de Inconfidentes – MG. Embora o municipio possua uma vasta area mais apropriada a expansao de acordo com a legislacao, deve-se atentar as questoes de ordem logistica e de infraestrutura, para que o planejamento urbano seja eficiente e eficaz em todo o seu ciclo. ABSTRACT Before a national scenario that points to the urban expansion of medium and small cities, urban planning is necessary in order to create strategies for the growth of cities in a sustainable manner. Municipalities must turn to a quality planning and guaranteeing satisfaction to its inhabitants, since these federal entities must meet in order to complete its social function. In this sense, this work aims the use of GIS as a complementary tool in the urban planning process to submit a proposal for urban expansion for the city of Inconfidentes - MG. The survey was done through ArcGIS 9.3 software, using the topographic map of Ouro Fino - MG and Borda da Mata – MG, 1972 and Google Earth Pro high resolution image (Res.4800x2834) acquired on September 23, 2013. Data on slope and contours were extracted from the SRTM image (Sheet SF-YB-23) acquired in Embrapas database in 2013. We identified areas that have restrictions on urban expansion, according to the law 12,651/2012, and the areas allocated to urban sprawl, which corresponds to 52.31% of the total land area of the municipality of Inconfidentes - MG. Although the city has a wide area more appropriate to the expansion in accordance with the legislation, attention should be paid to logistical issues and infrastructure, so that urban planning is efficient and effective throughout its cycle. Keywords: Soil use and occupation, permanent preservation area (APP), urban expansion, city statute, master plan.

Geoprocessamento Aplicado ao Levantamento de Solos no Município de Inconfidentes-MG (GIS Applied to the Soil Survey in the City of Inconfidentes-MG)

A identificacao e mapeamento dos solos servem como subsidio para planejamentos agricolas, levantamentos do uso da terra, estudos de terras para irrigacao, estudos de preservacao, analise e recuperacao ambientais, predicao de desastres naturais como o monitoramento de processos erosivos, dentre outros. Nesse sentido, os levantamentos e avaliacoes de solo, para fins agricolas ou nao, ganham importância, pois atraves deles e possivel conhecer as propriedades desse recurso natural, permitindo sua utilizacao de forma consciente e adequada. O uso de sistemas de informacoes geograficas tem introduzido novos metodos para o levantamento e mapeamento de solos, por meio de modelagens, a partir da utilizacao de mapas tematicos basicos e modelos numericos de terreno ou modelos digitais de elevacao, que possibilitam, principalmente, a compreensao das relacoes entre a paisagem e as classes de solo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a realizacao do levantamento e mapeamento dos solos do municipio de Inconfidentes - MG, utilizando tecnicas de geoprocessamento, e a classificacao pedologica ate o quarto nivel categorico atraves da generalizacao, a partir da descricao morfologica e determinacoes analiticas de perfis de solos representativos. Foi realizada a caracterizacao da area de estudos, a aquisicao e tratamento de dados cartograficos. A descricao morfologica dos perfis foi realizada em pontos previamente definidos, representativos das distintas classes de solo do municipio. As analises fisico-quimicas foram realizadas em todas as amostras dos horizontes dos perfis de solos coletados em campo. A generalizacao do levantamento de solos foi elaborada atraves do processamento dos dados cartograficos e obtidos em campo, com a utilizacao do software ArGIS 9.3. O mapeamento pedologico do municipio foi entao o resultado da integracao e correlacao dos dados altimetricos, da declividade, da rede de drenagem, do canal fluvial, do relevo e da litologia, associados com a caracterizacao feita em campo e as determinacoes analiticas. Como resultado, foi possivel mapear as areas de ocorrencia de Latossolos, Gleissolos e Cambissolos, as tres ordens de solos mais representativos do municipio, classificando-os ate o quarto nivel categorico. O uso das ferramentas de geotecnologia se mostrou muito util para a caracterizacao das classes pedologicas e posterior generalizacao, uma vez que atraves delas foi possivel inferir as condicoes ambientais de formacao dos solos e integra-los com dados de campo e analises laboratoriais. ABSTRACT The identification and mapping of soils serve as subsidy for agricultural planning, land use surveys, land studies for irrigation, preservation studies, environmental analysis and recovery, prediction of natural disasters such as monitoring erosion, among others. In this sense, soil surveys and assessments, for agricultural purposes or not, become important because through them you can know the properties of this natural resource, allowing its use consciously and appropriately. The use of geographic information systems has introduced new methods to survey and soil mapping, through modeling, from the use of basic thematic maps and numerical terrain models and digital elevation models, which enable, especially, understanding the relationship between the landscape and the soil classes. The objective of this work was the completion of the survey and mapping of soils of city of Inconfidentes - MG, using geoprocessing techniques, and the pedological classification until the fourth categorical level by generalising from the morphological description and analytical profiles determinations representative soil. It was carried out to characterize their field of study, the acquisition and processing of cartographic data. The morphological description of the profiles was held in fixed locations, representative of the different soil classes of the municipality. The physicochemical analyzes were performed on all samples from the horizons of soil profiles collected in the field. Widespread soil survey was prepared by processing the cartographic data obtained in the field and, with the use of ArGIS 9.3 software. The pedological mapping of the municipality was then the result of the integration and correlation of altimetry data, the slope, the drainage network, the river channel, relief and lithology associated with the characterization made in the field and the analytical determinations. As a result, it was possible to map the areas of occurrence of Ferrasols, Cambisols and Gleysols, the three most representative soils of the municipality orders, sorting them until the fourth categorical level. The use of geotechnology tools proved very useful for the characterization of soil classes and subsequent generalization, since through them it was possible to infer the environmental conditions of soil formation and integrate them with field data and laboratory analysis. Keywords: Cambisols, Gleysols, Ferrasols, classification, hillslope.