Marcos Doniseti Michelotto

Avaliação de espécies silvestres e cultivares de amendoim para resistência a Enneothrips flavens Moulton

In Brazil, various pests are reported to infest peanut crop, being the thrips Enneothrips flavens the most important. Accesses of wild peanut species, anfidiploide and peanut cultivars were evaluated in field conditions at Pindorama, Sao Paulo State, at the agricultural year of 2007/2008. The experiment consisted of a complete ramdomized block design with 48 treatments and five replications. The material was sown in small bags under greenhouse conditions. Plantings were carried out in October/November 2007. Starting at 30 days after planting in the field, evaluations were done at 15-day intervals, in five closed leaves of each plant. The following data were obtained: presence or absence of thrips in each leaf; symptoms of thrips damage in recently opened leaves, based on a 1-5 scale where 1 = without damage, 2 = 1 to 25% of the leaf surface with damage (grooves and deformations), 3 = 26 to 50%, 4 = 51 to 75% and 5 = 76 to 100% of damage symptoms. The accesses with the least damages and insect presence were: VS 14957 (A. gregoryi), V13832 (A. stenosperma), V8979 (A. kuhlmannii), V9912 (A. kuhlmannii), V7639 (A. kuhlmannii) e VMiIrLbGv14309 (A. villosa). The most sensitive accesses were V12549 (A. hypogaea), Ac2562 (A. hypogaea) and the commercial A. hypogaea genotypes IAC Caiapo and IAC Runner 886.

Qualidade de mangas cultivadas no Estado de São Paulo

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most consumed fruits in the world. The choice of variety for cultivation should be related with preferences of the consuming market, that include fruits with larger pulp percentage and larger tenor of total soluble solids, properties of great importance for industrial processing and for internal and external markets. The overall quality of fruits from 39 mango varieties (Adams, Alda, Brasil, Cacipura, Carabao, Carrie, Castro, Edward, Eldon, Familia, Foice, Haden, Haden 2H, Haden TR, IAC 10 Bourbon, Itamarati, Joe Welch, Julima, Lima Peru, M20-222 Winter, Mabrooca, Neves, Palmer, Pele de Moca, Petacon, Pope, Regina, Rocha, Rosa, Rubi, Sensation, Smith, Surpresa, Torbet, Torrinha, Uba, Wesley, White Langra and Zill) from the collection of Polo Apta Centro-Norte, located at Pindorama, Sao Paulo State, was appraised, with the objective of gathering information regarding fruits produced in this area. Twenty fruits of each variety were picked ripe traits such as fresh weight, weight of the peel, weight of the pit, pulp, peel and pit percentages, tenor of total soluble solids (SST) and infestation for fruit-flyes were evaluated. A design in randomized blocks was used for the analysis of the data of pulp percentage and SST. Averages were compared by the Tukey test of 5% of probability. Based on results, it can be concluded that the variety Smith stands out for exhibiting fruits with larger total weight (694 g), larger pulp percentage (85,7%), smaller pit percentage (6,3%) and larger tenor of SST (24,9o Brix), adequate for industrial processing and for internal and external markets.

Efeito da época de inoculação do vírus do mosaico das nervuras por Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) no desenvolvimento e na produção do algodoeiro

Aphis gossypii Glover is the vector of the Cotton Vein Mosaic Virus (CVMV), which causes serious damages to cotton. This work was carried out in a greenhouse at UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of inoculation date of the CVMV on growth and yield of cotton plants. Cotton plants of cultivar CNPA ITA 90 at 20, 27, 34, 41, 48 and 55 days after the emergency (DAE) received one wingless viruliferous adult of A. gossypii, which remained confined in the plants for 48h. The percentage of plants with the symptoms of the disease and its influence in the phenological aspects of cotton plant were evaluated. The age of the plants did not influence the transmission efficiency of CVMV by A. gossypii. Percentages of plants showing disease symptoms varied from 40% to 65% when inoculated at 20 and 48 DAE, respectively. Plant height was reduced in 54.5% when they were infected 20 DAE and 1.3% when infection occurred at 55 DAE, as compared to the control. The number and diameter of the bolls were also influenced by the age the plants were infected. Plants inoculated 20 DAE did not produce cotton. Plants inoculated 55 DAE produced 20.7 g of cotton/plant, significantly less than control plants (35.9 g/plant). The severity of the symptoms was directly associated to the age the plants were infected with CVMV.

OCORRÊNCIA DE Poekilloptera phalaenoides EM ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS NATIVAS EM PINDORAMA, SÃO PAULO

Adultos e ninfas de Poekilloptera phalaenoides (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Flatidae) foram observados em plantas de Cassia grandis L.f. e adultos em Senna macranthera (Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby ambas especies da familia Fabaceae ou Leguminosae, subfamilia Caesalpinioideae, em Pindorama, Sao Paulo, em setembro de 2012. Este e o primeiro registro deste inseto para o municipio de Pindorama e em plantas de C. grandis e S. macranthera.

Biologia de aphis gossypii em plantas infectadas pelo vírus do mosaico das nervuras do algodoeiro

BIOLOGY OF COTTON APHID ON PLANTS INFECTED BY COTTON VEIN MOSAIC VIRUS The objective of this work was to study the biology of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) healthy and infected by cotton vein mosaic virus. The assay was performed in climatic chambers at 25±1 o C, under relative humidity of 70±10% and photophase of 12h. The treatments corresponded to aphids fed on leaves of healthy and infected by virus plants. Cages consisted of Petri dishes containing agar-water (1%) solidified and one leaf disc from either healthy or infected plants. Aphids fed on infected cotton plant had a significantly shorter nymphal phase (4.5 days) than aphids fed on noninfected cotton plant (4.9 days). No significant differences were observed in A. gossypii prereproductive, reproductive and postreproductive periods and longevity when fed on infected or noninfected plants. The highest mortality rate of aphids occurred on infected plants. The time interval between generations (T) and the time needed for the population to double in size (TD) were lower for aphids feeding on infected plants (9.74 and 1.66 days, respectively). The net reproductive rate (Ro), the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were higher for aphids feeding on infected plants. Aphids that fed on noninfected cotton plants showed better indices of development. In the reproduction of aphids the best indices were observed in aphids kept in infected plants.

Resistance to thrips (Enneothrips flavens) in wild and amphidiploid Arachis species

Thrips (Enneothrips flavens) is a pest that causes severe damage and yield losses to peanut crop if not properly controlled. The main control method currently used by farmers is bi-weekly application of insecticides during crop development, which, in addition to its toxicity, is very costly. Thus, new sources of resistance must be identified in order to reduce the use of insecticides and effectively manage the pest. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and symptoms of E. flavens infestations in 12 accessions of 10 wild species of Arachis and nine amphidiploids, as well as to compare their morphoagronomic characteristics to those of commercial cultivars. To this end, we conducted experiments during two summer seasons, using a randomized block design with four replications. We conducted evaluations of the severity of infestation, noting visual symptoms of E. flavens and morphological and reproductive characteristics of the Arachis plants. Results indicated that wild accessions V 7635 (A. vallsii), V 13250 (A. kempff-mercadoi), K 9484 (A. batizocoi), Wi 1118 (A. williamsii), V 14167 (A. duranensis) and V 13751 (A. magna) are the most promising for obtaining useful new amphidiploids. Among the amphidiploids, An 12 (A. batizocoi x A. kempff-mercadoi)4x, An 9 (A. gregoryi x A. stenosperma) 4x, and An 8 (A. magna x A. cardenasii)4x showed high level of resistance to E. flavens. The identified thrips resistant wild and amphidiploid Arachis species may be used in future breeding program to produce thrips resistant peanut cultivars.

Efficacy of transgenic mayze insecticide treatment to control fall armyworm in late-season maize in Sao Paulo state, Brazil

ABSTRACT Several genetically modified maize events expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt ) have been commercially available in Brazil, intended to control of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of transgenic ( and conventional (non- Bt ) Bt ) hybrids in the control of fall armyworm, treated or not with insecticides through-out three late growing seasons. To this end, trials were conducted at three locations in the state of Sao Paulo, in a randomized complete block design, in factorial arrangements with 5x4, 5x4 and 8x4 factors, respectively. The first factor consisted of the number of commercial hybrids of different companies. The second factor was represented by the different control managements of insect (non- Bt hybrid with and without insecticide; Bt hybrid with and without insecticide). The damage caused by fall armyworm was evaluated on a visual 1-9 scale, from score 0 (no damage) to 9 (totally destroyed whorl), and grain yield (kg ha