Marcos José de Oliveira Fonseca

Influence of Marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart.) Pulp Intake on the Modulation of Mutagenic/Antimutagenic Processes and Its Action on Oxidative Stress In Vivo

Brazilian savanna constitutes a valuable ecoregion that contributes to the supply of fruit known worldwide for its nutritional value and peculiar flavors. Among them, the Marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart.) fruit is known for its use in folk medicine. In order to establish the safety of Marolo for human consumption, this study evaluated the following: the chemical composition of Marolo pulp; its mutagenic and antimutagenic activities using micronucleus test; and the oxidative stress induced in the livers of mice fed a diet containing 1%, 10% or 20% pulp. It was observed that the chemical composition of marolo pulp was similar to that of common fruit; nevertheless, its lipidic content and energetic values were higher. In the mice fed experimental diets, the biochemical parameters of the blood serum showed normal levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The micronucleus test indicated neither mutagenic nor antimutagenic effects of Marolo consumption on bone marrow cells but showed potentialization of cyclophosphamide (CP). The oxidative stress levels observed indicated that CP was not exerting a great influence on the induction of reactive oxygen species. As the whole fruit is a complex matrix, the interactions between its components could be responsible for its negative and positive biological effects.

Effect of extrusion-cooking in total carotenoids content in cream and orange flesh sweet potato cultivars

ABSTRACT Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ) is a food crop that suppliesenergy, minerals and vitamins C and B. Some cultivars are very richin carotenoids (pro-vitamin A). In this study were evaluated andcompared the total carotenoids content of two cultivars and the losseson the dehydrated extruded sweet potato flour. Samples from organicand conventional crops were analyzed, in the form of fresh anddehydrated extruded samples. Total carotenoids content of the freshproduct, expressed on wet basis, was of 437 μg 100 g -1 for the creamcultivar and 10,12 μg 100 g -1 for the orange cultivar. Afterdehydration, losses of total carotenoids were of 41% and 38%,respectively. The fresh orange cultivar presented high totalcarotenoids content in comparison to the cream cultivar. The extrudedorange sweet potato flour showed the lowest losses in totalcarotenoids. Therefore, the processed flour of orange sweet potatocould be used to obtain pre-gelatinized extruded flour with high totalcarotenoids content.

Diferenças entre bananas de cultivares Prata e Nanicão ao longo do amadurecimento: características físico-químicas e compostos voláteis

Fresh green bananas [Nanicao (Musa sp., subgroup Cavendish) and Prata (Musa sp., subgroup Prata)] were studied during their ripening. Physical (firmness), physicochemical (pH, total titrable acidity and soluble solids) and chemical properties (sugars, phenolics and volatile compounds) were analyzed and showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Prata presented higher values of phenolic compounds, soluble solids, sugars and firmness than Nanicao. A method to quantify the emission of esters was developed by cryogenic headspace and gas chromatography. Acetates, butyrates, isobutyrates and isovalerates were predominant. Prata produced a higher volatile concentration than Nanicao, except for acetates. In most cases, the amount of volatiles increased continuously until peel browning, followed by a decrease or a plateau.

Caqui cv. 'Mikado': análise de compostos voláteis em frutos adstringentes e destanizados

The objective of this study was to determine the volatile compounds in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) Mikado variety, astringent and astringency removal in two periods of storage, using solid phase microextraction (SPME, fiber DVB/CAR/PDMS) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed differences in the volatile composition of astringent and astringency removal, with losses in both analyses. The removal of astringency with alcohol exposure increased the volatiles on day 1 after astringency removal. The volatiles from persimmon Mikado are mainly represented by terpene hydrocarbons, followed by straight-chain esters.

Emissão de etileno e de CO2 em mamão 'Sunrise Solo' e 'Golden'

Papaya fruits of Sunrise Solo and Golden cultivars were stored at 10oC and 25oC. They were daily evaluated on C2H4 and CO2 production rates, by observing the peel color index increasing. The non increasing of the peel color index, during the 20 days of stored, was influenced by the appropriate refrigeration temperature whose inhibit papayas metabolism. It was noticed in the fourth and between the eighth and ninth day an increasing on respiration and ethylene rates, in the fruits stored at 25oC. The refrigeration decreased the respiration rate and papayas ethylene production, showing a metabolism reduction allowing fruits to present unripe appearance, even after 20 days of storage.

Padrão de ocorrência de doenças em mamão armazenado sob atmosfera controlada

ABSTRACT - The goal of this study was to evaluate the evolution of postharvest diseases on papaya storaged under controlled atmosphere, with3,0% of O 2 and 3,0 % or 6,0% of CO 2 , in relation to environment atmosphere (21,0% of O 2 e 0,00365% of CO 2 ), in simulation of refrigerated (10 o C)maritime transport and commercialization in European market, of ‘Sunrise Solo’ and ‘Golden’ papayas. The controlled atmosphere containg 3% of O 2 and 6% of CO 2 , promoted more fruit losses due the increase of postharvest diseases: anthracnosis, chocolat spot, stem-end-rot and, mainly, blackspot, on both cultivars. Probably, the increase of of CO 2 concentration, promoted injury in superficial cells, infection and tissue colonization . Index terms: Carica papaya L., Collethotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., controlled atmosphere, postharvest preservation, Asperisporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl. COMUNICACAO CIENTIFICA Com a adocao de sistemas de producao que minimizem aocorrencia de doencas em pos-colheita, e viavel exportar mamao, viamaritima, sob refrigeracao, uso de cera e atmosfera ambiente, para osfrutos produzidos na epoca mais seca e de temperaturas mais amenas doano, na regiao de Linhares-ES. O problema reside em se transferir omesmo pacote tecnologico para a exportacao de mamao produzido nosmeses mais quentes e umidos do ano. O uso de atmosfera controlada euma tecnologia disponivel para a resolucao do problema de contencaodo amadurecimento e reducao da ocorrencia de doencas pos-colheitaem mamao. Segundo Liberato & Tatagiba (2001), as principais doencaspos-colheita do mamao, Antracnose (

USO DE ATMOSFERA CONTROLADA PARA CONSERVAÇÃO PÓS-COLHEITA DO MAMÃO 'GOLDEN' 1

RESUMO - Frutos de mamoeiro ‘Golden’ colhidos no estadio 3 de maturacao foram armazenados sob controle de atmosfera (3%O 2 e 3%CO 2 , 3%O 2 e 6%CO 2 ou 8%CO 2 , 5%O 2 e 8%CO 2 ) e sob atmosfera ambiente (70% ou 90% U.R.), por 20 ou 25 dias, seguidos de mais 5 dias em atmosfera ambiente, a 10 o C. Apos 4 dias a 22 o C nao se verificaram muitas diferencas entre tratamentos, porem o maior teor de solidos soluveis em frutos armazenados sob 3%O 2 /3%CO 2 , e os maiores indices de maturidade nos frutos armazenados sob 3%O 2 /6%CO 2, por 20 dias, sugerem que novos estudos possam ser realizados adotando-se tais concentracoes. Termos para indexacao: Carica papaya L., atmosfera controlada, pos-colheita, exportacao. THE USE OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE FOR POSTHARVEST CONSERVATION OF ‘GOLDEN’ PAPAYA

Conservação pós-colheita de espigas de milho verde minimamente processado sob diferentes temperaturas

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de tres temperaturas (5oC, 8oC e 11oC), na qualidade de hibridos de milho verde (Zea maiz L.) com endosperma normal, minimamente processado, durante oito dias de armazenamento, com avaliacoes a cada dois dias. Foram utilizadas espigas de dois hibridos, sendo um comercial da Sementes Agroceres (Ag 1051) e outro do programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo (Embrapa HT1). A temperatura de 5oC foi a que melhor preservou a qualidade das espigas dos hibridos de milho verde estudados, por proporcionar perda de massa reduzida e manutencao dos teores de solidos soluveis, frutose e glicose. O hibrido Ag 1051 apresentou menor perda de massa, maiores valores de umidade e maior teor de frutose. O Embrapa HT1 apresentou maiores valores iniciais e finais para os teores de solidos soluveis e maior valor para a coloracao b*. O valor L*, que indica quaoclaro e escuro e produto, tambem diminuiu ao longo do armazenamento, indicando escurecimento das espigas ao longo do armazenamento.

Crescimento in vitro de fungos (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Cladosporium cladosporioides) isolados de frutos do mamoeiro, sob atmosfera controlada e refrigeração

ABSTRACT - The use of these combined technologies in tropical fruits does not present satisfactory results yet, most of the time because o fthe fruits injury by chilling. This injury could be intensified under atmospheric control conditions. There are evidences that the controlledatmosphere has fungistatic effect. Therefore, the objective of this work was verifying , in vitro , the influence of controlled atmosphere andtemperature on the two pathogenic fungi from papaya fruit: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Cladosporium cladosporioides . Thesefungi had been storage under two temperatures, atmospheres and period of incubation patterns (10oC and 25oC; ambient and contro lled - 3%O 2 and 6% CO 2 ; 7 or 14 days. After this period of storage, the contaminated plates had been incubated at 25oC under environment atmospherefor seven days more. It was verified a small growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides under refrigeration, also after additional period at 25oC.At 25 o C, the growth of this fungus was also reduced when stored under controlled atmosphere. On the other hand, it was not verifiedsignificant inhibitor effect of the controlled atmosphere at 10oC on the growth of

Efeito do 1-metilciclopropeno sobre a emissão dos ésteres voláteis de bananas ao longo do amadurecimento

Fresh green bananas (Musa sp., subgroup Prata) were treated with a dose of only 90 ηg g-1 of 1-MCP for 13 hours and the evolution of the volatile compounds along the ripeness was studied. A method to quantify the emission of esters was developed by cryogenic headspace and gas chromatography. Esters of acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate were found as major compounds. The application of the 1-MCP for 13 hours delayed the appearance of the coloration 8 of the peel for 3 days and decreased quantitatively in about 46% the total production of esters in the banana until the 15° day of harvested.