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Dive into the research topics where Marcos R. Bornschein is active.

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Featured researches published by Marcos R. Bornschein.


PeerJ | 2016

Geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest

Marcos R. Bornschein; Carina R. Firkowski; Ricardo Belmonte-Lopes; Leandro Corrêa; Luiz F. Ribeiro; Sérgio Augusto Abrahão Morato; L Reuber Antoniazzi-Jr.; Bianca L. Reinert; Andreas L. S. Meyer; Felipe A. Cini; Marcio R. Pie

Mountains of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest can act as islands of cold and wet climate, leading to the isolation and speciation of species with low dispersal capacity, such as the toadlet species of the genus Brachycephalus. This genus is composed primarily by diurnal species, with miniaturized body sizes (<2.5 cm), inhabiting microhabitats in the leaf litter of montane forests. Still, little is known about the geographical distribution, altitudinal range, and ecological limits of most Brachycephalus species. In this study, we review the available data on the geographical and altitudinal distribution of Brachycephalus based on occurrence records compiled from literature and museums, both for the genus as a whole and separately for the three recently proposed groups of species (ephippium, didactylus, and pernix). The final ensemble dataset comprised 333 records, 120 localities, 28 described species, and six undescribed ones. Species were recorded in six relief units, the richest of which being the Serra do Mar, with 30 species. When the Serra do Mar is subdivided into three subunits, Northern, Central and Southern Serra do Mar, the number of species increase from north to the south, with records of six, nine, and 16 species, respectively. We were able to estimate the extent of occurrence of nearly half of the described species, and the resulting estimates indicate that many of them show remarkably small ranges, some of which less than 50 ha. Brachycephalus species are present from sea level to roughly 1,900 m a.s.l., with the highest richness being found between 751 and 1,000 m a.s.l. (21 spp.). The species with the broadest altitudinal range were B. didactylus (1,075 m) and Brachycephalus sp. 1 (1,035 m), both in the didactylus group, and B. ephippium (1,050 m), of the ephippium group. The broadest altitudinal amplitude for species of the pernix group was recorded for B. brunneus (535 m). The lowest altitudinal records for the pernix group were at 845 m a.s.l. in the state of Paraná and at 455 m a.s.l. in the state of Santa Catarina. The altitudinal occurrence in the pernixspecies group seems to decrease southward. Syntopy between species is also reviewed.


PeerJ | 2016

A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

Marcos R. Bornschein; Luiz F. Ribeiro; David C. Blackburn; Edward L. Stanley; Marcio R. Pie

A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) is described from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Nine specimens (eight adults and a juvenile) were collected from the leaf litter of montane forests 790–835 m above sea level (a.s.l.). The new species is a member of the pernix group by its bufoniform shape and the absence of dermal co-ossification and is distinguished from all its congeners by a combination of its general coloration (dorsal region of head, dorsum, legs, arms, and flanks light, brownish green to dark, olive green, with darker region in the middle of the dorsum and a white line along the vertebral column in most specimens) and by its smooth dorsum. The geographical distribution of the new species is highly reduced (extent of occurrence estimated as 25.04 ha, or possibly 34.37 ha). In addition, its habitat has experienced some level of degradation, raising concerns about the future conservation of the species. Preliminary density estimates suggest one calling individual every 3–4 m2 at 815–835 m a.s.l. and every 100 m2 at 790 m a.s.l. Together with the recently described B. boticario and B. fuscolineatus, the new species is among the southernmost species of Brachycephalus known to date.


PeerJ | 2017

Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Paraná, southern Brazil

Luiz F. Ribeiro; David C. Blackburn; Edward L. Stanley; Marcio R. Pie; Marcos R. Bornschein

We describe two new species of miniaturized toadlet in the B. pernix group of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. The first new species is distinguished from all congeners by the pale red coloration from the head to the pelvic region, with sides of the body and thighs dorsally yellowish green. It is known only from the type locality in a cloud forest at altitudes ranging between 1,144–1,228 m a.s.l. The second species, although more closely related to B. izecksohni, is morphologically similar to B. brunneus in its overall brown coloration, but distinct from that species in the color of the iris (black with conspicuous golden spots, instead of entirely black). It was found on three mountains, at altitudes between 1,095–1,320 m a.s.l., and in vegetation types including cloud forest, montane forest, and secondary forest. The two new species exhibit neither vertebral fusions nor osteoderms, but one has both a distinct neopalatine and well-developed odontoids on the maxillae. We discuss the conservation status of both species.


bioRxiv | 2017

Phylogenomic Species Delimitation In Microendemic Frogs Of The Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Marcio R. Pie; Marcos R. Bornschein; Luiz F. Ribeiro; Brant C. Faircloth; John E. McCormack

The advent of next-generation sequencing allows researchers to use large-scale datasets for species delimitation analyses, yet one can envision an inflection point where the added accuracy of including more loci does not offset the increased computational burden. One alternative to including all loci could be to prioritize the analysis of loci for which there is an expectation of high informativeness, such as those with higher numbers of parsimony-informative sites. Here, we explore the issue of species delimitation and locus selection with species from two anuran genera: Melanophryniscus (Bufonidae) and Brachycephalus (Brachycephalidae). Montane species in these genera have been isolated in sky islands across the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which led to the formation of a number of microendemic species. To delimit species, we obtained genetic data using target enrichment of ultraconserved elements from 32 populations (13 for Melanophryniscus and 19 for Brachycephalus), and we were able to create datasets that included over 800 loci with no missing data. We ranked loci according to their corresponding number of parsimony-informative sites, and we performed species delimitation analyses using BPP in each genus based on the top 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 loci. We also conducted several additional analyses using 10 randomly sampled datasets containing the same numbers of loci to discriminate the relative contribution of increasing the number of loci from prioritizing those with higher informativeness. We identified three types of node: nodes with either consistently high or low support regardless of the number of loci or their informativeness, and nodes that were initially poorly supported, but their support became stronger with more data. Adding more loci had a stronger impact on model support than prioritizing loci for their informativeness, but this effect was less apparent in datasets with more than 160 loci. When viewed across all sensitivity analyses, our results suggest that the current species richness in both genera might have been underestimated. In addition, our results provide useful guidelines to the use of different sampling strategies to carry out species delimitation with phylogenomic datasets.


The Auk | 2018

Taxonomic review of the rhinocryptid genus Eleoscytalopus (I): Bahia Tapaculo (E. psychopompus) is vocally and morphologically distinct from White-breasted Tapaculo (E. indigoticus)

Leonardo Amaral de Moraes; Marcos R. Bornschein; Cassiano Augusto Ferreira Rodrigues Gatto; Sidnei Sampaio dos Santos; Giovanni Nachtigall Maurício

ABSTRACT The Bahia Tapaculo (Eleoscytalopus psychopompus) is a rare taxon endemic to a narrow strip of lowland Atlantic Forest in the coast of Bahia, Brazil. Its phenotypic distinction from its sister species, the White-breasted Tapaculo (E. indigoticus), has been considered doubtful because the supposed diagnostic plumage characters were proposed on the basis of only 3 specimens (the type series) and there were no vocal data for the Bahia Tapaculo. Given that it is classified as endangered globally according to IUCN criteria, the definition of the taxonomic status of the Bahia Tapaculo is fundamental for the adoption of effective conservation measures. We conducted analyses of plumage, morphometrics, and vocalizations of both Bahia and White-breasted tapaculos to test for the phenotypic distinction between them. We found that their songs differ significantly in 2 parameters, pace (no overlap) and frequency (slight overlap); and that their calls (both monosyllabic and multisyllabic calls) differ in multiple parameters, including note shape and structure. Plumage color and pattern differ in 4 aspects, including a prominent one, barred vs. unbarred flanks. We found a difference in wing:tail ratio, with no overlap, revealing that these taxa are proportioned differently, with the Bahia Tapaculo tending to have longer wings and shorter tail. These differences, besides the genetic distance and reciprocal monophyly, are of the same or greater magnitude than those found between several sister taxa accepted as biological species in the family Rhinocryptidae, thus supporting biological species status for the Bahia Tapaculo.


PeerJ | 2018

A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil

Marcio R. Pie; Luiz F. Ribeiro; André E. Confetti; Mário J. Nadaline; Marcos R. Bornschein

A new miniaturized frog of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) is described from Morro Santo Anjo in the municipality of Massaranduba, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Specimens were collected from the leaf litter between 470 and 540 above sea level. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) body robust and bufoniform; (2) size snout-vent length 9.9–11.7 mm for males and 10.0–12.9 mm for females; (3) smooth dorsum; (4) general color (in life) orange with white dots and stripe in the middle of the head and along its vertebral column; (5) iris completely black; (6) advertisement call composed of note groups; (7) isolated notes with 1–3 pulses; and (8) short isolated notes (0.002–0.027 s). An estimate of the male density of the new species is also presented. Phylogenetic information indicates that the new species is part of the southernmost clade of Brachycephalus, which includes Brachycephalus fuscolineatus, B. albolineatus, and B. boticario. The severe anthropogenic impacts in and around the type locality indicate that immediate actions should be taken to ensure the long-term preservation of the new species.


bioRxiv | 2017

Phylogenomics of montane frogs of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest supports a scenario of isolation in sky islands followed by relative climatic stability

Marcio R. Pie; Brant C. Faircloth; Luiz F. Ribeiro; Marcos R. Bornschein; John E. McCormack

Despite encompassing a relatively small geographical area, montane regions harbor disproportionately high levels of species diversity and endemism. Yet, relatively little is known about the evolutionary mechanisms ultimately leading to montane diversity. In this study, we use target capture of ultraconserved elements to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and diversification patterns of Melanophryniscus (Bufonidae) and Brachycephalus (Brachycephalidae), two frog genera that occur in sky islands of the southern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Specifically, we test whether diversification of montane species in these genera can be explained by a single climatic shift leading to isolation in sky islands, followed by relative climatic stability that maintained populations in allopatry. In both genera, the topologies inferred using concatenation and coalescent-based methods were concordant and had strong nodal support, except for a few recent splits. These recent splits tended to be supported by more informative loci (those with higher average bootstrap support), suggesting that, while individual trees may be well resolved, the relationships they recover are being obscured by non-informative data. Divergence dating of a combined dataset using both genera is consistent with concordant timing of their diversification. These results support the scenario of diversification-by-isolation in sky islands, and suggest that allopatry due to climatic gradients in montane regions are an important mechanism for generating species diversity and endemism in these regions.


Zootaxa | 2017

On identification errors in Scytalopus speluncae (Ménétriés) and S. pachecoi Maurício from southern Brazil with new data on distribution and biogeography of these taxa (Aves: Rhinocryptidae)

Giovanni Nachtigall Maurício; Marcos R. Bornschein

The Brazilian tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae species-group has been the subject of intense taxonomic work in the past 18 years, with six new species being named in that time lapse and other taxonomic problems having been highlighted (Bornschein et al. 1998, 2007; Maurício 2005; Raposo et al. 2006, 2012; Mata et al. 2009; Whitney et al. 2010; Maurício et al. 2010, 2014; Pulido-Santacruz et al. 2016). One of the most persistent of these problems involves the oldest name in this group, S. speluncae (Ménétriès), and the taxa it may represent. Historically, this name has been applied to the dark gray populations (whose adult males have plain gray flanks) occurring along coastal mountains between Espírito Santo and São Paulo states in Brazil (Raposo et al. 2006; Maurício et al. 2010). Subsequently, dark gray populations from the Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, as well as paler gray birds with black-barred brown flanks from northeastern Argentina (Misiones Province) and adjacent southern Brazilian states were also subsumed under S. speluncae (Bornschein et al. 1998; Maurício 2005; Maurício et al. 2010). However, the paler gray, barred populations from Argentina and some parts of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul have proved to be a distinct and partially sympatric species named S. pachecoi Maurício, which was shown to be not closely related to S. speluncae, but rather pertains to the very divergent clade of S. novacapitalis Sick and related forms (Maurício 2005; Mata et al. 2009). On the other hand, the dark-gray populations coming from Espírito Santo south to Rio Grande do Sul continued to be identified as S. speluncae.


Gene | 2017

Phylogenetic relationships of diurnal, phytotelm-breeding Melanophryniscus (Anura: Bufonidae) based on mitogenomic data

Marcio R. Pie; Patrícia R. Ströher; Ricardo Belmonte-Lopes; Marcos R. Bornschein; Luiz F. Ribeiro; Brant C. Faircloth; John E. McCormack

Melanophryniscus is a bufonid frog genus with a broad geographic distribution over southeastern South America. In recent years, several new species of Melanophryniscus have been discovered in southern Brazil showing a distinctive life-history strategy for the genus - breeding in phytotelmata - as well as a strong association with high-altitude regions. In this study, we use mitogenomic data to infer the phylogenetic relationships among diurnal, phytotelm-breeding Melanophryniscus and to determine the timing of their divergence. We obtained the mitochondrial genomes (not including the control region) for eight individuals of Melanophryniscus representing all three described species (M. alipioi, M. milanoi, and M. xanthostomus), as well as some recently-discovered and potentially new species. Gene order was conserved in all species and corresponded to the general order found in bufonids. Although the phylogenetic relationships among the studied species was poorly supported, dating confirmed that they diverged during the Pleistocene, suggesting that phytotelm breeding could have arisen during drier periods in the glacial/interglacial cycles due to a decrease in the availability of permanent streams or ephemeral/temporary streams or ponds in which Melanophryniscus species commonly breed.


PeerJ | 2018

Advertisement call of Brachycephalus albolineatus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

Marcos R. Bornschein; Luiz F. Ribeiro; Mario M. Rollo; André E. Confetti; Marcio R. Pie

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Luiz F. Ribeiro

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná

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Marcio R. Pie

Federal University of Paraná

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André E. Confetti

Federal University of Paraná

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Patrícia R. Ströher

Federal University of Paraná

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David C. Blackburn

Florida Museum of Natural History

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Edward L. Stanley

Florida Museum of Natural History

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