Marek Kułażyński

Properties and structure of spherical sorbents from waste ion exchange resin

Abstract The influence of carbonisation temperature on the properties and the structure of sorbents obtained from the waste ion exchange resin were investigated. The resin carbonisation process has been carried out in the temperature ranges of 500–850 °C using the heating rate of 5 K/min and soaking time 30 min. The char activation process has been performed at the temperature of 850 °C using CO 2 . In the activation process, spherical sorbents of high mechanical strength and high efficiency of the model sewage (toluene-contaminated water) treatment have been obtained. In the char pore structure, the ultramicropores were found to dominate. In the structure of activation products, ultra- and micropores prevailed. The best porous structure in the chars from waste resin was created at 600–700 °C.

The utilization of waste ion exchange resin in environmental protection

Abstract An examination of the effectiveness of the cleaning of model sewage water by means of chars obtained from a waste ion exchange resin and its activation products has been carried out. Water contaminated with diesel oil, toluene, phenol, p-chlorophenol, Congo red, as well as metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+) was used as model sewage. It is shown that active carbons obtained from waste ion exchange resin give excellent results in removing small-sized molecules such as toluene or diesel oil. They can also be used for removing copper ions and lead ions. These sorbents are not very active in cleaning water contaminated with phenol, p-chlorophenol, Congo red, nickel ions or cadmium ions.

Selective Catalytic Reduction NO by Ammonia Over Ceramic and Active Carbon Based Catalysts

The need for environmental protection is an indisputable objective. This is particularly important wherever environmental burden has become so high that the environment is no longer capable of self-purification. Such situation exists in our country. A major problem is the protection of the atmosphere. The main pollutants emitted into the atmosphere include carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), hydrocarbons (CH), and particulates. Share of individual sectors of the industry in the total emissions is not identical. It is demonstrated by Fig. 1.

The utilization of sorbents obtained from miscanthus using steam as the activation agent for wastewaters treatment

The utilization of sorbents obtained from miscanthus using steam as the activation agent for wastewaters treatment The possibility of obtaining sorbents with a good sorption capacity from miscanthus has been investigated. The chars and the activation products were obtained from the miscanthus in a rotary furnace. The activation process of miscanthus was carried out by water vapour at 700-800°C and at the activation time of 30-90 min. We found that the optimum conditions for the activation process were: the activation temperature of 750°C (activation time of 60 and 90 min) and 800°C (activation time of 45 or 60 min). For these conditions the sorbents with the best sorption capacity for p-chlorophenol, toluene, methylene blue and Congo red were obtained.

Application of combustible wastes for the alternative fuels production

Application of combustible wastes for the alternative fuels production The information on the quantity of various types of combustible wastes registered in the Lower Silesia Marshal Office over the 2003 - 2005 years (waste codes - 02, 03, 04, 07, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19 and 20) was collected and then the quantities of individual wastes from different sources were summarized depending on the waste sort i.e. waste paper (cellulose), plastics, timber, textiles and rubber. The physiochemical properties and the chemical composition of the impurities in the selected waste sorts were determined and discussed while taking into account their usefulness and the necessary treatment operations for the alternative fuels production.

Porous structure of multifunctional mineral - carbon and zeolite-carbon sorbents

Presented are the examinations of the multifunctional mineral-carbon and zeolite-carbon sorbents prepared from kaolinite with an admixture of carbonaceous materials: industrial waste deposits, municipal sewage sludge and cellulose. The mixture of raw materials was thermally and hydrothermally pretreated in order to facilitate their specific structure. The parameters of capillary structure (micro and mesopores) were determined. For examinations of porous structure the mercury porosimetry method was used. In order to evaluate the solid phase transformation during the each step of sorbent preparation the SEM observation with quantitative X-ray microanalysis were made.

Silica - Titania Support for HVOC's Combustion Catalysts

Preparation of support series for catalysts of combustion of halogenated volatile organic compounds (H-VOCs) was carried out. It was stated that all they allow preparing active catalysts however their main drawback is the lack of hardness against products of H-VOCs combustion e.g. hydrogen chloride and chlorine. Laboratory tests showed that titania and silica - titania supports were characterized by the highest hardness against chlorine derivatives. In comparison to the titania supports, low content (ca. 10 wt.%) silica-containing supports have better mechanical properties, i.e. mechanical strength and attrition resistance. In this paper the method of preparation, composition and physicochemical properties of silica - titania support are presented.

The Project of Automation of Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as an Additive for Diesel Fuel

As petroleum fuels are getting higher in price day after day. I is important to search for an alternative fuel as crude oil will not last forever specially in this high economical and industrial progress. In a parallel way engineers and scientists are searching for additives for the current known fuel until they find the best alternative fuel which has to fulfill the pollution and technical requirements. One of the solution is to implement the idea of downsizing engine fuelled with alternative biodiesel - in this case manufactured by the transestrification by using microwave heating. The process needs automation to keep control for manufacturing efficiency and quality of fuel properties. Authors show the automation layout and present equipment of test stand. There is short summary of combustion engine emission tests, too.

Catalysts for combustion of halogenated volatile organic compounds

Abstract The effect of the support and active phase composition on catalyst activity in the reaction of trichloroethylene combustion was investigated. It was stated that silica-titania based carrier is the most resistant against destruction by hydrogen chloride and chlorine evolved in the course of the reaction. Application of chromium exchanged Y zeolite gives very active however unstable catalyst. Chromium oxides-containing catalysts quickly loss activity due to vaporisation of chlorine derivative of chromium. The most active and stable appeared to be palladium catalyst supported on the silica-titania carrier.