Marek Rutkowski

ROAD BUILDING, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS IN THE KINGDOM OF POLAND IN LIGHT OF PUBLICLY ANNOUNCED GOVERNMENT REPORTS FROM 1843 TO 1859

The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of building, repairing and maintaining two types of main roads in the Kingdom of Poland, especially during the mid-19th century, when the overall process of expanding the local road transportation network started to considerably slow its pace. Publicly announced parts of official government reports have been taken into consideration in order to describe such endeavours by the Polish transportation authorities concerning first-class and secondary routes (generally paved with the usage of a standardized macadam system) during the period between 1843 and 1859.

Main legal recommendations for the road network and its maintenance in the Tsarist Russian Empire following the initial wars of Nicholas I.

The aim of this article is to present the main proposals of two Tsarist Russia transportation laws, introduced in the spring of 1833 and at the turn of 1834. Both laws were prepared by Count Dmitry Bludov, then Minister of the Interior, and finally accepted by Tsar Nicholas I himself. Their main goal was to properly develop the Russian transportation network, but not too rapidly and without consuming a considerable amount of State Treasury funds.

COMMENCEMENT OF A NEW ROAD NETWORK IN THE KINGDOM OF POLAND IN THE PERIOD 1816-1817

The main aim of this article is to introduce road repair and building programmes and procedures that took place in both the Kingdom of Poland, as a whole, and the Masovian Province, in particular. Starting with legal matters, this article describes the variety of combined activities on the part of the state government and local authorities undertaken between 1816 and 1817, which shaped the future development of Polish routes for many years to come.

WATER CANAL SYSTEM IN PROJECTS, ACTIVITIES AND REPORTS OF POLISH AUTHORITIES IN THE 1830S-1860S

The aim of this article is to present the endeavours undertaken in the 19th century by diverse governing bodies to build or (rebuild) and eventually improve the Polish water canal system. These activities concerned commissions from the Second Council of State, the Administrative Council, the Third Council of State and, inevitably, the Board of Land and Water Communications/Board of the 13th District of Communications, among others. In addition, some of the general state reports, especially those focusing on water transport issues, are analysed in this article. All of the researched matters deal with the following canals: Augustów, Windawa, Brudnów and Wisła-Narew.