Margarita Sokolovski

Fetal clavicle length throughout gestation: a nomogram

To create a nomogram of fetal clavicle length (CL) throughout gestation.

Nomograms of the axial fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference and area throughout gestation

The widely applied transcerebellar diameter (TCD) obtained at axial cranial imaging, measures the distance between the lateral aspects of the cerebellum and incorporates the width of the cerebellar vermis. Our objective was to create reference ranges of axial fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference (CHC) and area (CHA), independent of the cerebellar vermis, throughout gestation.

Diagnosis of Umbilical Cord Entanglement of Monoamniotic Twins by First-Trimester Color Doppler Imaging

Monoamniotic twins occur in approximately 5% of monochorionic twin gestations as a result of splitting of the inner cell mass at 8 or more days after fertilization, and they are associated with high perinatal mortality rates, ranging between 28% and 47%. These gestations have unique pathologic conditions, including conjoined twins, a high prevalence of discordancy for fetal structural anomalies (the former and possibly also the latter resulting from consequences of the twinning process), and cord entanglement. We present a case in which monoamniotic twins at first-trimester transvaginal sonography were confirmed by color Doppler imaging as having entangled umbilical cords.

Nomograms of sonographic measurements throughout gestation of the fetal hard palate width, length and area

To assess the feasibility of sonographic depiction of the fetal hard palate and secondarily to create nomograms throughout gestation of its sonographic width, length and area.

Prenatal sonographic findings of congenital adrenal cortical adenoma.

The differential diagnosis of prenatally diagnosed adrenal masses includes neuroblastoma, adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal and cortical renal cysts, adrenal adenoma and carcinoma, subdiaphragmatic pulmonary sequestration, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, duplication of the renal system, Wilms tumors, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, and mesenteric and enteric duplication cysts. The worldwide annual incidence of childhood adrenal cortical neoplasms ranges between 0.3 and 0.38 per 1 million children younger than 15 years. These neoplasms are even more unusual among infants, with only 23 cases reported in the literature.

Sonographic features associated with post-uterine artery embolization pyomyoma.

ilateral uterine artery embolization for symptomatic leiomyomata is an alternative to hysterectomy, providing good short-term relief of bulk-related symptoms and a reduction in menstrual flow.1 With increasing use of this therapeutic procedure, however, procedure-related complications have been reported. These include phenomena resulting from aberrant embolization (buttock and labial necrosis and vesicouterine fistula),2–5 in addition to prolapsed cervical myoma, uterine necrosis, ischemic uterine rupture, infectious sequelae including sepsis, volvulus, inadvertent embolization of a malignant leiomyosarcoma, and ovarian dysfunction.6–11 We present unusual sonographic features of post–uterine artery embolization pyomyoma.

Sonographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of an Isolated Vaginal Leiomyoma

Leiomyomas represent the most common uterine neoplasms, noted clinically in 20% to 30% of all women older than 30 years, and are found in 75% of hysterectomy specimens. 1 Although rare, the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the vagina is the leiomyoma. 2 The mean patient age at detection of a vaginal leiomyoma, is approximately 40 years, with a reported range between 19 and 72 years. 2 Vaginal leiomyomas vary from 0.5 to 15 cm in diameter, averaging approximately 3 cm in size, and may occur anywhere within the vagina, usually in a submucosal location. Although these rare lesions are often asymptomatic, larger tumors may be associated with pain, dystocia, dyspareunia, or obstructive urinary symptoms. We report the sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a patient with an isolated vaginal wall leiomyoma.

Is fetal cerebral vascular resistance affected by the presence of nuchal cord(s) in the third trimester of pregnancy

To assess whether fetal cerebral vascular resistance is affected by the presence of nuchal cord(s) in the third trimester.

Nomograms of the fetal neck circumference and area throughout gestation.

The purpose of this study was to create reference range nomograms of the axial fetal neck circumference (FNC) and fetal neck area (FNA) throughout gestation.

Acquired hematometra and hematotrachelos in an adolescent with dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Obstruction of the lower female genital tract leading to proximal dilatation and development of hematocolpos, hematotrachelos, and hematometra is most commonly a result of congenital abnormalities. 1-3 These conditions include an imperforate hymen, a complete transverse vaginal septum, and vaginal and, rarely, cervical atresia. 1-3 Acquired obstruction of the lower female genital tract is rare. Etiologies of such acquired lesions include iatrogenic trauma to the uterine cervix such as cone biopsies, loop electrosurgical procedures, dilation and curettage, obstetric lacerations, cervical or endometrial carcinoma, and radiation therapy. 4-8 Spontaneous obstruction is extremely rare yet has been reported recently. 9 We describe an unusual case in which sonographic findings of marked spontaneous hematometra and hematotrachelos were depicted in an adolescent with dysfunctional uterine bleeding.