Margery A. Neely

Two Adaptable, Valid, and Reliable Data-Collection Measures: Goal Attainment Scaling and the Semantic Differential

Finding an appropriate, statistically sound means of collecting data is an important step in developing research. Researchers in counseling psychology have recently been criticized for studies unrelated to actual practice. Goal attainment scaling and the semantic differential are presented as two flexible, reliable, and valid data-collection methodologies useful for practitioners. Procedural instructions and examples for constructing each instrument are provided. A short history of the two instruments is presented, along with a discussion of the specific type of research most appropriate for each methodology.

The Relationship of Performance On Six Scales of the Career Development Inventory To Sex, Father's Education, and Father's Occupation

Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that sex of grade 10 midwestern respondents was significantly related to correlated scores on the six Career Development Inventory Scales (dependent variables). Univariate analyses found that females did score higher on three scales than males did. Fathers education and fathers occupation as independent (classificatory) variables generated neither significant multivariate nor univariate F ratios.

Discriminant Validity of Career Development Inventory Scales in Grade 10 Students

An aspect of construct validity of the six scales of the Career Development Inventory was investigated with 312 tenth-grade students. The subscales were found to demonstrate adequate discriminant validity except for that among certain cognitive subscales.

Discriminant Validity of Career Maturity Inventory Scales in Grade 9 Students

An aspect of construct validity of the six scales of the Career Maturity Inventory was investigated with 127 ninth-grade students. The scales were found to be more highly intercorrelated than is desirable. Coupled with their modest reliabilities, this outcome was interpreted as a major limitation of the instrument.

A Study of the Concurrent Validity of the Career Maturity Inventory

The concurrent validity of the Career Maturity Inventory with two other instruments was investigated for a sample of ninth-grade boys and girls. Some tentative implications concerning construct validity were drawn.

Effects of Leadership Training during Wilderness Camping.

Although there is little in the literature related to leadership development of middle-class rural teens, camping and 4-H have received some attention. Pigg and Meyers (1980) reviewed 4-H studies of traditional and special-purpose camps that showed that leadership training changed visible behaviors. Effectiveness of clubs in changing behavior appeared slight, and effects of camps showed mixed results. 4-H teen leaders are identified through self-selection and local competition (elections). They typically have had several years in competitive and cooperative 4-H club work and are expected to enhance development of junior members. Club members range in age from 7 to 18 and are involved in both individual and group projects. Schultz (1980) found that leaders who emerged from taskoriented small groups tended to have communicative functions characterized as &dquo;goal-directed, direction-giving, summarizing and self-assured,&dquo; contrasted with nonemergents variously described as &dquo;quarrelsome&dquo; or &dquo;sensible.&dquo; Other studies indicate