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Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift | 2008

Histopathology of the endoscopic esophagogastric junction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Claudia Ringhofer; Johannes Lenglinger; Barbara Izay; Katharina Kolarik; Johannes Zacherl; Margit Eisler; Fritz Wrba; Parakrama Chandrasoma; Enrico P. Cosentini; Gerhard Prager; Martin Riegler

ZusammenfassungHINTERGRUND: Unklar ist, ob der Beginn der endoskopischen Magenfalten auch dem anatomischen ösphagogastralen Übergang entspricht. Wir haben Endoskopie und Histopathologie des ösophagogastralen Übergangs bei Patienten mit gastroösophagealer Refluxkrankheit (GERD) verglichen. METHODIK: Bei 102 Personen (60 Frauen) mit GERD wurden Endoskopie und multi Level Biopsien vom Beginn der Magenfalten (= level 0), 0,5, 1,0 cm distal und 0,5, ≥ 1 cm proximal davon durchgeführt. Zylinderepithel-Ösophagus (columnar lined esophagus = CLE) wurde entsprechend der Paull Chandrasoma Klassifikation, die Ösophagitis nach der Los Angeles Klassifikation befundet. Hiatus Hernie lag vor, wenn die Magenfalten ≥ 2 cm über dem Zwerchfell-Niveau begannen, die ösophagogastrische Klappe wurde entsprechend der Hill Klassifikation beurteilt. ERGEBNISSE: Alle Personen hatten CLE, maximal am Level 0 (97%), mit nach proximal und distal abnehmender Häufigkeit (81%, 28%, 40% and 18% bei Biopsielevel −0,5, −1,0, + 0,5, bzw. + 1,0 cm). Histopathologischer CLE (= Distanz zwischen CLE positiven Biopsie Levels) war länger als endoskopischer CLE (p < 0,001). Alle 19 Personen mit intestinaler Metaplasie (18,6%) wurden durch 4-Quadranten Biopsien vom Platten-Zylinderepithel Übergang und 0,5 cm distal davon identifiziert. Jene mit intestinaler Metaplasie waren älter, hatten häufiger eine Hernie, höheren Hill Grad und endoskopisch sichtbaren CLE (p < 0,05). Kein signifikanter Unterschied zeigte sich bezüglich Geschlecht, Ösophagitis und Länge von endoskopischen und histologischem CLE (p > 0,05). Dysplasie oder Karzinom lagen nicht vor. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Der Übergang Ösophagus – Magen kann endoskopisch nicht erhoben werden, dies gelingt durch Histopathologie von Biopsien. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, intestinale Metaplasie zu diagnostizieren, ist in Biopsien aus der Platten-, Zylinderepithelgrenze am höchsten.SummaryBACKGROUND: Discrepancy exists between the endoscopic (rugal folds) and the histopathologic (oxyntic mucosa) definition of proximal stomach. We compared endoscopy and histopathology of the esophagogastric junction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. METHODS: A total of 102 consecutive patients (60 women) with gastroesophageal reflux disease prospectively underwent endoscopy including multilevel biopsy sampling at the level of the rise of rugal folds (level 0), and also 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm distal and 0.5 cm and ≥ 1 cm proximal to this point. Columnar lined esophagus (CLE) was cataloged according to the histopathologic Paull-Chandrasoma classification and esophagitis according to the endoscopic Los Angeles classification. Hiatal hernia was diagnosed if the endoscopic rugal folds commenced ≥ 2 cm above the diaphragm; competency of the esophagogastric valve was graded according to the Hill classification. RESULTS: All patients had histopathologic CLE with maximal presence at level 0 (97%) and a decrease towards proximal and distal biopsy levels (level −0.5 cm, 81%; level −1.0, 28%; level + 0.5 cm, 40%; level + 1.0 cm, 18%). Histopathologic CLE (distance between CLE-positive biopsy levels) was longer than endoscopic CLE (P < 0.001). All 19 patients with intestinal metaplasia (18.6%) were identified from 4-quadrant biopsies obtained at the squamocolumnar junction and at 0.5 cm distal from it. Persons with intestinal metaplasia were significantly older, had increased frequency of endoscopic hiatal hernia, higher Hill grade and presence of endoscopic CLE (P < 0.05); no significant difference was observed regarding sex, endoscopic esophagitis or length of endoscopic and histopathologic CLE (P > 0.05). None of the patients had dysplasia or carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease the esophagogastric junction cannot be identified by endoscopy but requires histopathology of multilevel biopsies. The squamocolumnar junction harbors the highest yield of intestinal metaplasia.


Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift | 2007

Histopathology of columnar-lined esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Johannes Lenglinger; Claudia Ringhofer; Margit Eisler; Roland Sedivy; Fritz Wrba; Johannes Zacherl; Enrico P. Cosentini; Gerhard Prager; Michael Haefner; Martin Riegler

ZusammenfassungHINTERGRUND: Es herrscht Uneinigkeit darüber, ob ein endoskopisch normal erscheinender gastroösophagealer Übergang bei Patienten mit gastroösophagealer Refluxkrankheit biopsiert werden soll. Wir beschäftigten uns mit dieser Frage und setzten Videoendoskopie und Histopatholgie ein. METHODEN: Bei 114 aufeinander folgenden Patienten (58 männliche) mit Symptomen der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit wurde die Endoskopie inklusive Biopsien aus dem gastroösophagealen Übergang prospektiv dokumentiert. Das Vorliegen einer magenartigen Schleimhaut proximal des Anstiegs der Magenfalten wurde als endoskopisch sichtbares Zylinderepithelsegment definiert. Die Histopathologie wurde entsprechend der Paull-Chandrasoma Klassifikation durchgeführt. ERGEBNISSE: 85 Patienten (74,6%) hatten ein endoskopisch sichtbares Zylinderepithelsegment mit Längen von ≤0,5 cm (n = 82), 1 cm (n = 2) und 7 cm (n = 1). 29 Patienten (25,4%) hatten eine endoskopisch normal erscheinende Schleimhautgrenze. Histopathologisch hatten alle Patienten einen Zylinderepithel-Ösophagus. Eine intestinale Metaplasie und eine niedrig-gradige Dysplasie wurden bei 26 (22,8%) bzw. bei 5 (4,4%) identifiziert. Die Häufigkeit der intestinalen Metaplasie und der Dysplasie war zwischen endoskopisch sichtbarem Zylinderepithel-Ösophagus und normalem Übergang statistisch nicht signifikant unterschiedlich (p = 0,408 bzw. p = 0,775). Das Auftreten der intestinalen Metaplasie war unabhängig von einer Ösophagitis und einer Hiatushernie (p = 0,398 bzw. p = 0,405). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Ein Zylinderepithel-Ösophagus kann durch die Endoskopie nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Bei Patienten mit gastrosösophagealer Refluxkrankheit werden zum histopathologischen Ausschluss einer intestinalen Metaplasie und einer niedriggradigen Dysplasie Biopsien aus einem normal erscheinenden Schleimhautübergang empfohlen.SummaryBACKGROUND AND AIMS: The question of whether an endoscopically normal-appearing esophagogastric junction should be biopsied in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease is controversial. We have addressed this issue using endoscopy and histopathology. METHODS: A total of 114 consecutive patients (58 males) with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease prospectively underwent endoscopy, including biopsy sampling from the esophagogastric junction. Endoscopically visible columnar-lined esophagus was defined by the presence of gastric-type mucosa above the level of the rise of the gastric folds. Histopathology was conducted using the Paull-Chandrasoma classification. RESULTS: Of the 114 patients, 85 (74.6%) had endoscopically visible columnar-lined esophagus of length ≤0.5 cm (n = 82), 1 cm (n = 2) and 7 cm (n = 1); 29 patients (25.4%) had a normal endoscopic junction. All patients had histopathologic columnar-lined esophagus. Intestinal metaplasia and low-grade dysplasia was identified in 26 (22.8%) and 5 (4.4%) individuals, respectively, and was not statistically different in endoscopically normal vs. abnormal junction (P = 0.408 for intestinal metaplasia, P = 0.775 for low grade dysplasia). Intestinal metaplasia was independent from endoscopic esophagitis (P = 0.398) and hiatal hernia (P = 0.405). CONCLUSIONS: Columnar-lined esophagus cannot be excluded by endoscopy. In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, biopsy sampling of normal-appearing junction is recommended for histopathologic exclusion of intestinal metaplasia and low-grade dysplasia.


European Surgery-acta Chirurgica Austriaca | 2006

Video-endoscopy for evaluation of columnar lined esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Johannes Lenglinger; Margit Eisler; Claudia Ringhofer; R. Sedivy; Fritz Wrba; Johannes Zacherl; Enrico P. Cosentini; Gerhard Prager; Michael Haefner; Martin Riegler

ZusammenfassungGRUNDLAGEN: Angabe der Biopsielokalisation (Ösophagus vs. Magen) ist notwendig, um die histologische Diagnose von Reflux-assoziierten Veränderungen am Übergang Ösophagus/Magen zu erstellen. Wir haben den Wert der Videoendoskopie für die Diagnostik am ösophagogastralen Übergang untersucht. METHODIK: 29 konsekutive Patienten (m:w = 17:12) mit gastroösophagealer Refluxkrankheit (GERD) wurden prospektiv endoskopiert (EGD). EGD und Biopsien wurden digital aufgezeichnet und danach analysiert. Nach initialer histologischer Diagnose basierend auf dem ersten EGD-Befund erfolgte eine revidierte Diagnose basierend auf dem Befund nach EGD-Review. ERGEBNISSE: Bei 17 Patienten (59 %) stimmten revidierter und erster Befund überein (normale Junktion: n = 4; abnormale Junktion mit Zylinderepithelsegment im Ösophagus [CLE]: n = 13). Die Histologie zeigte Karditis (n = 3) und Cardia-intestinale Metaplasie (n = 1) in Patienten mit normaler Junktion; CLE (n = 8) und Ösophagusintestinale Metaplasie (EIM) (n = 5) bei abnormaler Junktion (CLE ≤ 0,5–7 cm). Bei 12 Patienten (41 %) mit CLE ≤ 0,5 cm unterschied sich die revidierte Diagnose von der Erstdiagnose (abnormale Junktion: n = 12). Die Histopathologie zeigte CLE (n = 9) und Ösophagus-intestinale Metaplasie (n = 3). Die Misinterpretation resultierte aus kurzer Dauer der Sequenzen mit unbeeinträchtigter Sicht zur EGJ (<0,001) und war unabhängig von der zirkulären Ausdehnung der CLE-Segmente (p = 0,160). EIM zeigte sich nur in cardiac, nicht aber in oxyntocardiac Mukosa. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Bei der EGD werden Zylinderepithelsegmente im Ösophagus ≤ 0,5 cm zwar biopsiert, aber dem falschen Organ zugeordnet (Magen vs. Ösophagus) und somit Vorläuferläsionen zum Barrett Ösophagus übersehen.SummaryBACKGROUND: Information on biopsy location (esophageal vs. stomach) is required for histopathologic diagnosis of reflux associated morphologic changes at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). We evaluated the impact of digital recording of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) on diagnosis of epithelial disorders of the EGJ. METHODS: 29 consecutive patients (male:female = 17:12) with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) prospectively underwent EGD. EGD including biopsy sampling from EGJ was digitally recorded and reviewed. Initial histopathology report based on the initial EGD-report was followed by a revised histopathology report based on a revised evaluation of endoscopy recording. RESULTS: In 17 patients (59%) revised evaluation was in agreement with initial diagnosis (normal junction: n = 4; abnormal junction with columnar lined esophagus [CLE]: n = 13). Histopathology showed carditis (n = 3) and cardia intestinal metaplasia (n = 1) in patients with normal junction; CLE (n = 8) and esophagus intestinal metaplasia (EIM) (n = 5) for abnormal junctions (CLE ≤ 0.5–7 cm). In 12 patients (41%) with CLE ≤ 0.5 cm revised evaluation differed from initial reports (abnormal junction: n = 12). Histopathology showed CLE (n = 9) and esophagus intestinal metaplasia (n = 3). Misinterpretation resulted from short duration of sequences with unimpaired vision of the EGJ (<0.001) and were unaffected by circumferential extent of CLE (p = 0.160). EIM was only present within cardiac, but not within oxyntocardiac mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: During EGD, CLE-segments ≤ 0.5 cm at the EGJ are biopsy sampled but incorrectly assigned (stomach vs. esophagus) and precursor lesions of Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma are missed. Our data indicate that review of digital EGD recording contributes towards improving accuracy and reproducibility of diagnosis of columnar lined esophagus.


Gastroenterology | 2009

S1913 Reflux Characteristics and Symptoms Off and On Proton Pump Inhibitor Medication: An Impedance-pH-Study in 50 Patients with Gastroesopheal Reflux Disease

Johannes Lenglinger; Elisabeth Hoeller; Margit Eisler; Heinz Wykypiel; Martin Riegler; Radu Tutuian

the symptom criteria specified (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.1-8.1), although most subjects with esophagitis (90.9%) did not meet symptom criteria for GERD. Subjects with esophagitis experiencedmore severe andmore frequent epigastric burning than subjects without esophagitis (p = 0.050), but no difference was seen for epigastric pain or typical GERD symptoms. Hiatus hernia was associated with the presence of GERD based on symptoms (OR: 25.1; 95% CI: 1.5-426.2) and with esophagitis (OR: 17.8; 95% CI 2.8-113.02). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 70.8%. No significant associations with H. pylori infection for either esophagitis or symptom-based GERD were found. Conclusions. The spectrum of symptoms and esophageal complications associated with GERD in Shanghai differs from that in Western countries. This has implications for future studies of the epidemiology of GERD in Asia.


World Journal of Surgery | 2007

Criteria to Prove the Oncopreventive Effect of Antireflux Surgery

Johannes Lenglinger; Margit Eisler; Martin Riegler

We read with interest the article by Lagergren et al. [1], titled ‘‘Is esophageal adenocarcinoma occurring late after antireflux surgery due to persistent postoperative reflux?’’ published in the December 2006 issue of World Journal of Surgery. The article represents another outstanding work from this group with a worldwide reputation in the field of esophageal disease-related epidemiology. In this population-based case-control study the authors found an increased rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma after ineffective versus effective antireflux surgery [1]. This article adds striking data in favor of an oncopreventive effect of antireflux surgery. In it, antireflux surgery was considered failed if patients required postoperative antireflux medication [1]. However, it is questionable whether ‘‘use of antireflux medication’’ adequately defines ineffective antireflux surgery. It is well accepted, that adenocarcinoma is reflux induced and develops within columnar lined esophagus [2, 3]. Therefore, it seems more reasonable to define the efficacy of an antireflux procedure by means of pH monitoring or combined esophageal impedance-pH monitoring [4]. Elimination of acid exposure and reflux activity would then be considered a criterion for defining an effective procedure. Furthermore, the impact of effective versus ineffective antireflux surgery on columnar lined esophagus can be assessed at the cellular level, using preoperative and postoperative multi-level biopsy sampling around the esophagogastric junction [5] and histopathology according to the Paull-Chandrasoma classification (i.e., impact on regression of intestinal metaplasia toward cardiac mucosa or oxyntocardiac mucosa) [3, 4]. In our view a combination of (impedance-)pH monitoring and histopathology would be the most accurate method to study the oncopreventive effect of effective antireflux surgery. The authors are kindly asked to comment on the issue.


Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology | 2006

Videoendoscopic and histopathologic assessment of columnar lined esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Martin Riegler; Claudia Ringhofer; Margit Eisler; Roland Sedivy; Fritz Wrba; Johannes Zacherl; Enrico P. Cosentini; Gerhard Prager; Michael Haefner; Johannes Lenglinger

Videoendoscopic and histopathologic assessment of columnar lined esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease Martin Riegler, Claudia Ringhofer, Margit Eisler, Roland Sedivy, Fritz Wrba, Johannes Zacherl, Enrico P. Cosentini, Gerhard Prager, Michael Haefner, and Johannes Lenglinger University Clinic of Surgery; University Clinic of Internal Medicine IV; and Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria


European Surgery-acta Chirurgica Austriaca | 2006

Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Johannes Lenglinger; Claudia Ringhofer; Margit Eisler; Elena Devyatko; Enrico P. Cosentini; Fritz Wrba; Johannes Zacherl; Martin Riegler


European Surgery-acta Chirurgica Austriaca | 2008

Update: histopathology-based definition of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus

Johannes Lenglinger; Margit Eisler; Fritz Wrba; Gerhard Prager; Johannes Zacherl; Martin Riegler


Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift | 2007

Videoendoscopy and histopathology of the esophagogastric junction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Claudia Ringhofer; Johannes Lenglinger; Margit Eisler; Fritz Wrba; Roland Sedivy; Johannes Zacherl; Enrico P. Cosentini; Gerhard Prager; Elena Devyatko; Martin Riegler


European Surgery-acta Chirurgica Austriaca | 2009

Barrett's esophagus: Size of the problem and diagnostic value of a novel histopathology classification

Johannes Lenglinger; Barbara Izay; Margit Eisler; Fritz Wrba; Johannes Zacherl; Gerhard Prager; F. M. Riegler

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Johannes Lenglinger

Medical University of Vienna

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Martin Riegler

Medical University of Vienna

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Johannes Zacherl

Medical University of Vienna

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Gerhard Prager

Medical University of Vienna

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Claudia Ringhofer

Medical University of Vienna

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Fritz Wrba

Medical University of Vienna

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Enrico P. Cosentini

Medical University of Vienna

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Barbara Izay

Medical University of Vienna

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Michael Haefner

Medical University of Vienna

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