Maria Ângela Naval Machado

Fresh-Frozen Bone Allografts in Maxillary Ridge Augmentation: Histologic Analysis

Bone allograft has become an alternative to autogenous bone due to its decreased operative trauma and the almost unlimited supply of reconstructive material. The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate the suitability of fresh-frozen bone graft (test group) used in maxillary ridge augmentation, comparing it to autogenous bone (native maxilla: control group). During the re-entry procedures, 9 months after the fresh-frozen allogeneic bone blocks were placed in the atrophic maxillary ridges, bone cores were removed with a trephine bur from test and control treatments in the same patient. Routine histologic processing using hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius staining was performed. Mature and immature collagen area and density analysis were carried out for both groups under polarization. The results of Students t test for paired samples (P > .05) showed no statistically significant difference in mature and immature collagen area or density percentage between test and control groups. Histologically similar bone formation patterns were observed in both groups. We concluded that fresh-frozen bone allograft is a biologically acceptable alternative for augmentation of the deficient alveolar ridge, showing a similar collagen pattern to that of autogenous bone.

Cytological analysis of the epithelial cells in patients with oral candidiasis

The aim of this study was to evaluate oral epithelial cells of the oral mucosa infected by Candida albicans using exfoliative cytology. Oral smears were collected from clinically normal‐appearing mucosa by liquid‐based exfoliative cytology of 60 individuals (30 patients with oral candidiasis and 30 healthy controls matched for age and gender) and analysed for morphologic and cytomorphometric technique. Morphologically, candida‐infected epithelial cells exhibited nuclear enlargement, perinuclear rings, discrete orangeophilia, and cytoplasmic vacuoles. The cytomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the cytoplasmic area (CA) of the epithelial cells was diminished in patients undergoing candidiasis as compared to the non‐infected controls. In addition, there was an augmentation in nuclear area (NA) and NA/CA area ratio. This study revealed that oral mucosa of patients undergoing candidal infection exhibited significant changes in the size and shape of the oral epithelial cells.

The effects of antidepressants and pilocarpine on rat parotid glands: an immunohistochemical study

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of antidepressants and pilocarpine on the quantity of myoepithelial cells and on the proliferation index of the epithelial cells of rat parotid glands. INTRODUCTION: Hyposalivation, xerostomia, and alterations in saliva composition are important clinical side effects related to the use of antidepressants. METHODS: Ninety male Wistar rats were allocated to nine groups. The control groups received saline for 30 (group C30) or 60 days (group C60) or pilocarpine for 60 days (group Pilo). The experimental groups were administered fluoxetine (group F30) or venlafaxine for 30 days (group V30); fluoxetine (group FS60) or venlafaxine (group VS60) with saline for 60 days; or fluoxetine (group FP60) or venlafaxine (group VP60) with pilocarpine for 60 days. Parotid gland specimens were processed, and the immunohistochemical expression of calponin and proliferating cell nuclear anti-antigen on the myoepithelial and parenchymal cells, respectively, was evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD and Games-Howell tests were applied to detect differences among groups (p<0.05). RESULTS: Compared with the controls, chronic exposure to antidepressants was associated with an increase in the number of positively stained cells for calponin. In addition, venlafaxine administration for 30 days was associated with an increase in the number of positively stained cells for proliferating cell nuclear anti-antigen. Fluoxetine and pilocarpine (group FP60) induced a significant decrease in the number of positively stained cells for calponin compared with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The number of positively stained cells for calponin increased after chronic administration of antidepressants. The proliferation index of the epithelial cells of rat parotid glands was not altered by the use of antidepressants for 60 days.

Management of Sjogren’s Syndrome Patient: A Case Report of Prosthetic Rehabilitation with 6-Year Follow-Up

Completely and partially edentulous patients with Sjogrens syndrome (SS) experience severe hyposalivation, xerostomia, and considerable difficulty in using tissue-supported prosthesis. This clinical paper describes the management, treatment, and 6-year follow-up of a patient diagnosed with SS type II, who uses corticosteroids and antihyperglycemic drugs. The patient received restorative, periodontal, and surgical treatments followed by implant-supported fixed prosthesis. Radiographic evaluation and probing depth showed gingival health and no bone loss after 6 years. Treatment with implant-retained dental prosthesis greatly increased comfort and function, offering an alternative to patients with SS.Completely and partially edentulous patients with Sjogrens syndrome (SS) experience severe hyposalivation, xerostomia, and considerable difficulty in using tissue-supported prosthesis. This clinical paper describes the management, treatment, and 6-year follow-up of a patient diagnosed with SS type II, who uses corticosteroids and antihyperglycemic drugs. The patient received restorative, periodontal, and surgical treatments followed by implant-supported fixed prosthesis. Radiographic evaluation and probing depth showed gingival health and no bone loss after 6 years. Treatment with implant-retained dental prosthesis greatly increased comfort and function, offering an alternative to patients with SS.

Taste evaluation in adolescents and pediatric patients with benign migratory glossitis

OBJECTIVE Benign migratory glossitis (BMG) is a disease that affects the tongue and is considered an inflammatory disorder well recognized. It is characterized by the appearance of erosive areas on the dorsum and lateral border of the tongue that can be isolated or multiple. The aim of this study was to assess whether the perception of taste to the four basic tastes is altered due to the presence of BMG. METHODS Forty individuals of both sexes with a mean age of 12.1 years were divided into two groups (20 BMG patients and 20 healthy controls) and had their taste function assessed in relation to four basic tastes: bitter, sour, sweet, and salty. RESULTS All participants in the case group exhibited lesions over the dorsum, edges and tip of the tongue with a possible extension to the surface below. No statistic difference was observed between BMG patients and controls for the taste scores (Mann-Whitney U test: P=0.0955). The percentage of correctly identified taste strips for the highest concentrations was 100% for all tastes. For the lowest concentrations it was 85% for sweet, 50% for sour, 95% for salty, and 95% for bitter. Three patients with BMG and three control subjects showed hypogeusia. CONCLUSION This study revealed that BMG is not able to change the perception of taste for salty, sweet, sour and bitter.

Marsupialization of Dentigerous Cyst: Report of a Case

Dentigerous cyst is a common pathologic entity associated with an impacted tooth. The standard treatment for this lesion is enucleation and extraction of the involved tooth. Marsupialization of dentigerous cyst has also been advocated, once in many cases it can maintain the impacted tooth in its cavity and promotes its eruption. This report describes a case of a 13-year-old girl with a large dentigerous cyst associated with mandibular right second molar. The cyst was marsupialized and the patient was checked weekly. Two months after the surgical procedure the impacted tooth was completely erupted without orthodontic traction and therapy.

Cytomorphometric and cytomorphologic analysis of oral mucosa in children with sickle cell anemia.

Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs, consequence of vaso occlusive phenomenon and vasculopathy. Several forms of the chronic anemia, consequence of hemolysis, can be associated with oral epithelial cells changes. Exfoliative cytology can be used to detect real changes in the oral mucosa in SCA. Aims: To evaluate morphometric and morphological changes in oral epithelial cells by exfoliative cytology in children with SCA. Materials and Methods: Oral smears were collected from clinically normal-appearing mucosa by liquid-based exfoliative cytology in 20 SCA children (SCA group) and 20 healthy children (C group), matched for age and gender. The slides were prepared and stained by the Papanicolaou technique. Cell morphology and cellularity were analyzed and compared by Chi-square test (P < 0.05). Images of 50 cells per slide were captured and the nuclear area (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) were analyzed using an image analysis system. The nucleus-to-cytoplasmic area ratio (NA/CA) was calculated. To compare the means of groups SCA and C, the Students t-test (P < 0.05) was applied to NA and CA; test non-parametric Mann Whitney U (P < 0.05) was used to compare NA/CA. Results: Mean values for SCA and C groups were: NA (69.38 and 59.63 μm²; P = 0.01); CA (2321.85 and 2185.60 μm²; P = 0.24); NA/CA (0.03 and 0.02; P = 0.13), respectively. A significant increase in NA for SCA group (P = 0.01) was seen. No morphological differences were found between the groups. There was a predominance of nucleated cells of the superficial layer in the smears of both groups. Class I smears were predominant in both groups. Conclusions: This study revealed that SCA was able to induce significant changes on nuclear area of the oral epithelial cells.

Effect of Growth Hormone in Experimental Tooth Movement

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by histological analysis, the effect of growth hormone (GH) on periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during experimental tooth movement in rats. Eighty male Wistar rats divided into control (C) and experimental (E) groups were examined after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days under controlled climate conditions. Orthodontic force (30 cN) was applied on the maxillary first molar by an orthodontic appliance. Group E received 0.1 IU/kg/day of GH and Group C received 0.5 mL/kg/day of saline. The samples were processed and evaluated under optical microscopy and polarized light microscopy. The Kruskal Wallis test was applied to compare the intergroup variables at 5% significance level. Group E presented a larger number of osteoclasts on the 3rd and 7th days and Howship lacunae on the 3 rd day, a smaller number of blood vessels and greater amount of mature collagen on the 3 rd and 7 th days than Group C (p<0.05). It was concluded that GH accelerated and intensified bone resorption and produced delay in immature collagen formation during experimental tooth movement.

Effect of the Chronic Use of Lithium Carbonate on Induced Tooth Movement in Wistar Rats.

Patients who seek dental treatment may have bipolar disorder, and lithium carbonate (LC) is the drug of choice used in the treatment of this disorder. Taking into consideration the controversial results found in the literature, and the possible influence of LC on induced tooth movement, the objective was to evaluate tooth movement induced in rats after administration of lithium carbonate. One hundred and ninety-two rats were divided into 3 groups. In the L group, the animals received daily 60mg/kg of LC, they were not subjected to orthodontic movement, and they were euthanized after 33, 37, 44 or 51 days. In the LM group, the LC was administered for 30 days and during the subsequent 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, corresponding to the period of induced tooth movement, and they received a spring that produced a 30cN force. In the SM group, saline solution was applied. Measurements were made of tooth displacement, the numbers of osteoclasts and serum lithium phosphate (PO4), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine levels. The tooth displacement was lower in the LM group compared to the SM group at 44 days. A tendency toward reduction in the number of osteoclasts was observed in the LM group compared to the SM group at 44 days. The average lithium were higher in the L and LM groups compared to the SM group. The opposite was observed for the PO4 group. A higher value for the ALP was found in the L group. The average creatinine level was lower in the LM group. LC inhibited tooth movement for 14 days, possibly due to the reduction in the number of osteoclasts.

Perfil sociodemográfico e condição bucal de usuários de drogas em dois municípios do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

IntroductionEpidemiological survey of the oral conditions of drug users is an important strategy to know this population, whose growth is increasing in Brazil, so that preventive goals and adequate treatment can be proposed.AimThe aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic profile and oral health condition of drug users in rehab of two municipalities of the State of Parana.Material and methodOne hundred individuals participated in the study, which data were collected by questionnaire and physical exam. The following values were obtained: DMFT index (decay-missing-filled index), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Data analyses were performed by Student t test and one-way ANOVA.ResultThe mean age of participants was 29.12 years. The major frequencies were: male (95.5%), single (69.0%), lower schooling (41%) and higher consumption of licit drugs tobacco (90.9%) and alcohol (84.5%), followed by crack (80.9%), and marijuana (77.3%). The mean DMFT index was 15.21 (SD=5.84), and the longer the dependence time, the greater this index (p<0.05). Mean PD was 3.55 and mean CAL was 3.59. BOP occurred in 82.7% and 79.5% showed moderate inflammation. Detectable plaque and moderate plaque accumulation were observed in 39.5% and 35.3%, respectively.ConclusionPrevalence was observed in young and single males with low schooling, and with consumption of licit and illicit drugs. Poor oral health condition was identified, which deserves more attention from health professional and policymakers for this population.