Maria de Fatima Aguiar Lopes

Alterações posturais em crianças e adolescentes obesos e não-obesos

Nos ultimos anos, a obesidade assumiu proporcoes epidemicas, relacionando-se aos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e tambem ao aparecimento de alteracoes posturais, tanto no adulto como em criancas e adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e comparar a frequencia de alteracoes posturais e dor em escolares obesos e nao obesos de acordo com o genero. Foram analisadas 51 criancas e adolescentes, de 9 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, divididas em dois grupos: obesos (n=33) e nao-obesos (n=18), estes foram posteriormente subdivididos por sexo para as analises. A partir da massa corporal e da estatura, foi calculado o indice de massa corporal (IMC). Utilizou-se questionario elaborado pelos autores e validado em conteudo para avaliar a presenca ou nao de dor. Foram avaliados desvios posturais de ombro, cabeca e joelho, pelo uso de fotometria para analise angular e de dimensao. Os meninos obesos apresentaram maiores alteracoes posturais do que os nao-obesos somente na regiao do joelho (p<0,01). Entre as meninas, nao houve diferenca para nenhuma das regioes. A frequencia de dor nas meninas obesas foi significativamente maior do que nas nao-obesas (p<0,05). Conclui-se que as alteracoes nao sao exclusivas dos individuos obesos, mas o excesso de peso pode acentuar esses desvios. Mais estudos sao necessarios para diagnosticar, ja na infância, essas alteracoes, possibilitando intervencao precoce e boa postura na vida adulta.Obesity has reached epidemic proportions over recent years and is related to cardiovascular risk factors, as well as to the occurrence of postural changes in adults, children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of postural abnormalities and pain in schoolchildren. Fifty-one children and adolescents of both genders aged 9-17 years were divided into an obese (n = 33) and a non-obese group (n = 18). Weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index. A questionnaire was used to assess the presence or absence of pain. Postural deviations of the shoulder, head and knees were analyzed by photometry using the Corel Draw12 software for the determination of angular measures and size. Obese boys showed greater postural changes in the region of the knees than non-obese ones (p<0.001). No significant differences in any of the regions analyzed were observed for girls. On the other hand, the prevalence of pain was significantly higher among obese girls than among non-obese girls. We conclude that postural changes are not limited to obese children, but excess weight may increase this deviation. Further studies are needed to diagnose these changes during childhood in order to permit early intervention and good posture in adult life.

Postural changes in obese and non-obese children and adolescents

Nos ultimos anos, a obesidade assumiu proporcoes epidemicas, relacionando-se aos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e tambem ao aparecimento de alteracoes posturais, tanto no adulto como em criancas e adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e comparar a frequencia de alteracoes posturais e dor em escolares obesos e nao obesos de acordo com o genero. Foram analisadas 51 criancas e adolescentes, de 9 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, divididas em dois grupos: obesos (n=33) e nao-obesos (n=18), estes foram posteriormente subdivididos por sexo para as analises. A partir da massa corporal e da estatura, foi calculado o indice de massa corporal (IMC). Utilizou-se questionario elaborado pelos autores e validado em conteudo para avaliar a presenca ou nao de dor. Foram avaliados desvios posturais de ombro, cabeca e joelho, pelo uso de fotometria para analise angular e de dimensao. Os meninos obesos apresentaram maiores alteracoes posturais do que os nao-obesos somente na regiao do joelho (p<0,01). Entre as meninas, nao houve diferenca para nenhuma das regioes. A frequencia de dor nas meninas obesas foi significativamente maior do que nas nao-obesas (p<0,05). Conclui-se que as alteracoes nao sao exclusivas dos individuos obesos, mas o excesso de peso pode acentuar esses desvios. Mais estudos sao necessarios para diagnosticar, ja na infância, essas alteracoes, possibilitando intervencao precoce e boa postura na vida adulta.Obesity has reached epidemic proportions over recent years and is related to cardiovascular risk factors, as well as to the occurrence of postural changes in adults, children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of postural abnormalities and pain in schoolchildren. Fifty-one children and adolescents of both genders aged 9-17 years were divided into an obese (n = 33) and a non-obese group (n = 18). Weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index. A questionnaire was used to assess the presence or absence of pain. Postural deviations of the shoulder, head and knees were analyzed by photometry using the Corel Draw12 software for the determination of angular measures and size. Obese boys showed greater postural changes in the region of the knees than non-obese ones (p<0.001). No significant differences in any of the regions analyzed were observed for girls. On the other hand, the prevalence of pain was significantly higher among obese girls than among non-obese girls. We conclude that postural changes are not limited to obese children, but excess weight may increase this deviation. Further studies are needed to diagnose these changes during childhood in order to permit early intervention and good posture in adult life.

Effects of Water-Based Training on Static and Dynamic Balance of Older Women

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a water-based exercise program on static and dynamic balance. METHOD Thirty-six older women were randomly assigned to a water-based training (3 days/week for 12 weeks) or control group. Water level was kept at the level of the xiphoid process and temperature at ∼28-30°C. Each session included aerobic activities and lower limb strength exercises. The medial-lateral, the anterior-posterior amplitude, and displacement of the center of pressure (CP-D) were measured in a quiet standing position (60 sec eyes opened and closed). The dynamic balance and 8-Foot Up-and-Go tests were also applied. Group comparisons were made using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. RESULTS No differences were found in the center of pressure variables; however, the WBT group showed better performance in the 8 Foot Up-and-Go Test after training (5.61±0.76 vs. 5.18±0.42; p<0.01). CONCLUSION The water-based training was effective in improving dynamic balance, but not static balance.

Efeitos de Exercícios Aquáticos e Orientação Nutricional na Composição Corporal de Crianças e Adolescentes Obesos

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of aquatic exercise and nutritional guidance on the body composition of obese children and adolescents. Thirty obese children aged 10 to 16 years, with a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile according to the classification proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000), were divided into two groups: the first group started learning to swim (GSwim, n = 10) and the second group underwent a deep water running program (GDeep, n = 20). Weight, height, BMI, BMI Z-scores, relative and absolute fat, and relative and absolute lean body mass were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks. The program consisted of 12 meetings for nutritional guidance (once a week) and 36 sessions of exercise (three times per week). MANOVA and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. After 12 weeks,GDeep showed a significant reduction in BMI, BMI Z-scores and relative and absolute fat, and an increase in relative and absolute lean body mass. Significant differences were observed between GDeep and GSwim in terms of the reduction in body fat (p = 0.014) and the increase in lean mass (p = 0.006). A program of deep water running together with nutritional guidance may promote significant changes in the body composition of obese children and adolescents due to the cyclic characteristic of this physical activity.

FTO rs9939609 Does Not Interact with Physical Exercise but Influences Basal Insulin Metabolism in Brazilian Overweight and Obese Adolescents

Purpose The rs9939609 SNP (T > A) in FTO gene is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed at verifying whether this SNP influenced biochemical outcomes of children and adolescents who are overweight/obese submitted to a program of physical exercise and also if there was influence on basal levels of these biochemical variables. Methods The sample was composed by 432 children and adolescents grouped in three ways (obese, overweight, and normal weight); of these, 135 children and adoloescents who are obese and overweight were submitted to a physical exercise program for 12 weeks. All were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Results The children and adolescents who are overweight/obese and carriers of AA genotype had higher levels of insulin (p=0.03) and HOMA (p=0.007) and lower levels of glucose (p=0.003), but the SNP did not modulate the response to physical exercise. Conclusions In our study, the rs9939609 AA genotype was associated with parameters related to insulin metabolism but did not interact with physical exercise.

Alterações posturais em crianças e adolescentes obesos e não-obesos. 10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n6p448

Nos ultimos anos, a obesidade assumiu proporcoes epidemicas, relacionando-se aos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e tambem ao aparecimento de alteracoes posturais, tanto no adulto como em criancas e adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e comparar a frequencia de alteracoes posturais e dor em escolares obesos e nao obesos de acordo com o genero. Foram analisadas 51 criancas e adolescentes, de 9 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, divididas em dois grupos: obesos (n=33) e nao-obesos (n=18), estes foram posteriormente subdivididos por sexo para as analises. A partir da massa corporal e da estatura, foi calculado o indice de massa corporal (IMC). Utilizou-se questionario elaborado pelos autores e validado em conteudo para avaliar a presenca ou nao de dor. Foram avaliados desvios posturais de ombro, cabeca e joelho, pelo uso de fotometria para analise angular e de dimensao. Os meninos obesos apresentaram maiores alteracoes posturais do que os nao-obesos somente na regiao do joelho (p<0,01). Entre as meninas, nao houve diferenca para nenhuma das regioes. A frequencia de dor nas meninas obesas foi significativamente maior do que nas nao-obesas (p<0,05). Conclui-se que as alteracoes nao sao exclusivas dos individuos obesos, mas o excesso de peso pode acentuar esses desvios. Mais estudos sao necessarios para diagnosticar, ja na infância, essas alteracoes, possibilitando intervencao precoce e boa postura na vida adulta.Obesity has reached epidemic proportions over recent years and is related to cardiovascular risk factors, as well as to the occurrence of postural changes in adults, children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of postural abnormalities and pain in schoolchildren. Fifty-one children and adolescents of both genders aged 9-17 years were divided into an obese (n = 33) and a non-obese group (n = 18). Weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index. A questionnaire was used to assess the presence or absence of pain. Postural deviations of the shoulder, head and knees were analyzed by photometry using the Corel Draw12 software for the determination of angular measures and size. Obese boys showed greater postural changes in the region of the knees than non-obese ones (p<0.001). No significant differences in any of the regions analyzed were observed for girls. On the other hand, the prevalence of pain was significantly higher among obese girls than among non-obese girls. We conclude that postural changes are not limited to obese children, but excess weight may increase this deviation. Further studies are needed to diagnose these changes during childhood in order to permit early intervention and good posture in adult life.

Postural changes in obese and non-obese children and adolescents. DOI:10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n6p448

Nos ultimos anos, a obesidade assumiu proporcoes epidemicas, relacionando-se aos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e tambem ao aparecimento de alteracoes posturais, tanto no adulto como em criancas e adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e comparar a frequencia de alteracoes posturais e dor em escolares obesos e nao obesos de acordo com o genero. Foram analisadas 51 criancas e adolescentes, de 9 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, divididas em dois grupos: obesos (n=33) e nao-obesos (n=18), estes foram posteriormente subdivididos por sexo para as analises. A partir da massa corporal e da estatura, foi calculado o indice de massa corporal (IMC). Utilizou-se questionario elaborado pelos autores e validado em conteudo para avaliar a presenca ou nao de dor. Foram avaliados desvios posturais de ombro, cabeca e joelho, pelo uso de fotometria para analise angular e de dimensao. Os meninos obesos apresentaram maiores alteracoes posturais do que os nao-obesos somente na regiao do joelho (p<0,01). Entre as meninas, nao houve diferenca para nenhuma das regioes. A frequencia de dor nas meninas obesas foi significativamente maior do que nas nao-obesas (p<0,05). Conclui-se que as alteracoes nao sao exclusivas dos individuos obesos, mas o excesso de peso pode acentuar esses desvios. Mais estudos sao necessarios para diagnosticar, ja na infância, essas alteracoes, possibilitando intervencao precoce e boa postura na vida adulta.Obesity has reached epidemic proportions over recent years and is related to cardiovascular risk factors, as well as to the occurrence of postural changes in adults, children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of postural abnormalities and pain in schoolchildren. Fifty-one children and adolescents of both genders aged 9-17 years were divided into an obese (n = 33) and a non-obese group (n = 18). Weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index. A questionnaire was used to assess the presence or absence of pain. Postural deviations of the shoulder, head and knees were analyzed by photometry using the Corel Draw12 software for the determination of angular measures and size. Obese boys showed greater postural changes in the region of the knees than non-obese ones (p<0.001). No significant differences in any of the regions analyzed were observed for girls. On the other hand, the prevalence of pain was significantly higher among obese girls than among non-obese girls. We conclude that postural changes are not limited to obese children, but excess weight may increase this deviation. Further studies are needed to diagnose these changes during childhood in order to permit early intervention and good posture in adult life.