Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke

Colesterol e composição dos ácidos graxos nas dietas para humanos e na carcaça suína

Cholesterol is a complex lipid-steroid like substance mostly present in animal fat, and it has many essencial functions in living organisms. However, in humans, any metabolic problems can increase blood cholesterol concentration and, consequently, increase the risk of coronary heart disease, such as arteriosclerosis. It is a known fact that cholesterol consumption is a risk factor for people who have genetic disorders in the metabolic regulation of cholesterol. These people have plasma levels of cholesterol above 200mg/dl and a plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) under 35mg/dl. For these people, it is important to control the cholesterol level in the diet. The consumption of pork meat as well as any kind of meat, must be monitored for the fatty acid composition the intramuscular and subcutaneous fat. Swine that received diets with high concentration of polyunsaturated fats present higher concentrations of these fatty acids in the carcass. The supplementation of swine diets with polyunsaturated fatty acids of vegetable origin cannot be above 4%, due to the detrimental effect on the conservation of the carcasses, even though it results in healthier meat for human consumption.

Influência da fitase na utilização de nutrientes em dietas compostas por milho e farelo de soja para suínos em crescimento

The objective of this trial was to determine the adequate level of the phytase (0, 300, 600 and 900 PU/kg of the diet) to be added in corn-soybean meal diets with two crude protein (CP) levels, one at the animal requirements (18%CP) and another at smaller level (16% CP), for the most effective nitrogen bioavailability, of the energy and of the macro minerals, and also to observe in which of these diet protein levels the phytase has larger effect. Twenty-four pigs with initial weight of 18,4 kg were housed in metabolic cages for metabolism assay of the nitrogen, gross energy, phosphorus and calcium, through the method using ferric oxide as a marker. The diets were supplied in accordance to the animal’s metabolic weight, and they were isoenergetic with 3295 kcal of ME/kg. The animal performance traits, the nitrogen digestibility (ND), nitrogen retention (NR), digestive energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), phosphorus digestibility (PD), phosphorus retention (PR), calcium digestibility (CaD) and calcium retention (CaR) were evaluated. An increase in the nutrient bioavailabilities were observed to the added phytase in the levels from 220 508 UF/kg of the diet, except in the animal’s performances that increased linearly. When energy was evaluated, the enzyme efficiency was better when it was added in marginal protein diet levels, 16% CP, as compared with diets of 18% CP.The objective of this trial was to determine the adequate level of the phytase (0, 300, 600 and 900 PU/kg of the diet) to be added in corn-soybean meal diets with two crude protein (CP) levels, one at the animal requirements (18%CP) and another at smaller level (16% CP), for the most effective nitrogen bioavailability, of the energy and of the macro minerals, and also to observe in which of these diet protein levels the phytase has larger effect. Twenty-four pigs with initial weight of 18,4 kg were housed in metabolic cages for metabolism assay of the nitrogen, gross energy, phosphorus and calcium, through the method using ferric oxide as a marker. The diets were supplied in accordance to the animals metabolic weight, and they were isoenergetic with 3295 kcal of ME/kg. The animal performance traits, the nitrogen digestibility (ND), nitrogen retention (NR), digestive energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), phosphorus digestibility (PD), phosphorus retention (PR), calcium digestibility (CaD) and calcium retention (CaR) were evaluated. An increase in the nutrient bioavailabilities were observed to the added phytase in the levels from 220 - 508 UF/kg of the diet, except in the animals performances that increased linearly. When energy was evaluated, the enzyme efficiency was better when it was added in marginal protein diet levels, 16% CP, as compared with diets of 18% CP.