Maria Gabriela Valle Gottlieb

Polymorphism (ALA16VAL) correlates with regional lymph node status in breast cancer

We studied the possible association between Ala16Val manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene genotypes and breast cancer lymph node status because previous investigations suggested an association between the AA genotype and breast cancer. We included 281 women (188 controls and 93 cases of invasive breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis (LN+) and without lymph node metastasis (LN-). DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissue or peripheral blood leukocytes, and MnSOD polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. In addition, the immunohistochemical profile (p53, Ki-67 and estrogen/progesterone receptors) was also compared between invasive breast cancer groups and different MnSOD genotypes. The frequency of the VV genotype was higher in the LN+ group than in the control and LN- groups (chi(2)=5.081, P=0.02). Subjects with LN+ breast cancer (LN+ group) showed a higher incidence of VV genotype carriers associated with positive Ki-67 marker. Subjects with LN+ breast cancer (LN+ group) showed a higher incidence of VV genotype carriers associated with negative p53 marker. Despite the fact that the AA genotype is well established as being associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, the VV genotype may be associated with a higher metastatic potential, suggesting that MnSOD imbalance is the condition associated with carcinogenesis.

Antibodies against OxLDL and acute coronary syndrome

FUNDAMENTO: A oxidacao da lipoproteina de baixa densidade (LDL-ox) induz a formacao de epitopos imunogenicos na molecula. A presenca de autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox tem sido demonstrada no soro de pacientes com doenca arterial coronariana (DAC). Contudo, o papel desses autoanticorpos na fisiopatologia das sindromes coronarianas agudas (SCA) e o seu significado clinico permanecem indefinidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associacao entre autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox e SCA. METODOS: Os titulos de imunoglobulina G autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox por cobre (antiLDL-ox) e contra o peptideo sintetico D derivado da apolipoproteina B (antipeptD) foram determinados por ensaio imunoenzimatico (ELISA) em 90 pacientes, nas primeiras 12h de SCA (casos) e em 90 pacientes com DAC cronica (controles). RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que os titulos de antiLDL-ox foram significativamente mais elevados (p = 0,017) nos casos (0,40 ± 0,22), do que nos controles (0,33 ± 0,23). Por outro lado, os titulos de antipeptD foram significativamente menores (p < 0,01) nos casos (0,28 ± 0,23) do que nos controles (0,45 ± 0,30). A diferenca dos titulos de ambos anticorpos entre os dois grupos estudados foi independente de idade, sexo, hipertensao arterial, diabete melito, dislipidemia, indice de massa corporal, tabagismo, perfil lipidico, uso de estatinas e historia familiar de DAC. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados mostraram que os titulos de antiLDL-ox foram significativamente mais elevados nos pacientes com sindrome coronariana aguda quando comparados aos pacientes com doenca arterial coronariana e podem estar associados a instabilidade da placa aterosclerotica.BACKGROUNDnThe oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induces the formation of immunogenic epitopes in molecules. The presence of autoantibodies against oxLDL has been demonstrated in the serum of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the role of these autoantibodies in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and their clinical significance remain undefined.nnnOBJECTIVEnTo evaluate the association between antibodies against oxLDL and ACS.nnnMETHODSnTiters of IgG autoantibodies against oxLDL by copper (anti-oxLDL) and anti-D synthetic peptide derived from apolipoprotein B (antipeptD) were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 90 patients, in the first 12 hours of ACS (cases) and in 90 patients with chronic CAD (controls).nnnRESULTSnThe results showed that the titers of anti-oxLDL were significantly higher (p = 0.017) in cases (0.40 +/- 0.22) than in controls (0.33 +/- 0.23). On the other hand, the titers of antipeptD were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in cases (0.28 +/- 0.23) than in controls (0.45 +/- 0.30). The difference in the titers of both antibodies between the two groups was independent of age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, body mass index, smoking, lipid profile, statin use and family history of CAD.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe results showed that the titers of anti-oxLDL were significantly higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome as compared to patients with coronary artery disease and may be associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability.

Anticorpos contra LDL-ox e síndrome coronariana aguda

FUNDAMENTO: A oxidacao da lipoproteina de baixa densidade (LDL-ox) induz a formacao de epitopos imunogenicos na molecula. A presenca de autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox tem sido demonstrada no soro de pacientes com doenca arterial coronariana (DAC). Contudo, o papel desses autoanticorpos na fisiopatologia das sindromes coronarianas agudas (SCA) e o seu significado clinico permanecem indefinidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associacao entre autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox e SCA. METODOS: Os titulos de imunoglobulina G autoanticorpos contra a LDL-ox por cobre (antiLDL-ox) e contra o peptideo sintetico D derivado da apolipoproteina B (antipeptD) foram determinados por ensaio imunoenzimatico (ELISA) em 90 pacientes, nas primeiras 12h de SCA (casos) e em 90 pacientes com DAC cronica (controles). RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que os titulos de antiLDL-ox foram significativamente mais elevados (p = 0,017) nos casos (0,40 ± 0,22), do que nos controles (0,33 ± 0,23). Por outro lado, os titulos de antipeptD foram significativamente menores (p < 0,01) nos casos (0,28 ± 0,23) do que nos controles (0,45 ± 0,30). A diferenca dos titulos de ambos anticorpos entre os dois grupos estudados foi independente de idade, sexo, hipertensao arterial, diabete melito, dislipidemia, indice de massa corporal, tabagismo, perfil lipidico, uso de estatinas e historia familiar de DAC. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados mostraram que os titulos de antiLDL-ox foram significativamente mais elevados nos pacientes com sindrome coronariana aguda quando comparados aos pacientes com doenca arterial coronariana e podem estar associados a instabilidade da placa aterosclerotica.BACKGROUNDnThe oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induces the formation of immunogenic epitopes in molecules. The presence of autoantibodies against oxLDL has been demonstrated in the serum of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the role of these autoantibodies in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and their clinical significance remain undefined.nnnOBJECTIVEnTo evaluate the association between antibodies against oxLDL and ACS.nnnMETHODSnTiters of IgG autoantibodies against oxLDL by copper (anti-oxLDL) and anti-D synthetic peptide derived from apolipoprotein B (antipeptD) were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 90 patients, in the first 12 hours of ACS (cases) and in 90 patients with chronic CAD (controls).nnnRESULTSnThe results showed that the titers of anti-oxLDL were significantly higher (p = 0.017) in cases (0.40 +/- 0.22) than in controls (0.33 +/- 0.23). On the other hand, the titers of antipeptD were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in cases (0.28 +/- 0.23) than in controls (0.45 +/- 0.30). The difference in the titers of both antibodies between the two groups was independent of age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, body mass index, smoking, lipid profile, statin use and family history of CAD.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe results showed that the titers of anti-oxLDL were significantly higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome as compared to patients with coronary artery disease and may be associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability.

Association of oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms rs53576 and rs2254298 with depression: a systematic review

Objetivos: Embora a etiologia da depressao seja reconhecidamente multifatorial, estudos tem sugerido que esteja associada a uma mutacaono gene receptor da ocitocina (OXTR). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de uma revisao sistematica da literatura, a ocorrenciade associacao dos OXTR rs53576 e rs2254298 com depressao e sintomas ou temperamento depressivo.Metodos: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases Lilacs, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus e Embase, abrangendo o periodo de 2004 a2014, nos idiomas ingles e portugues, com o descritor gene receptor da ocitocina/oxytocin receptor gene, adicionado aos descritores depressao/depression, temperamento depressivo/depressive temperament ou disturbios do humor/mood disorder. Foram utilizados os seguintes criteriospara a inclusao dos artigos: estudos originais com conteudo disponivel na integra em idioma ingles ou portugues; somente estudos com sereshumanos com diagnostico clinico de depressao, ou rastreamento de sintomas e temperamento depressivos; estudos com as variantes rs53576ou rs225298 do gene OXTR; e a investigacao de associacao entre os polimorfismos OXTR e depressao e/ou sintomas ou temperamentodepressivo.Resultados: Foram capturados inicialmente 126 artigos, entretanto apenas oito estudos preencheram os criterios de inclusao. Dos oito artigosincluidos, seis estudos encontraram associacao significativa entre as variantes OXTR rs53576 e rs2254298 com depressao, temperamento esintomas depressivos, enquanto dois estudos nao encontraram associacao.Conclusoes: Os resultados sugerem que os OXTR rs53576 e rs2254298 estao associados a sintomas, temperamento depressivo e depressao.Contudo, e importante levar em consideracao que esses polimorfismos nao atuam de forma deterministica, ou seja, sao influenciados oumodulados por condicoes ambientais, que podem envolver fatores biopsicossociais, afetivos, etnicos e de genero.(AU) Aims: Although the etiology of depression is known to be multifactorial, studies have pointed to its association with a mutation in the oxytocinreceptor gene (OXTR). The aim of this study was to determine, by means of a systematic review of the literature, whether OXTRs rs53576and rs2254298 are associated with depression and depressive symptoms or temperament.Methods: The survey was conducted on the databases Lilacs, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase, covering the period2004-2014, in English and Portuguese, with the descriptors receptor da ocitocina/oxytocin receptor gene, added to depressao/depression,temperamento depressivo/depressive temperament, or disturbios do humor/mood disorder. The following criteria were used for the inclusionof items: original studies with content available in full in English or Portuguese language; only human studies with clinical diagnosis ofdepression, or screening for symptoms and depressive temperament; studies on the variants rs53576 or rs22524298 of OXTR; and search forassociation between OXTR polymorphisms and depression and/or depressive symptoms or temperament.Results: Initially 126 articles were captured, but only eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the eight articles included, six studies founda significant association between variants OXTR rs53576 and rs225298 with depression, mood and depressive symptoms, while two studiesfound no association.Conclusions: The results suggest that OXTR rs53576 and rs2254298 are associated with depressive symptoms and temperament as well aswith depression. However, it should be noted that these polymorphisms do not act deterministically; rather, they are influenced or modulatedby the environment, which may involve biopsychosocial, affective, ethnic, and gender factors.(AU)OBJETIVOS: Embora a etiologia da depressao seja reconhecidamente multifatorial, estudos tem sugerido que esteja associada a uma mutacao no gene receptor da ocitocina (OXTR). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de uma revisao sistematica da literatura, a ocorrencia de associacao dos OXTR rs53576 e rs2254298 com depressao e sintomas ou temperamento depressivo. METODOS: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases Lilacs, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus e Embase, abrangendo o periodo de 2004 a 2014, nos idiomas ingles e portugues, com o descritor gene receptor da ocitocina/oxytocin receptor gene, adicionado aos descritores depressao/depression, temperamento depressivo/depressive temperament ou disturbios do humor/mood disorder. Foram utilizados os seguintes criterios para a inclusao dos artigos: estudos originais com conteudo disponivel na integra em idioma ingles ou portugues; somente estudos com seres humanos com diagnostico clinico de depressao, ou rastreamento de sintomas e temperamento depressivos; estudos com as variantes rs53576 ou rs225298 do gene OXTR; e a investigacao de associacao entre os polimorfismos OXTR e depressao e/ou sintomas ou temperamento depressivo. RESULTADOS: Foram capturados inicialmente 126 artigos, entretanto apenas oito estudos preencheram os criterios de inclusao. Dos oito artigos incluidos, seis estudos encontraram associacao significativa entre as variantes OXTR rs53576 e rs2254298 com depressao, temperamento e sintomas depressivos, enquanto dois estudos nao encontraram associacao. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados sugerem que os OXTR rs53576 e rs2254298 estao associados a sintomas, temperamento depressivo e depressao. Contudo, e importante levar em consideracao que esses polimorfismos nao atuam de forma deterministica, ou seja, sao influenciados ou modulados por condicoes ambientais, que podem envolver fatores biopsicossociais, afetivos, etnicos e de genero.

Indication of Bariatric Surgery (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery and Vertical Gastrectomy) in The Older Individuals and implications For Gut Microbiota

Life expectancy and the obesity epidemic have considerably increased in different regions of the world, especially in developing countries. Various strategies exist for the treatment of obesity, although diet therapy, physical activity and lifestyle modification programs form the pillars of this treatment [1]. However, if these strategies fail to treat obesity and its comorbidities, combination with pharmacological therapy becomes necessary, and as a last resort, bariatric surgery should be indicated. Obesity is considered a risk factor that reduces quality of life and life expectancy, and bariatric/metabolic surgery has been found the most effective treatment for morbid obesity [2]. The efficacy of bariatric procedures in inducing and maintaining weight loss is, for the most part, superior to that achieved by drug therapies or lifestyle modification [2]. Surgery results in greater weight loss and improvement in weight-related comorbidities in comparison to non-surgical interventions, regardless of the type of procedure adopted [2, 3]. Nonetheless, the indication of bariatric surgery in people aged over 65 years is still controversial and subject Abstract

Inflammation, Oxidation, Caloric Expenditure and Cognitive Impairment in Brazilian Elderly Assisted at Primary Care.

Cognitive impairment (CI) has a multifactorial etiology. Some studies have suggested that inflammatory, oxidative and antioxidant status and physical activity are associated with CI. However, the evidence on this subject is still controversial. The goal of this study was to verify the association of caloric expenditure by physical activity, oxidative, antioxidant power and inflammatory biomarkers with CI in older adults. We performed a cross-sectional study of 424 elderly (224 with normal cognitive function and 200 with CI) patients from the Family Health Strategy in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The variables investigated were sociodemographic, biochemical, inflammatory (hs-CRP, IL-6), oxidative (TBARS, AOPP), antioxidant power (FRAP) biomarkers, energy expenditure, and cognitive function. The instruments used were the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire + Compendium of Physical Activities, classification of energy costs of human physical activities (for physical activity evaluation and measurement of energy expenditure in METs), and a battery of neuropsychiatric instruments (for cognitive ability assessment). We found statistically significant differences only with respect to HDL-c and age (higher averages in the CI group; P<0.05). We observed no differences between the groups with respect to biochemical, inflammatory, oxidative and FRAP biomarkers or caloric expenditure. Logistic regression showed that HDL-c (OR=1.02 [IC=95%; 1.01-1.04]; P=0.011), and age (OR=1.05 [IC=95%; 1.02-1.08]; P=0.004) are independent factors associated with CI. Our results suggest that the biochemical (except HDL-c), inflammatory, oxidative, and FRAP biomarkers investigated and caloric expenditure are not associated with CI in the elderly assisted at primary care.