Maria Hełdak

Costs of Urbanisation in Poland, Based on the Example of Wrocław

The paper deals with the issue of charging communes with the costs of realisation of the provisions contained in local spatial development plans. When such local spatial development plan enters into force, it leads to economic consequences. In Poland, these consequences are specified in the forecast of the financial impact, which contains a prognosis of own revenues as well as of costs incurred by the budget of the commune. The research consisted in the analysis of the costs of urbanisation of land located in Wroclaw, in the southern part of the Krzyki district (Poland). This area is undeveloped to a major extent, consisting mainly of agricultural land, and its development requires the construction of technological and social infrastructure facilities. The expected costs of the realisation of local spatial development plans that are binding for the southern part of Wroclaw demonstrate significant costs of the construction of sewage network and municipal roads. The planned development of residential districts is not supported by the existing infrastructure. Additionally, the development of new areas will require the city of Wroclaw to take over the real properties on which public goals are planned to be realised. The estimated costs of land acquisition for the realisation of public goals amount to EUR 3 728 500.

Application of Spatial Models in Making Location Decisions of Wind Power Plant in Poland

In this paper,we explore the process of making decisions on the location of wind power plants in Poland in connection with a gradually increasing consumption of energy from renewable sources and the increase of impact problems of such facilities. The location of new wind power plants attracts much attention, and both positive and negative publicity. Visualisations can be of assistance when choosing the most advantageous location for a plant, as three-dimensional variants of the facility to be constructed can be prepared. This work involves terrestrial laser scanning of an existing wind power plant and 3D modelling followed by. The model could be subsequently used in visualisation of real terrain, with special purpose in local land development plan. This paper shows a spatial model of a wind power plant as a new element of a capital investment process in Poland. Next, we incorporate the model into an undeveloped site, intended for building a wind farm, subject to the requirements for location of power plants.

PLANNING DECISIONS IN LANDSLIDE AREAS

The study discusses the topic of planning decisions taken for the purposes of studies prepared on the municipality level and related to the development of landslide areas in Poland. The aim of the research is to demonstrate the scale of the issue consisting in designating areas at risk of subsidence of soil masses for investment purposes. The research emphasises the essential role of planning documentation in the prevention of investment in such areas. Other vital factors also include the SOPO (Landslide Counteracting System) database as well as the staroste, who, in the course of preparation of planning documentation and issuing decisions on development conditions, issues opinions or agrees (depending on the type of document or decision) on the planned investment in areas at risk of landslides. The study shows the complexity of the spatial planning and development system in Poland and the significant influence of bodies and institutions on the planned development of areas prone to the subsidence of soil masses.

Demand and Financial Constraints in Eliminating Architectural and Technical Barriers for People with Disabilities in Poland

The purpose of the study is to analyse the availability of financial resources for people with disabilities and to assess the needs satisfaction level of the disabled in order to eliminate architectural and technical barriers in Poland. The research conducted among the disabled affected by physical disability indicates that mobility barriers and obstacles remain among the most important problems encountered by people with disabilities. The research has shown that the problem of barriers increases with age. The elimination of architectural barriers requires, each time, higher financial expenditure, whereas the elimination of technical barriers improves the life quality of people with disabilities at low financial outlays. The average funding in Poland amounted to PLN 827.53 in 2016, including the funding of EUR 1453.60 for the elimination of architectural barriers and approx. EUR 582 for the removal of technical barriers. The financial resources allocated for this purpose do not cover the actual needs of the people with disabilities. The analysis revealed that the demand for investment in the elimination of barriers is increasing with age, whereas the expenditure of the Polish state is decreasing.

Construction of Public Roads at the Meeting Point of Different Legislation Systems

The study discusses the topic of transport accessibility in Poland and the Russian Federation. The authors have analysed the principles of acquiring land for the construction of public roads, network development and problems that accompany the development of national roads. Since the political transformation at the beginning of the 1990’s, Poland and Russian Federation have been in the need of legislative changes that would facilitate the acquisition of land for road investments. The study presents the dynamic development of the national roads system in Poland, after the accession to the European Union, and improvement of the communication system in the Russian Federation.

Quasi-Public Real Estate Within The City Of Wrocław

Abstract The study undertakes the subject of public shopping centers in Wrocław as representative of quasi-public space. Public space should enable public discussion, whereas the public events organized in malls have little to do with public debate. The users of shopping centers are usually consumers or business entities whose main goal is to improve the quality of their lives. Public space should be available without any additional permission to use it. It should also be freely accessible and provide the opportunity for various people to congregate—this is seen as a positive feature of space that is worth visiting. Public space should also promote the notion of public property and encourage its users to express and exchange opinions. Contemporary malls serve as an attempt at providing a replacement for public space. The study aims to represent the scale of shopping centers operating within the space of the city of Wrocław, the area they occupy and the economic consequences they entail for small entrepreneurs operating in the region where they exist.

Real Estate Value Tax Based on the Latvian Experience

Abstract The article deals with the subject of the planned real estate changes in Poland as viewed in relation to the solutions accepted in Latvia. The current basis for real estate tax is a set fee per 1m² of the estate’s area established in a town council resolution, taking into account the maximum fees established by the Minister of Finances. Currently, the owners of real estates with identical area often pay the same tax regardless of the location, condition and function of the real estate formulated in the plan. The cadastral tax currently in preparation addresses these and other features which influence the value of real estate. A set cadastral value approximate to the market value will serve as the basis for determining the cadastral tax. The principles of real estate tax retrieval in Poland are not clearly established which is why it might prove useful to use the experience of other countries undergoing similar governmental changes. The article makes references to tax solutions recognized in Latvia in the domain of tax fees, valuation principles and problems accompanying real estate tax retrieval.

FUNCTIONAL STANDARTIZATION OF RURAL AREAS OF DOLNOŚLĄSKIE VOIVODESHIP

Functional Standartization of Rural Areas of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship In the article the actual functions of rural or urban-rural communes in Dolnośląskie voivodeship (Lower Silesia) in 1996 and 2005 were indicated by applying three criteria of delimitation: structure of economy, the level of industrialisation and the level of tourism infrastructure. The research revealed that in 1996 most communes were classified as the type dominated by agriculture and at the same time they were underdeveloped with regards to tourism and were, almost totally, lacking in industry - as many as 48 out of 126 of analysed communes. In 2005 in Dolnośląskie voivodeship industrial communes prevailed which were also dominated by agriculture - altogether 47 communes in the region.