Maria Helena Matiko Akao Larsson

Tetralogia de Fallot em cão

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac disease characterized by the presence of hypoxemia because of the pulmonary stenosis and the ventricular septal defect. The symptom in the animal is cianosis. Actually, there are many diagnostic methods of this affection. There are many treatments for Tetralogy of Fallot, such as the medicamentosus treatment and the definitive surgical correction, reparing the cardiac defects. The most used is the palliative surgical treatment, creating systemic-pulmonar shunt. The most famous surgical method is the Blalock-Taussig surgery, when the surgeon creates a communication between the aorta and pulmonary artery, using the left subclavian artery.

Alterações nas concentrações séricas de glicose, sódio, potássio, uréia e creatinina, em eqüinos submetidos a provas de enduro de 30km com velocidade controlada

Some plasmatic biochemical parameters of equines submitted to an endurance race of 30km, with controled speed between 12 to 14km/h, taken place at State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, were studied. Forty five adult equines (4 to 10 years old) were used. They were divided into three groups, according to the breed features: group I: 15 Arabian animals; group II: 15 Mangalarga animals; group III: 15 mixed breed animals. Each group was constituted by 11 males and 4 females. Blood samples were collected in three different times: before the race, 20 to 30 minutes and 80 to 90 minutes after the race, with the animal resting. Seric values of potassium, glucose and creatinine were similar in all groups but there was statistical significant differences according to time collection. Concerning to sodium, all groups showed a variation statistically significcant but the Arabian equines presented a different variation pattern from the other two groups. All groups showed the same variation pattern for seric urea but significant differences for seric urea levels were observed between Mangalarga and mixed breed animals.

Hematological values of Cebus apella anesthetized with ketamine

Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 124 macacos-prego (Cebus apella) da Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sao Paulo, anestesiados com quetamina (10 mg/kg, IM), com a finalidade de determinar os seguintes parâmetros hematologicos: contagens globais de hemacias e leucocitos, contagem diferencial de leucocitos, hematocrito, hemoglobina e indices hematimetricos (VCM, HCM e CHCM), expressos em media e desvio padrao. Estudou-se a influencia do sexo e da idade sobre os referidos parâmetros.

Electrocardiographic Parameters of Captive Lions (Panthera leo) and Tigers (Panthera tigris) Immobilized with Ketamine Plus Xylazine

Abstract Twenty-seven healthy captive lions (Panthera leo) and 13 healthy captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from São Paulo Zoo (Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil) collection were selected for this study. They were anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg) combined with xylazine (1–2 mg/kg) for physical examinations, hematologic and serum chemical analysis and electrocardiogram recording. The main aim of this research was to gather initial information about normal electrocardiographic parameters of large felids. Standard P-QRS-T deflections on leads described for domestic carnivores were analyzed, and they did not greatly differ from those of large felids, taking into account the greater weight and corporal mass of large felids. Heart rate of lions ranged from 42 to 76 beats per minute (bpm). Heart rate of tigers ranged from 56 to 97 bpm. In both species, the most common rhythm detected was normal sinus rhythm followed by sinus arrhythmia; wandering pacemaker was also observed with normal sinus rhythm or sinus arrhythmia. Mean electrical axis lay between +60° and +120°. QRS complexes were predominantly positive in leads DI, DII, DIII, and AVF, and negative in AVR and AVL. This study provides insights into normal electrocardiograms of large felids. Wider investigations on the same subject are necessary to establish criteria for the recognition of abnormalities in these species and should include other anesthetic drug(s) combinations and reports of electrocardiographic features of animals with cardiac disease and electrolytes disturbances.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS OF CAPTIVE TUFTED CAPUCHINS (CEBUS APELLA) UNDER CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION

This study presents the electrocardiogram findings from 97 captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) at the São Paulo Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil) while under ketamine anesthesia. The results did not differ greatly from data of domestic carnivores or other studied primate species. The most common rhythm recorded was normal sinus rhythm, followed by normal sinus rhythm with wandering pacemaker. Electrical axis varied from 0 degrees to -150 degrees but was most commonly between +60 degrees and +90 degrees. QRS complexes were predominantly positive in leads DI, DII, DIII, and AVF. These findings allow for the recognition of abnormal rhythms in these primate species and can contribute to future investigations into the cardiovascular diseases routinely diagnosed in primates and humans.

Parâmetros ecocardiográficos em modo unidimensional de cães da raca Poodle miniatura, clinicamente sadios

In Brazil, the canine population of the Poodle, mainly the Miniature variation, grows in geometric progression, beeing this breed frequently affected by congenital and adquired cardiopathies. The main objective of this study was the standardization and evaluation of the echocardiographic parameters in unidimensional (M) mode, from clinically normal Miniature Poodle dogs. Thirthy Miniature Poodle dogs, 09 males and 21 females ageing between 2 and 7 years old (3.87±1.55), and weight varying from 2.0 to 8.7 kilogram (4.49±1.38) were studied. To be included in this study, physical exam, hemogram, biochemical profile, urinalysis, detection of circulating microfilaries as well as ELISA test for Dirofilaria immitis, electrocardiographic, radiographic exams and meansurement of the blood pressure were performed. After the analysis of obtained echocardiographic results, reference values for the echocardiographic data, in healthy Miniature Poodle dogs, were determined. The statistical analysis also showed that factors, as weight and height, may have some influence on the echocardiographic parameters.

Aspectos radiográficos da doença valvar crônica

The radiographic examination is one of the most applied diagnostic method in chronic valvular disease, evaluating the cardiac silhouette and/or lung abnormalities. The radiographic cardiac image can be measured by the “vertebral heart size” system, proposed by BUCHANAN and BUCHELER (1995). Seventy dogs who presented murmur on auscultation, symptomatic or not, were studied, and the radiographic examination of them were evaluated by the “VHS” method. Clinical and radiographic findings were compared, indicating that the worse the severity of symptoms the higher the probability of finding cardiomegaly in radiographies. Besides, the higher the murmur intensity the more often the radiographic signs of cardiomegaly were observed.

Valores de referência das provas de funções hepática, renal e de alguns eletrólitos em Cebus apella, anestesiados com cetamina

Blood serum samples obtained from 127 Capuchin monkeys, anesthetized with ketamine, were analysed. Hepatic function tests (total protein, albumin, glucose, bilirrubins and enzimatic activity of ALT, AST and ALP), renal function tests (urea and creatinine), and some electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and inorganic phosphorus) were quantified. Differences related to sex and age were studied. Among the hepatic function tests, the values of ALP and ALT were higher in the young animals, while the levels of AST were higher in the young males when compared to adult males. The albumin parameters were more elevated in adult males and females than in young males and the total protein showed higher in adult females. In relation to the renal function tests, the levels of creatinine were more elevated in adult males and the urea were more elevated in young males than in adult animals. Chloride were higher in young females while sodium showed more elevated in adult males than young females.

Avaliação dos fluxos das valvas aórtica e pulmonar com ecocardiografia Doppler pulsátil em cães clinicamente sadios

This study evaluated aortic (AO) and pulmonary (Pul) valves flow with pulsed-wave Doppler by qualitative (presence of valvar insufficiency and characteristic of flow profile) and quantitative analysis, and the following echocardiographic parameters were obtained: peak (PV) and mean (MV) velocities, velocity-time integral (VTI), acceleration (AT) and ejection (ET) time. Thirty dogs were studied, and to be considered normal, physical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic (uni and bidimensional mode) exams, thoracic radiography, and measurement of the blood pressure were accomplished, and the following echocardiographic parameters were obtained: AO PV= 1.22± 19.38m/s; AO MV= 0.72± 0.08m/s; AO VTI= 0.14± 0.02m; AO AT= 38.80± 11.29ms; AO ET= 197.90± 24.77ms; Pul PV= 0.95± 0.18m/s; Pul MV= 0.63± 0.10m/s; Pul VTI= 0.13± 0.02m; Pul AT= 70.97± 18.87ms; Pul ET= 203.70± 28.98ms. Heart rate presented negative correlation with AO VTI, AO ET, Pul VTI, Pul AT, Pul ET, and the variable weight had positive correlation with AO VTI, AO AT, AO ET, Pul VTI, Pul ET, differently from the gender, that had no influence on the evaluated parameters. The comparison of aortic and pulmonary valves flow demonstrated AO PV and AO MV higher than Pul PV and Pul MV, respectively, AO VTI higher than Pul VTI, and Pul AT higher than AO AT.

Padronização de parâmetros ecocardiográficos de cães da raça Golden Retriever clinicamente sadios

The Duchennes muscular dystrophy (DMD) in humans is a recessive X-linked neuromuscular disease, caused either by the absence or dysfunction of the dystrophin. Clinically it is characterized by severe alteration in the skeletal musculature, resulting in precocious death of the affected patient. In Golden Retriever dogs, the mutation that determines the muscular dystrophy occurs spontaneously and the extensive homology among the pathogenesis of DMD and of Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy allows to qualify the dog as the main substitute of humans in the clinical tests of new therapies. The deficient myocardium in dystrophin is more vulnerable to the pressure overload, and the patients with DMD can develop dilated cardiomyopathy as well as arterial hypertension; in echocardiography, diastolic function abnormalities are verified and systolic inadequacy can be observed in some old patients. In the present study, 41 healthy Golden Retriever dogs were evaluated by echocardiographic exam with the purpose to obtain parameters for the standardization of these cardiovascular characteristics in the refered breed, what hereafter can be used as reference in the identification of bearer or affected dogs by muscular dystrophy.