Maria Janete Moya

Associação entre paracoccidioidomicose e alcoolismo

A associacao entre alcoolismo e paracoccidioidomicose foi avaliada pelo metodo de caso-controle, comparando-se o habito de ingestao etilica de 70 doentes com o de outros 70 pacientes hospitalizados por razoes diversas e pareados por sexo e idade. Os participantes foram interrogados de maneira padronizada sobre a quantidade, tipo e periodicidade da ingestao de bebidas alcoolicas, duracao do consumo e tambem sobre manifestacoes de abuso e/ou dependencia do alcool. Na forma cronica da micose foi observada proporcao significativamente maior de doentes com ingestao media de alcool acima de 60 ml/dia (50,0% x 30,0%) e com preferencia por aguardente de cana (89,4% x 68,3%) em relacao ao grupo controle, alem dos grandes bebedores (>100 ml/dia) mostrarem tendencia de reativacao da doenca durante ou apos seu tratamento. Na forma aguda/subaguda da paracoccidioidomicose verificou-se que 64,3% dos consumidores de bebidas alcoolicas ja haviam tido um ou mais episodios de embriaguez etilica, versus 17,6% no grupo controle. Os dados sugerem que o alcoolismo seja fator predisponente da paracoccidioidomicose e talvez possa prejudicar sua cura, principalmente da forma cronica da infeccao.

Primary aspergilloma and subacute invasive aspergillosis in two AIDS patients

Although uncommon, invasive aspergillosis in the setting of AIDS is important because of its peculiar clinical presentation and high lethality. This report examines two AIDS patients with a history of severe cellular immunosuppression and previous neutropenia, who developed subacute invasive aspergillosis. One female patient developed primary lung aspergilloma, with dissemination to the mediastinum, vertebrae, and spine, which was fatal despite antifungal treatment. The second patient, who had multiple cavitary brain lesions, and eye and lung involvement, recovered following voriconazole and itraconazole, and drugs for increasing neutrophil and CD4+ lymphocyte levels. These cases demonstrate the importance of Aspergillus infections following neutropenia in AIDS patients, and emphasize the need for early and effective antifungal therapy.

Complexo primário da paracoccidioidomicose e hipereosinofilia

Primary infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has rarely been observed. A 28-year-old male patient presented with a three-month history of fever, respiratory symptoms and malaise. Chest X-rays revealed bilateral apical infiltrates, right pleuritis and hilar lymphadenomegaly. The patient presented with leukocytosis, severe eosinophilia and increasing titers of anti-P. brasiliensis antibodies in serum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the primary pulmonary lymph node complex of paracoccidioidomycosis accompanied by hypereosinophilia and affecting a previously healthy adult.

Hipogamaglobulinemia como fator de risco para infecção por Cryptococcus neoformans: a propósito de dois casos

Two HIV-seronegative patients with cryptococcal disease refractory to conventional antifungal therapy were submitted to an evaluation of the immune system. Hypogammaglobulinemia was found in both and associated with abnormal function of cell-mediated immunity. Hypogammaglobulinemia is considered as a possible predisposing factor for cryptococcal infection. The importance of the antibodies on the control of Cryptococcus neoformans infection is discussed.

Hypogammaglobulinemia as predisposing factor for Cryptococcus neoformans infection: regarding two cases

Two HIV-seronegative patients with cryptococcal disease refractory to conventional antifungal therapy were submitted to an evaluation of the immune system. Hypogammaglobulinemia was found in both and associated with abnormal function of cell-mediated immunity. Hypogammaglobulinemia is considered as a possible predisposing factor for cryptococcal infection. The importance of the antibodies on the control of Cryptococcus neoformans infection is discussed.

A DECADE TREND OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

SUMMARY The aim of this retrospective study was to review all the notified cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in São Paulo State (Brazil), as well as to describe and discuss the clinical, microbiological and radiologic aspects in a single reference center, within the same state, from 2000 to 2012. There were 1,097 notifications of MDR-TB in São Paulo State over this period, 70% affecting men aged on average 38 years (10-77). There was a significant fall in the MDR-TB mortality rate from 30% to 8% (2000-2003 versus 2009-2012). The same trend was observed in the cases studied at the reference center. The number of notified cases increased and death rate reduced from 37.5% (2000-2005) to 3.4% (2006-2012). Among the 48 drug-resistant TB cases, 17 non-tuberculous Mycobacteria were isolated in the sputum culture of nine patients, without any clinical significance. TB and fungus co-infection was diagnosed in 15% (7/48) of these cases: three with confirmed chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and four with positive serological markers for paracoccidioidomycosis. Overall, the reports show that MDR-TB diagnosis and cure rates have increased, while the mortality rate has decreased significantly in São Paulo State including in the studied reference center.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in HCV/HIV coinfected patients during treatment with pegylated alpha-2a interferon plus ribavirin

Two cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia that occurred during the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated alpha-2a interferon and ribavirin, in HIV coinfected patients, are presented and described. The late occurrence (after six months of therapy) of this severe hemolytic anemia leads to the recommendation that hemoglobin levels should be monitored throughout the treatment period, even among patients who presented stable hemoglobin levels in the preceding months.

Hypogammaglobulinemia as predisposing factor for Cryptococcus neoformans infection: report of two cases.

Two HIV-seronegative patients with cryptococcal disease refractory to conventional antifungal therapy were submitted to an evaluation of the immune system. Hypogammaglobulinemia was found in both and associated with abnormal function of cell-mediated immunity. Hypogammaglobulinemia is considered as a possible predisposing factor for cryptococcal infection. The importance of the antibodies on the control of Cryptococcus neoformans infection is discussed.