Maria João Guia

The object of memory and the memory of the object: refugee crisis in the news on September 2nd 2015.

This article aims to contribute on reflecting about the strict relation between an object (an image) and the memory, particularly regarding the memory in the news on September 2nd 2015 about the refugee crisis. Every year, Porto Editora (a Portuguese press company) holds a survey with ten words in order to elect the word of the year, and, for 2015, the elected one was “Refugees” (Palavra do Ano, 2015); this would be one more evidence of the impact of this issue in the news. The photo of a dead Syrian child on a beach in Turkey has become one of the most striking images of the refugee crisis in 2015. Curiously, Muerte a las puertas del paraiso (Death on paradise’s gates) was the headline exactly fifteen years ago, on September 2nd 2000, when photojournalist Javier Bauluz caught the image of a dead immigrant who tried to cross illegally, facing down the sand on a beach in Spain. In both cases, could we say the image overcomes the news? Which one is to be considered the object of the memory: the refugee crisis itself or the image of the dead Syrian child as an icon of this crisis? The theoretical framework stands on a threefold argument: 1. Object, memory and discourse; 2. The memory of the news; 3. Europe, migration and refugee crisis. Finally, two interviews were undertaken (as part of the pilot study) in order to verify if the memory of the object were sufficient enough to turn it into the object of the memory, as well as, whether one’s memory were somehow relevant to establish a collective memory.

The frequency of the subject “trafficking of people” in master’s dissertations and doctoral thesis available in the “estudo geral da UC” (2006-2016)

O Estudo Geral e o repositorio digital da Universidade de Coimbra. Ligado ao SIBUC, permite uma maior visibilidade da producao cientifica da de seus investigadores. Este artigo tem por principal objetivo verificar a frequencia do tema “Trafico de Pessoas” em Dissertacoes de Mestrado e teses de Doutoramento depositadas no Estudo Geral entre 2006 e 2016. Assim, pretende responder as perguntas de investigacao: 1. Qual a frequencia do tema “Trafico de Pessoas” em Dissertacoes de Mestrado e Teses de Doutoramento depositadas no Estudo Geral da UC entre 2006 e 2016?; 2. O que e possivel inferir acerca do interesse cientifico pelo tema a partir das frequencias de Dissertacoes de Mestrado e Teses de Doutoramento depositadas no Estudo Geral? Adotando uma abordagem quantitativa quanto ao tipo/metodo, explicativa quanto aos objetivos e descritiva quanto aos procedimentos, procedeu-se a pesquisa da frequencia do tema trafico de pessoas, em Dissertacoes de Mestrado e Teses de Doutoramento (2006-2016). Como resultado verificou -se um numero reduzido de trabalhos, foram consultados o catalogo da BGUC e RCAAP, os quais tambem apresentaram poucos trabalhos, indicando um baixo interesse pelo tema.

As Políticas Europeias para a imigração e asilo: o caso português

Resumo O objetivo do presente artigo e abordar a genese e evolucao das politicas europeias na area da imigracao. Num segundo momento, conceder uma enfase especial a realidade portuguesa, no âmbito da transposicao de algumas diretivas comunitarias para o ordenamento juridico portugues. Palavras-chave: Uniao Europeia; Politicas Europeias, Migracao, Asilo; Diretivas Comunitarias; Portugal

A INSUSTENTÁVEL RESPOSTA DA “CRIMIGRAÇÃO” FACE À IRREGULARIDADE DOS MIGRANTES: UMA PERSPETIVA DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA

The “irregular” legal status of immigrants when entering and continuing in a certain country is a decision of each State, which may choose to criminalize and forbid these actions or to integrate and “regularize” them, allowing access to (some) of the nationals’ rights. In the last few years, several states of the United State shave chosen a public policy of “crimmigration”, converging criminal law and immigration law, aiming at punishing and deporting immigrants “defined” as irregular. In Europe, “crimmigration” policies, legislations, and practices, transplanted from the United States, have also been recently implemented. However, countries like Portugal moderately accept this tendency, still preferring the inclusion and legislation of “permanent regularization” of immigrants.

Forced Sex, Chosen Sex: Risk, Trafficking, and Prostitution in Portugal

Feminine prostitution is an activity often associated both with international migration and criminal practices. In Portugal and in several other Western European countries, the proportion of foreign women among sex professionals clearly exceeds the proportion of foreigners in the resident populations. Actually, in some cities, the majority of female prostitutes are foreign citizens (Indoors, Indoor sex work. Autres Regards, Marseille, 2010), in several cases in an irregular situation. This leads to the second issue dealt with in this chapter—the direct and indirect links between prostitution, illegal activities, and crime. In most Western European countries, prostitution in itself is not a crime, but sexual exploitation and pimping are. In addition, trafficking for sexual exploitation is consensually classified as a crime that involves “coercive” or “deceived” migration, often associated with threat, fraud, and violence. Focusing our analysis on this triple link between international migration, prostitution, and criminality, we frame it within the notion of risk; the key idea behind the article assumes that prostitution, particularly when it involves foreigners, is always a “risky business” (Kindler M, A risky business? Ukrainian migrant women in Warsaw’s domestic work sector. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2012), whether it is assumed by choice or as a consequence of trafficking. The notion of risk stems not only from the unattended negative consequences of trafficking and other criminal activities but also from the higher exposure to verbal and physical violence (from pimps, clients, and other society members), family tension and exclusion, or health problems.