Maria Lenise Silva Guedes

Fatty Acid Esters of Triterpenes from Erythroxylum passerinum

O extrato hexânico das folhas de Erythroxylum passerinum alem de sitosterol, β-amirina, lupeol e eritrodiol, forneceu palmitato de β-amirina, palmitato de 3β,28-diidroxi-olean-12-enila (eritrodiol); palmitato de 3β,11β-diidroxi-olean-12-enila; palmitato de 3β-hidroxi-11-oxo-olean-12-enila e palmitato de 3β-hidroxi-11,12-epoxi-friedoolean-14-enila. As estruturas das substâncias foram estabelecidas atraves da analise dos seus dados espectrometricos, bem como de seus derivados transesterificados, utilizando-se tecnicas de RMN de 1H e de 13C, infravermelho e espectrometria de massas.

Horizontal stratification of the sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transitional vegetation between caatinga and tropical rain forest, state of Bahia, Brazil

A study about the horizontal stratification of the sand fly fauna in two distinct ecosystems, caatinga area, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, and the tropical rain forest area, endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, was performed in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Lutzomyia longipalpis was predominant in the caatinga, and following it came the species L. capixaba and L. oswaldoi. In the tropical rain forest other species were found, such as L. intermedia, L. migonei, L. whitmani, L. yuilli, L.fischeri, L. damascenoi, L. evandroi, L. monticola, and L. lenti. It was found that the geographical limits of the vector species of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are clearly defined by the biological and phytogeographic characteristics.

Chromosome numbers in Bromeliaceae

Este trabalho apresenta o numero de cromossomos de 17 especies de Bromeliaceae, pertencentes aos generos Encholirium, Bromelia, Orthophytum, Hohenbergia, Billbergia, Neoglaziovia, Aechmea, Cryptanthus e Ananas. A maioria tem cariotipo 2n = 50, mas Bromelia laciniosa, Orthophytum burle-marxii e O. maracasense sao poliploides com 2n = 150, 100 e 150, respectivamente, enquanto Cryptanthus bahianus tem 2n = 34 + 1-4B. Cromossomos B foram observados tambem em Bromelia plumieri e Hohenbergia aff. utriculosa. O numero de cromossomos de todas as especies foi determinado pela primeira vez, exceto para Billbergia chlorosticta e Cryptanthus bahianus. Os dados obtidos reforcam a hipotese de um numero basico x = 25 para a familia Bromeliaceae e aneuploidia decrescente no genero Cryptanthus.

Seasonal variation and antimicrobial activity of Myrcia myrtifolia essential oils

This work reports the seasonal variation of the composition of leaf volatile oils and the composition of volatile oils from flowers and fruits of Myrcia myrtifolia DC harvested in the sand dunes of Salvador, Bahia, northeastern region of Brazil between 2002 and 2003. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS so that 28 components were identified. a-Pinene was predominant in a range from 61.5 to 90.9% in all samples analyzed. The leaf oil collected in October 2002 had their antimicrobial properties tested against six bacteria, two yeasts and five filamentous fungi being active against Staphylococcus aureus, methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus, and showed strongest activity against Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum. The oil displayed moderate toxicity against Artemia salina showing a LC50 of 479.16 µg mL-1.

Lignanas e triterpenos do extrato citotóxico de Eriope blanchetii

This phytochemical study performed with the cytotoxic chloroformic extract of Eriope blanchetii (Benth.) Harley was the first work with this species and describes from aerial parts the isolation of two lignans of podophylotoxin type named b-peltatin and a-peltatin. Besides them it was obtained four triterpenes; oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, 2a,3b-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-olic acid, 2a,3b,19a-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-olic acid, named tormentic acid and 3b-glucosyl-sitosterol. The compounds were identified by analysis of their spectral data.

Variação sazonal da composição do óleo essencial de Myrcia salzmannii Berg. (Myrtaceae)

This work report the seasonal variation of composition of the volatile oils from leaves and from flowers of Myrcia salzmannii harvested in the sand dunes of Salvador, Bahia, northeastern region of Brazil in the years 2001 and 2003. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS being identified 49 components. Nine essential oil samples of leaves collected on different months and years and one sample of flowers were analyzed. β-Caryophyllene and α-humulene were the only compounds present in all of the samples being the first the majority compound.

A new biphenyl from Clusia melchiorii and a new tocotrienol from C. obdeltifolia

Chromatographic purification of the dichloromethane extract of Clusia melchiorii trunk leading to the isolation of a new biphenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxi-7-phenylchromene, along with the known compounds 2,2-dimethyl-5,10-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione (xyloidone), betulinic acid, friedelin, friedelinol, euphol, sitostenone, stigmastenone and a mixture of b-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The hexane extract of Clusia obdeltifolia trunk yielded, after chromatographic fractionation, a new d-tocotrienilic alcohol 2Z, 6E, 10E-13-(6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,2-chromenyl)-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6, 10-tridecatrien-1-ol, along with 2Z and 2E-d-tocotrienoloic acids, betulinic acid, betulonic acid, betunilic aldehyde, glutinol, friedelin, sitostenone and a mixture of b-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Their structures were determined from spectral data and comparison with data from previously reported compounds.

Flavonóides, norisoprenóides e outros terpenos das Folhas de Tapirira guianensis

From hexane fraction of methanol extract of leaves of Tapirira guianensis (Anacardiaceae) were obtained lupeol, 24-methylenecycloartan-3-ol, phytol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, sitosterol, sitostenone, glycosyl sitosterol, as well as sitosterol esterified with palmitic and stearic acids. Phytol, α-amyrin and β-amyrin esterified with fatty acids were also identified from same extract. The EtOAc extract besides the norisoprenoids (6S,7E,9S)-6,9-dihydroxy-megastigma-4,7-dien -3-one 9-O-β-glucopyranoside and (6S,7E,9R)-6,9-dihydroxy-megastigma-4,7-dien-3-one 9-O-β-glucopyranoside also afforded kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, and kaempferol. The structural elucidation of isolated compounds were based on UV, IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR data analysis.

A new biphenyl and antimicrobial activity of extracts and compounds from Clusia burlemarxii

Phytochemical investigation on Clusia burlemarxii (Clusiaceae) led to isolation and identification of nine compounds. Were isolated from leaves 3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosylquercetin, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylkaempferol, 4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one, 2Z-δ-tocotrienoloic acid and friedelin and were isolated from trunk betulinic acid, protocatechuic acid, lyoniresinol, and a new biphenyl 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromane. The structures were determined by ¹H, ¹³C-NMR, DEPT, HMBC, HMQC, HRESIMS. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium cladosporioides was also determined. Extracts and compounds showed significant activity against tested Gram-positive bacteria, none activity against tested Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.

Chromosome numbers for Anthurium and Philodendron spp. (Araceae) occurring in Bahia, Brazil

Chromosome numbers for four species of Anthurium and four species of Philodendron from Bahia, Brazil, were determined. New counts 2n = 30 for A. longipes and A. affine, 2n = 32 for P. pedatum and 2n = 34 P. blanchetianum and P. pachyphyllum represent the first reports for these species. The 2n = 32 found for P. imbe and 2n = 90 for A. bellum differ from earlier reports, whereas 2n = 30 and 60 for A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum confirms previous counts. A. affine had one to four B-chromosomes. We suggest secondary base numbers x = 15 for Anthurium and x = 16, 17 and 18 for Philodendron, produced by hybridizations and duplications involving the primary base numbers x = 7, 8 and 9.