María Luisa Humanes

Modeling perceived professional autonomy in Chilean journalism

Based on a survey of 570 Chilean new media journalists, this article examines how they perceive autonomy in their everyday work, the importance they give to autonomy as a professional value, as well as the factors that influence their perceived editorial freedom. The results show that Chilean journalists acknowledge a high level of freedom in making news decisions, but that their conception of autonomy follows two different paths: while the importance given to autonomy is related to the profession’s ideal of public service, their satisfaction with editorial freedom fits into a pragmatic context, associated with their professional and job development. The results also reveal that the factors that better predict professional autonomy are having an editorial position within the media, the assignment of a news beat, perceived political and organizational influences, and the media’s political orientation and geographical location. Economic factors, meanwhile, do not have any direct effect on the journalists’ perceptions.

The Pre-Socialization of Future Journalists: An examination of journalism students' professional views in seven countries

While the role of university journalism education in the professionalization of journalists has been extensively debated, systematic and comparative studies of journalism students are still scarce. This paper reports the findings from a comparative study of journalism students in seven countries: Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. The data show a number of similarities, but also important differences between pre-professional cultures in journalism around the world. The findings are in line with recent conceptualizations of media systems, although some variations and particularities are observed at the country level. While students in all countries reject a loyal approach and favor a citizen-oriented role, they also do so to different extents. Brazilian and Chilean students believe in the citizen-oriented and watchdog roles, whereas their counterparts in Australia, Switzerland, and the United States favor the consumer-oriented approach to a greater extent. Mexican and Spanish students, on the other hand, while supporting the citizen-oriented role, reject the loyal role comparatively less than the rest of the countries.

Journalism Students’ Motivations and Expectations of Their Work in Comparative Perspective

Based on a survey of 4,393 journalism students in Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States, this study provides much-needed comparative evidence about students’ motivations for becoming journalists, their future job plans, and expectations. Findings show not only an almost universal decline in students’ desire to work in journalism by the end of their program but also important national differences in terms of the journalistic fields in which they want to work, as well as their job expectations. The results reinforce the need to take into account national contexts when examining journalism education across the globe.

The Use of Objective and Analytical Reporting as a Method of Professional Work A Cross-Longitudinal Study of Chilean Political Coverage

Based on a cross-longitudinal content analysis of 3,624 political news stories published by Chilean national newspapers between 1990 and 2010, this study analyzes the changes and patterns in the reporting styles of the political press by examining the value of objective and analytical reporting used by professional journalists. The study presents empirical evidence on how journalists justify truth claims in political news and how journalistic performance has evolved in a post-dictatorial regime setting. The results show that objective reporting is more common than analytical reporting for both the popular and the elite press. However, although the Chilean traditional press assume objectivity as a criterion of good journalism, they reinterpret its meaning in practice. Specifically, the findings show that the use of analytical reporting has significantly increased in political coverage. The absence of formal separation between facts and opinions in the Chilean case confirms the global tendency toward more partisan journalism, especially in journalistic contexts closer to the “polarized pluralist” model. The differences in the use of objective and analytical reporting between the popular and the elite press do not show a clear pattern.

Pluralismo y paralelismo político en la información televisiva en España

Introduccion: El articulo se articula en dos objetivos generales. En primer lugar se intenta verificar si la informacion televisiva de las cadenas generalistas se rige por el dominio del pluralismo externo como caracteristica distintiva del sistema de medios pluralista-polarizado, tal como han expuesto Hallin y Mancini. El segundo proposito se centra mas especificamente en abordar la relacion entre pluralismo y paralelismo politico. Metodologia: Se ha realizado un analisis de contenido a una muestra de 3.134 noticias de los noticiarios prime time de seis cadenas de television de cobertura estatal: TVE1, Antena 3, Telecinco, La Sexta, Cuatro e Intereconomia. Resultados: Los resultados demuestran respecto al pluralismo que el modelo televisivo espanol es un modelo hibrido en el que coexisten diferentes gradaciones de pluralismo interno y externo en funcion del perfil de la cadena y de la estrategia de negocio del grupo de comunicacion. Los informativos de la television publica reflejan los mayores niveles de pluralismo interno.

Valoración de los estudiantes sobre la enseñanza del Periodismo en España

The paper presents the results of a survey with a sample of 1,552 journalism students from five public universities during the academic year 2011-12. The research addresses two objectives: how students evaluate the journalism studies and to know if they believe the studies are necessary to purpose of exercising the profession. The results indicate that most students believe appropriate the journalism studies, but almost but almost 25% considered them unnecessary. Students assess the quality of the training received in schools with an approved. There has been a multiple linear regression to find which variables explain this evaluation. The most influential is the course you are enrolled, followed by functions that respondents give to faculties. The paper presents the advantage of working with data from the largest sample used so far, which also includes all courses and the first promotions of students in the undergraduate studies according to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). It can be a valuable starting point for further researchs to make decisions on the academic. The study is part of the Sudents Journalism Project with journalism students in seven countries: Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland and the United States.El articulo presenta los resultados de una encuesta realizada a una muestra de 1.552 estudiantes de Periodismo de cinco universidades publicas durante el curso 2011-12. La investigacion aborda dos objetivos: conocer la valoracion de los estudiantes respecto a la titulacion y averiguar si consideran necesarios los estudios de Periodismo para ejercer la profesion. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes creen apropiados los estudios de Periodismo, pero casi una cuarta parte los considera innecesarios. Los estudiantes valoran la calidad de la formacion recibida en las facultades con un aprobado, por debajo de la opinion de la mayoria de los estudiantes de los otros paises del estudio. Se ha realizado una regresion lineal multiple para encontrar que variables explican dicha valoracion; la mas influyente es el curso matriculado, seguida de las funciones que los encuestados otorgan a las facultades. El trabajo presenta la virtud de haber contado con datos a partir de la mayor muestra utilizada hasta el momento, que ademas incluye todos los cursos y datos para las primeras promociones de alumnos de Grado segun el Espacio Europeo de En senanza Superior (EEES). Puede ser un punto de partida valioso para posteriores estudios que permitan tomar decisiones a los responsables academicos. El estudio forma parte del «Journalism Students Proyect» con estudiantes de Periodismo de Australia, Brasil, Chile, Mexico, Espana, Suiza y Estados Unidos.

Hábitos y consumos televisivos de la generación digital desde la perspectiva de los usos y gratificaciones. Estudio de caso en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Since the Uses and Gratifications theory, the aim of this article is to compare habits and reasons of the youth television consumption on the traditional screen and on the Internet. Using a survey applied to a sample of 213 students from first to third of undergraduate degrees in social sciences of the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos in Madrid, we will analyse their habits of consumption in the two platforms, which are their television preferred formats as well as their reasons for exposure to know which platform will provide them a greater gratification. Among the main results found, the conventional television continues to be the favorite for a generation that still hasn´t completed the transition to the digital environment and the consumption is still individual in the two types of media analyzed. Those are individuals who make a multitasking television consumption and that viewing it does not reduce their time dedicated to other activities, who decline toward television by Internet for its characteristics rather than by its offer and to conventional one because they want to entertain themselves, be informed and learn.

El efecto agenda sobre los temas de campaña en las elecciones generales de 2008

During election campaigns the agenda setting effect is of particular interest because the media are a privileged channel for the information about the can- didates. We studied the transfer of importance on the campaign issues in the 2008 elections in Spain. We used a logistic regression with the post-election survey data from CIS to explain the agenda setting effect. The results confirm that the information consumption is not the only factor by giving salience to issues, but act together with other constraints related to the individual?s life experience.

Do digital platforms really make a difference in content? Mapping journalistic role performance in Chilean print and online news

Previous research has largely explored the differences and similarities between print and digital media in terms of news cycles and specific content characteristics. However, fewer studies have add...

The influence of journalistic role performance on objective reporting: A comparative study of Chilean, Mexican, and Spanish news:

Most comparative research on journalistic objectivity, and particularly the relation between objectivity and professional roles, has been carried out in the context of Western media systems and from the perspective of journalists’ role conceptions. However, the relation between role performance and the implementation of the objectivity norm remains unsolved, especially in countries with no clear-cut journalistic tradition of objectivity. Based on a content analysis of news stories published in Chile, Mexico, and Spain (N = 7,868), this study examines (1) the use of four objective reporting methods in newspapers from Spain, Mexico, and Chile, and (2) the influence of the performance of six journalistic roles in those methods. The results show that the materialization of objectivity varies across journalistic cultures, revealing also a significant influence of the performance of professional roles on the implementation of objectivity in news. The study sheds some light on the implication of these results in countries expected to display similar traits due to their historical and cultural affinities but which show very distinctive patterns.