María Teresa Muñoz Quezada

Aspectos bioéticos en el control y aplicación de plaguicidas en Chile

In Chile, pest control substances selling and application is increasing, and although there are regulations about importation, commercialization, control and application, these are not effective in the regulation of their use by the population, mainly no occupational. Chilean Senate rejected a bill which prohibits the use of pest control substances considered highly dangerous worldly, what has led to strong claims of nongovernmental organizations and agricultural communities exposed to these toxics, highlighting errors in the legislation process for agro chemists and lack of information about effects and risks of toxicity, mainly chronic for those exposed to pest control substances. This study discuss the scarce bioethics concern by authorities and citizens about the effects being generated by pest control substances in the population and the environment, revealed in the continuity of commercialization and application of highly toxic pest control substances, and in the presence of pest control residues in vegetable products commercialize at national level.Bioethical aspects of control and application of pest control substances in Chile Abstract: In Chile, pest control substances selling and application is increasing, and although there are regulations about importation, commercialization, control and application, these are not effective in the regulation of their use by the population, mainly no occupational. Chilean Senate rejected a bill which prohibits the use of pest control substances considered highly dangerous worldly, what has led to strong claims of nongovernmental organizations and agricultural communities exposed to these toxics, highlighting errors in the legislation process for agro chemists and lack of information about effects and risks of toxicity, mainly chronic for those exposed to pest control substances. This study discuss the scarce bioethics concern by authorities and citizens about the effects being generated by pest control substances in the population and the environment, revealed in the continuity of commer- cialization and application of highly toxic pest control substances, and in the presence of pest control residues in vegetable products commercialize at national level.

An index to quantify individual social responsibility in the decision to be vaccinated

In the context of generic infectious disease studies, the aim of this paper is to quantify and represent the individual social responsibility based on whether or not a single individual is vaccinated. Although the objective of this study is merely educational the approach implemented is based on a classical mathematical model named S.I.R. (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) using an impulsive vaccination strategy. Dates of vaccination and fraction of individuals vaccinated are used as parameters. In addition, numerical simulations are conducted to represent the outcomes regarding the reduction of infected cases through tables and graphs.

Legal and bioethical issues of interventions and research in persons with intellectual disability in Chile

El trabajo presenta una revision y discusion de los aspectos legales y eticos que protegen a los sujetos con discapacidad intelectual en la participacion de investigaciones o intervenciones terapeuticas en Chile, ademas de reflexionar sobre situaciones de diagnostico y tratamiento que generan conflicto respecto de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Los temas especificos se vinculan con la decision autonoma y capacidad en el consentimiento informado, los derechos de las personas con discapacidad intelectual, la evaluacion de la capacidad y la reflexion sobre algunos dilemas bioeticos en el tratamiento y evaluacion de la discapacidad intelectual. Se propone reconocer el derecho de las personas con discapacidad intelectual a decidir por si mismos y ser reconocidos en igualdad de oportunidades y derechos, desarrollar procedimientos y protocolos para la evaluacion de la capacidad estandarizados y adaptados a la diversidad cultural del pais, y que cuidadores, familiares y profesionales consideren no solo las normativas frente a la investigacion y tratamiento, sino tambien la opinion y decision de las personas con discapacidad, e informarles en que consisten dichas experiencias, considerando sus caracteristicas individuales.

Aspectos legales y bioéticos de intervenciones e investigaciones en personas con discapacidad intelectual en Chile

El trabajo presenta una revision y discusion de los aspectos legales y eticos que protegen a los sujetos con discapacidad intelectual en la participacion de investigaciones o intervenciones terapeuticas en Chile, ademas de reflexionar sobre situaciones de diagnostico y tratamiento que generan conflicto respecto de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Los temas especificos se vinculan con la decision autonoma y capacidad en el consentimiento informado, los derechos de las personas con discapacidad intelectual, la evaluacion de la capacidad y la reflexion sobre algunos dilemas bioeticos en el tratamiento y evaluacion de la discapacidad intelectual. Se propone reconocer el derecho de las personas con discapacidad intelectual a decidir por si mismos y ser reconocidos en igualdad de oportunidades y derechos, desarrollar procedimientos y protocolos para la evaluacion de la capacidad estandarizados y adaptados a la diversidad cultural del pais, y que cuidadores, familiares y profesionales consideren no solo las normativas frente a la investigacion y tratamiento, sino tambien la opinion y decision de las personas con discapacidad, e informarles en que consisten dichas experiencias, considerando sus caracteristicas individuales.

Aspectos legais e bioéticos de intervenções e pesquisas em pessoas com descapacidade intelectual no Chile

El trabajo presenta una revision y discusion de los aspectos legales y eticos que protegen a los sujetos con discapacidad intelectual en la participacion de investigaciones o intervenciones terapeuticas en Chile, ademas de reflexionar sobre situaciones de diagnostico y tratamiento que generan conflicto respecto de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Los temas especificos se vinculan con la decision autonoma y capacidad en el consentimiento informado, los derechos de las personas con discapacidad intelectual, la evaluacion de la capacidad y la reflexion sobre algunos dilemas bioeticos en el tratamiento y evaluacion de la discapacidad intelectual. Se propone reconocer el derecho de las personas con discapacidad intelectual a decidir por si mismos y ser reconocidos en igualdad de oportunidades y derechos, desarrollar procedimientos y protocolos para la evaluacion de la capacidad estandarizados y adaptados a la diversidad cultural del pais, y que cuidadores, familiares y profesionales consideren no solo las normativas frente a la investigacion y tratamiento, sino tambien la opinion y decision de las personas con discapacidad, e informarles en que consisten dichas experiencias, considerando sus caracteristicas individuales.

Bioethical aspects of control and application of pest control substances in Chile

In Chile, pest control substances selling and application is increasing, and although there are regulations about importation, commercialization, control and application, these are not effective in the regulation of their use by the population, mainly no occupational. Chilean Senate rejected a bill which prohibits the use of pest control substances considered highly dangerous worldly, what has led to strong claims of nongovernmental organizations and agricultural communities exposed to these toxics, highlighting errors in the legislation process for agro chemists and lack of information about effects and risks of toxicity, mainly chronic for those exposed to pest control substances. This study discuss the scarce bioethics concern by authorities and citizens about the effects being generated by pest control substances in the population and the environment, revealed in the continuity of commercialization and application of highly toxic pest control substances, and in the presence of pest control residues in vegetable products commercialize at national level.Bioethical aspects of control and application of pest control substances in Chile Abstract: In Chile, pest control substances selling and application is increasing, and although there are regulations about importation, commercialization, control and application, these are not effective in the regulation of their use by the population, mainly no occupational. Chilean Senate rejected a bill which prohibits the use of pest control substances considered highly dangerous worldly, what has led to strong claims of nongovernmental organizations and agricultural communities exposed to these toxics, highlighting errors in the legislation process for agro chemists and lack of information about effects and risks of toxicity, mainly chronic for those exposed to pest control substances. This study discuss the scarce bioethics concern by authorities and citizens about the effects being generated by pest control substances in the population and the environment, revealed in the continuity of commer- cialization and application of highly toxic pest control substances, and in the presence of pest control residues in vegetable products commercialize at national level.