Mariana Batista Rodrigues Faleiro

Caracterização histomorfológica da atrofia inflamatória proliferativa na próstata canina

Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) is a premalignant prostatic change with high occurrence in human prostate and it has been recently observed in dogs. This research aimed to verify the morphologic aspects of the PIA in canine prostate. It was studied 43 glands of adult dogs of several breeds and sizes and with or without a history of prostatic disease. PIA focus was characterized by dysplastic epithelium, atrophic acini formed by several layers of cells with variable degrees of anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, reduced amount of cytoplasm and nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The epithelial changes were always accompanied by periacinar interstitial infiltrate composed of mononuclear cells, especially lymphocytes. The histomorphological evaluation showed occurrence of 65% of PIA. Out of these, 39% were PIA with discrete inflammatory infiltration, 42% PIA with moderate infiltrate and 19% PIA with marked infiltration. Thus, it was possible to characterize the PIA in the canine prostate which had high occurrence. The histomorphological characterization of canine PIA is considered of great importance because the premalignant characteristic of it have been studied in human prostate. The canine prostate can be used as an experimental model of human PIA, because the lesion is similar in both species.

Avaliação histológica da próstata de cães adultos sexualmente intactos

The prostates of 30 not castrated old dogs with or without clinical symptoms of prostatic disease were histologically evaluated. It was observed the incidence of possible changes in the gland. Among the changes, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was the most common diagnosis, accounting for 85.6% (n=24), followed by chronic prostatitis, 64.3% (n=18), dysplasia of the glandular epithelium, 42.8% (n=12), atrophy of the glandular epithelium, 39.3% (n=11), focal inflammatory infiltrate, 25% (n=7), focal glandular dilation, 21.4% (n=6), acute prostatitis, 7.1% (n=2), squamous metaplasia, 3.6% (n=1), metastasis of systemic neoplasia, 3.6% (n=1), and prostatic abscess, 3.6% (n=1). Because the lack of symptoms in most of dogs with prostatic changes, the specific clinic exams in routine, as rectal palpation and ultrasonography, are very important to early diagnosis and treatment of dogs with prostatic disease.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis presents metabolic reprogramming and secretes a serine proteinase during murine infection

ABSTRACT Paracoccidoides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii, the etiologic agents of paracoccidioidomycosis, cause disease in healthy and immunocompromised persons in Latin America. We developed a method for harvesting P. brasiliensis yeast cells from infected murine lung to facilitate in vivo transcriptional and proteomic profiling. P. brasiliensis harvested at 6 h post-infection were analyzed using RNAseq and LC-MSE. In vivo yeast cells had 594 differentially expressed transcripts and 350 differentially expressed proteins. Integration of transcriptional and proteomic data indicated that early in infection (6 h), P. brasiliensis yeast cells underwent a shift in metabolism from glycolysis to β-oxidation, upregulated detoxifying enzymes to defend against oxidative stress, and repressed cell wall biosynthesis. Bioinformatics and functional analyses also demonstrated that a serine proteinase was upregulated and secreted in vivo. To our knowledge this is the first study depicting transcriptional and proteomic data of P. brasiliensis yeast cells upon 6 h post-infection of mouse lung.

Óxido nítrico, GSTP-1 e p53: qual o papel desses biomarcadores nas lesões prostáticas do cão?

Confeccionou-se um microarranjo de tecido (TMA) com 146 amostras de lesoes prostaticas caninas. Este continha 17,2% de hiperplasia prostatica benigna (HPB), 32,4% de atrofia inflamatoria proliferativa (PIA), 2,6% de prostatite, 8,6% de focos de neoplasia intraepitelial prostatica (PIN), 29,1% de carcinomas e 9,3% de prostatas normais. Cortes histologicos sequenciais foram feitos e utilizados para reacao de imunoistoquimica com os anticorpos primarios anti-p-53, anti-NOS-2 e anti-GSTP. Avaliou-se de cada core o escore de celulas marcadas para cada anticorpo utilizado. Os resultados foram tabulados por grupo diagnostico e submetidos ao teste Tuckey. Os carcinomas prostaticos do cao e a PIA apresentaram maior numero de amostras (41) com mais de 75% das celulas positivas para NOS-2, demonstrando a influencia do estresse oxidativo no desenvolvimento dessas lesoes. As prostatas normais e as afeccoes desta glândula, HPB, PIA, PIN, prostatite e carcinoma, expressaram a proteina GSTP-1, o que conferiu protecao ao tecido prostatico canino a danos oxidativos. A proteina p53 estava presente em todas as amostras estudadas, incluindo o tecido prostatico normal, porem as lesoes prostaticas apresentaram maior numero de amostras com escores mais elevados de marcacao (escores tres e quatro), presente em 95% dos focos de PIA e carcinoma. Concluiu-se que o aumento de expressao de oxido nitrico nas lesoes prostaticas no cao e a expressao de GSTP-1 podem ter protegido o tecido prostatico canino e que a expressao de p53 foi positiva e uniforme nas prostatas normais e com lesoes hiperplasicas e displasicas.

Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression in canine normal prostate and with proliferative disorders

In this study the expression of metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) in canine normal prostates and with proliferative disorders was evaluated to verify the role of these enzymes in extracellular matrix remodeling (ECM) and in the tissue invasion process. A total of 355 prostatic samples were obtained, from which 36 (10.1%) were normal prostates, 46 (13.0%) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 128 (36.1%) with proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), 74 (20.8%) with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and 71 (20.0%) with prostatic carcinoma (PC). Difference in cytoplasmic immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2 and MMP-9 between acinar epithelium and periacinar stroma was found regarding the different diagnosis. The correlation between MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in relation to the number of labeled cells in acinar epithelium and periacinar stroma, as well as to the staining intensity in the periacinar stromal cells was evidenced in canine prostates with PIA. In conclusion, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression has a variation in canine prostate according to the lesion, with lower expression in normal tissue and with BPH, and higher expression in those with PIA, PIN and PC. Moreover, the inflammatory microenvironment of the PIA has influence in the activity of both enzymes.