Marianna de Freitas Maia

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT REST INTERVALS BETWEEN ANTAGONIST PAIRED SETS ON REPETITION PERFORMANCE AND MUSCLE ACTIVATION

Abstract Maia, MF, Willardson, JM, Paz, GA, and Miranda, H. Effects of different rest intervals between antagonist paired sets on repetition performance and muscle activation. J Strength Cond Res 28(9): 2529–2535, 2014—Recent evidence suggests that exercising the antagonist musculature acutely enhances subsequent performance for the agonist musculature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets for exercises that involve antagonistic muscle groups, a technique referred to as antagonist paired sets (APS). Fifteen recreationally trained men were tested for knee extension (KE) exercise performance, with or without previous knee flexion (KF) exercise for the antagonist musculature. The following protocols were performed in random order with 10 repetition maximum loads for the KF and KE exercises: (a) traditional protocol (TP)—1 set of KE only to repetition failure; (b) paired sets with minimal allowable rest (PMR)—1 set of KF followed immediately by a set of KE; (c) P30—30-second rest between paired sets of KF and KE; (d) P1—1-minute rest between paired sets; (e) P3—3-minute rest between paired sets; and (f) P5—5-minute rest between paired sets. The number of repetitions performed and electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were recorded during the KE set in each protocol. It was demonstrated that significantly greater KE repetitions were completed during the PMR, P30, and P1 protocols vs. the TP protocol. Significantly greater EMG activity was demonstrated for the RF muscle during the KE exercise in the PMR and P30 vs. the TP, P3, and P5, respectively. In addition, significantly greater EMG activity was demonstrated for the VM muscle during the PMR vs. all other protocols. The results of this study indicate that no rest or relatively shorter rest intervals (30 seconds and 1 minute) between APS might be more effective to elicit greater agonist repetition enhancement and muscle activation.

Acute Effects of Antagonist Static Stretching in the Inter-Set Rest Period on Repetition Performance and Muscle Activation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of antagonist passive static stretching (AS) during the inter-set rest period on repetition performance and muscle activation. Ten trained men (22.4 ± 0.9 years) participated in this study. Two protocols were adopted: Passive recovery (PR) – three sets to repetition failure were performed for the seated row (SR) with two-minute rest interval between sets without pre-exercise stretching; AS – forty seconds of stretching was applied to pectoralis major prior to each set of SR. Significant increases in the number of repetitions were noted under AS compared with PR (p < 0.05). Significant increases on latissimus dorsi (p = 0.002) and biceps brachii (p = 0.001) muscle activity were noted inter-sets under the AS compared with the PR condition. Therefore, the AS adopted during the inter-set rest period may enhance repetition performance and activation of agonist muscles in an acute manner.

Repetition Performance And Blood Lactate Responses Adopting Different Recovery Periods Between Training Sessions In Trained Men

Abstract Miranda, H, Maia, MF, Paz, GA, de Souza, JAAA, Simão, R, Farias, DA, and Willardson, JM. Repetition performance and blood lactate responses adopting different recovery periods between training sessions in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3340–3347, 2018—The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different recovery periods (24, 48, and 72 hours) between repeated resistance training (RT) sessions for the upper-body muscles on repetition performance and blood lactate responses in trained men. Sixteen recreationally trained men (age: 26.1 ± 3.1 years; height: 179 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 82.6 ± 4.0 kg, 4.5 ± 2.2 years of RT experience) participated in this study. Eight repetition maximum (8RM) loads were determined for the bench press (BP), 30° incline bench press (BP30), and 45° incline bench press (BP45) exercises. To assess the effects of different recovery periods between repeated training sessions, 3 protocols were performed in randomized order, including 24 hours (P24), 48 hours (P48), and 72 hours (P72). Each RT session consisted of performing 4 repetition maximum sets of the BP, BP30, and BP45 with 8RM loads and 2-minute rest intervals between sets. Blood lactate levels were measured presession (PRE), immediately postsession (POST), 3 minutes postsession (P3), and 5 minutes postsession (P5). For the P24 protocol, significant decreases in repetition performance were found between sessions for the BP, BP30, and BP45 exercises, respectively. When considering session 2 only, the total work (repetition × sets) was significantly higher under P48 and P72 compared with P24 for the BP30 and BP45 exercises. Blood lactate levels (i.e., POST, P3, and P5) significantly increased for session 2 under the P24 compared with the P48 and P72 protocols, respectively. Therefore, coaches and practitioners who need to accomplish a higher training volume for the upper-body muscles should adopt recovery periods longer than 24 hours between sessions that train the same or similar muscle groups.

Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters versus specific performance tests in Brazilian field hockey athletes: a pilot study

Summary Study aim: To investigate the correlation between anthropometric parameters, Sargent jump test, core muscles endurance and agility performance versus specific tests with and without a ball in female Brazilian field hockey athletes. Material and methods: Nine professional female field hockey players (age: 27.4 ± 2.5 years) participated in this study. Body height, body weight, body fat percentage, Sargent jump test (SJT), shuttle run agility test (SR), core muscular endurance tests and sport-specific tests - repeated sprint ability test (RSA) and repeated sprint ability with the ball (RSAB) - were assessed in a randomized order. Results: A moderate correlation was noted between SR and RSAB (r = 0.58, p = 0.09) and RSA (r = 0.60, p = 0.08). In addition, a moderate correlation was noted between percentage of body fat with RSAB (r = 0.59, p = 0.09) and with RSA (r = 0.72, p = 0.08). The other variables showed slight agreement or no agreement. Conclusions: These results indicated that the SR could be implemented in training and evaluation programs of hockey athletes due to the correlation with specific tests. Thus, the percentage of body fat was the only anthropometric parameter that showed a correlation with the specific tests, revealing the importance of maintaining a proper percentage of body fat for better performance in hockey.

Electromyography Activation of the Lower Limb Muscles Adopting Physioball and Elastic Band to Stabilize Knee Joint During Multiple Sets With Submaximal Loads

STUDY DESIGN Crossover design. CONTEXT Excessive valgus and varus force which affected the knee joint during dynamic tasks has been often associated to lower extremity injuries. Strategies to increase the resistance against these asymmetries (eg, the use of a physioball between the knees or elastic bands around the knees) are often applied in rehabilitation and conditioning programs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performing leg press (LP) 45° using a physioball and elastic band over multiple sets with submaximal loads on electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and fatigue indices. METHODS 18 trained females volunteered (age: 24.4 ± 2.1 y; height: 168.1 ± 4 cm; body mass: 65.1 ± 4.4 kg) participated in this study. The 10 repetition maximum (RM) loads were determined for the LP. Then, 3 experimental protocols were followed in a randomized crossover design over 3 nonconsecutive days: control protocol-the participants performed 4 LP sets; physioball between knees-4 LP sets were performed with the physioball between the knees; elastic band-4 LP sets were performed with the elastic band involving the knees. Ten repetitions were performed during each set with 70% of 10-RM loads; EMG spectral indices (CRMS and Cf5) was collected from the biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. RESULTS Higher levels of CRMS and Cf5 were noted for RF, VL, and VM muscles using the physioball and elastic band when compared with control protocol, respectively. CRMS index of BF muscle was significantly higher using physioball and elastic band protocol versus control condition, respectively. CONCLUSION Therefore, both physioball and elastic band can be adopted during LP with the goal to reduce excessive varus and valgus forces, respectively, even performing consecutive sets with submaximal loads. Furthermore, this may be an interesting alternative to increasing quadriceps activation and improving the knee joint stabilization.

Electromyographic Analysis of Muscles Activation during Sit-And-Reach Test Adopting Self-Myofascial Release with Foam Rolling Versus TraditionalWarm Up

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the score and surface of the electromyographic (sEMG) activity of erector spinae (ES), lateral belly of gastrocnemious (GL), and semimembranous (SM) muscles during SRT adopting SMR, compared to traditional warm-up. Methods: Fourteen male college students of certain age and weight (age: 26.8 ± 5.7 years; weight: 75.1 ± 8.2 kg, height: 176.7± 5.5 cm) participated in this study. The participants performed two experimental protocols in two nonconsecutive days: TRAD: Before testing, all subjects performed a 5-minute warm-upon a cycle ergometer followed by three attempts in SRT, with 3-minute rest intervals between; SMR – Firstly, the participants performed Self-Myofascial Release (SMR) for low back, knee flexor, and triceps surae muscles in a randomized design, immediately followed by SRT. The SMR was performed adopting 30-seconds for each leg (knee flexor and triceps surae muscles). The SMR for back muscles held for 1-minute. Results: No differences were observed in SRT performance between TRAD and SMR. During muscle activity, there was no interaction or significant differences between the protocols.However, significant differences were observed between muscles intra protocols (p=0.028). Muscle activity of ES muscle was significantly greater than GL (p=0.0001) and SM (p=0.0002) for both protocols, respectively. Similar results were noticed between SM (p=0.001) and GL (p=0.0023) for TRAD and SMR, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, foam roller massage applied only for 3 minutes on back and lower body muscles thus, they may have a similar acute warm up effect than cicloergometer, considering SRT performance.

Myoeletric Activity of the Quadriceps During Leg Press Exercise Performed With Differing Techniques.

Abstract Machado, W, Paz, G, Mendes, L, Maia, M, Winchester, JB, Lima, V, Willardson, JM, and Miranda, H. Myoeletric activity of the quadriceps during leg press exercise performed with differing techniques. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 422–429, 2017—The quadriceps muscle supplies the motive force for dynamic knee extension. During this action, the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) co-contract to stabilize the patella as it tracks within the patellofemoral groove. The purpose of this study was to analyze surface electromyographic (SEMG) responses for the VL, VMO, rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF), as well as the VMO:VL ratio during an open-kinetic chain 45° angled leg press (LP45). The traditional LP45 technique was compared with 2 alternative LP45 exercise techniques that used a physioball and elastic band, respectively. Thirteen female college students performed 3 protocols in random order: TRAD—1 LP45 set performed using the traditional exercise technique, PBALL—1 LP45 set performed with a physioball held between the knee joints, and PEB—1 LP45 set performed with an elastic band proximal to the knee joints. Ten repetitions at 70% of a 10 repetition maximum load were performed in each protocol, and the SEMG data were recorded for the VMO, VL, RF, and BF muscles. Significant increases in VMO activity were noted during PBALL vs. PEB (p = 0.001) and TRAD (p = 0.002). Higher VMO activity was noted during TRAD vs. PEB (p = 0.001). Greater VL activity was noted during PBALL vs. TRAD (p = 0.0001) and PEB (p = 0.0001). The PBALL condition elicited a greater VMO:VL ratio during the concentric phase vs. the PEB (p = 0.001) and TRAD (p = 0.001) protocols. Greater RF activity was observed during PEB vs. TRAD (p = 0.001) and PBALL (p = 0.001). Therefore, practitioners should consider placing a physioball between the knees during the LP45 exercise as an alternative technique when greater overall quadriceps activity is desired for clinical rehabilitation or a muscle strengthening program.

Correlação entre incapacidade funcional lombar e índices da aptidão física para a saúde

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se existe correlacao entre incapacidade funcional lombar (IFL) para com a flexibilidade da coluna lombar, circunferencia de cintura (CC), risco cintura-quadril (RCQ) e indice de massa corporal (IMC) em universitarios de ambos os generos. A amostra foi composta por 58 mulheres adultas com 27,02±8,90 anos de idade e 56 homens adultos com 24,59±7,53 anos de idade. O Roland Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) foi utilizado para verificar a existencia de IFL e o teste de sentar e alcancar (TSA) para mensurar a flexibilidade da coluna lombar. De acordo com o resultado nao se verificou correlacao entre o RMQ para com IMC, RCQ, CC e TSA atraves da correlacao linear de Pearson considerando p