Marie-Claire Carbonnier-Jarreau

The influence of the environment natural and experimental on the composition of the exine of allergenic pollen with respect to the deposition of pollutant mineral particles

Abstract Pollen material of the two anemophilous plants of known allergic significance Dactylis glomerata (Poaceae) and Betula verrucosa (Betulaceae) was collected at several places (in Sweden and France) and exposed to natural or experimental conditions. This material was analyzed with Electron Probe X Microanalysis (EPMA) (System ORTEC 5000) attached to a Scanning Electron Microscope (Jeol JMS 35), or with EDAX, a 10000 X-Ray Analyser, Link System, connected to a SEM-microscope (Jeol JSM 820). It is clear that the environment has an effect on such a co-inductor or adjuvant of allergenicity as K. The possible presence of pollutant inorganic (mineral) particles on the pollen grain surface may play a role in the allergenic activity. Pollen, consequently, may be used as sensitive biological indicators of atmospheric pollution.

Étude palynologique de trois variétés du grenadier (Punica granatum) au Liban

Abstract In Lebanon, Punica granatum L (Lythraceae) is cultivated for the gustatory, nutritional and medicinal properties of its fruits whose three « varieties » are commonly distinguished according to the taste known as sour, sweet—sour and sweet. Fine pollen morphology was studied for seven samples taken out of the three « varieties » in order to try to detect some differential palynological characters. Numerical analysis of various types of palynological characters was carried out in order to treat pollen grains morphology, stereostructure of the tectum and the variation of the polar axis (P) and the equatorial diameter (E) values (average, minimum and maximum). The only palynological characters do not permit us to conclude the existence of three botanical varieties.

Contribution á la préservation du patrimoine génétique mâle des collections végétales vivantes du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris

Abstract The collections of live plants at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris (Australian and Tropical Green Houses, Alpine Garden, Chevreloups Arboretum and Mentons Exotic Garden) include many ornamental and also many medicinal and aromatic plants which are threatened or only represented by a few individuals. Firstly, a palynological inventory of more than 250 species allowed an evaluation of the male gametophyte (pollen) biodiversity of these collections. The study is illustrated by observations using scanning electron microscopy. These are sixteen of Dicotyledons and eight Monocotyledons selected according to the systematic and conservation status of the plant and the originality or representativity of their pollen type and structure: Dicotyledons: Peumus, Harrisia, Fenestraria, Sparmannia, Bauhinia, Banksia, Sarcocaulon, Reinwardtia, Mina, Jaborosa, Whitfieldia, Thunbergia, Martynia, Sesamothamnus. Felicia. Monocotyledons: Cyperus, Billbergia, Spathiphyllum, Furcraea, Crinum, Iris, Aloe...

Les profils de composition en oligoéléments des pollens, marqueurs potentiels en cladistique végétale

Abstract In botany tentative attempts have been made to classify species, based not on the plant as a whole, but on a particular character, for example pollen characteristics. Pollen, which is involved in the transmission of male genetic information during sexual reproduction, is of particular interest in distinguishing plants and their relationships. These characters, observed in photon- and scanning electron- microscopy are symmetry, form, number and position of germinating areas. Being genetically stable for a given species, they identify a plant. Recently, a novel character has been added: the concentration of elements in the exine, determined by electron probe micro-X-ray analysis. It is interesting to follow relationship of plant species, based on the mineral composition of their pollen as a whole, taking into account both plastic and oligoelements, obtained via an inductive coupled plasma spectrometer. Samples of pollen from different plant species, at distinct taxonomic levels, were analyzed; the ...

Analyse multiparamétrique de la composition minérale des pollens d'une population de Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae)

Abstract Bactris gasipaes Kunth is important both economically and as a food resource in several countries of tropical Africa. The profitability of cultivation can be increased by genetic amelioration of natural morphotypes. We observed that pollen characteristics influence the morphological and physiological features of the fruits. This prompted us to undertake a study based upon ten morphotypes from the Yurimaguas (Peru). We here complete the morphological and ultrastructural investigation of pollen, previously started by one of us, with an analysis of the elements with respect to the importance of the role they play in relation to pollen function. A determination of the 8 major elements, which corresponds to a precise analysis of the exine, was performed by micro-X-Ray diffraction analysis using an electron probe coupled with a scanning electron microscope. At the same time, the determination of calcium, magnesium and twelve oligo-elements by inductive coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP) provided a compl...

Contribution à la connaissance du pollen de trois espèces de Rosacées importantes pour l'arboriculture fruitière au Liban: l'amandier (Prunus amygdalus Stokes), l'abricotier (Prunus armeniaca L.) et le pêcher (Prunus pérsica L.)

Abstract In Lebanon, Prunus amygdalus Stokes, P. armeniaca L. and P. persica L. (Rosaceae) are cultivated for their nutritional and cosmetic properties. Fine pollinic morphology was studied, for three samples taken out of the three species, in order to try to highlight distinctive pollinic characters which would make it possible to select populations each one of these presenting characters in order to reinforce genetic variability. Numerical treatment of principal pollinic characters was carried out in order to determine the morphology of the grains of pollen, stereostructure of the tectum and the variations of dimensions of the polar axis (P), of the equatorial diameter (E): average, minimum, maximum values. The characters of the three species enable us to show the existence from three botanical species in the genus Prunus.